wings are entirely immaculate, with minutely serrated margins. Genitalia normal.

The abdominal cleft and emarginate lingula of this species (especially the former) will distinguish it from A. rubicola. 55. Aleurodes stellata, Maskell, sp. nov. Plate XXXIV.—2. Larva light-brown, elliptical, flat; length about in. Margin minutely crenulated, but without a fringe.

Pupa-case dark-brown, sometimes black; elliptical; very slightly convex, with a median longitudinal ridge; length about in. Abdominal segments indistinct. Dorsum covered with white meal, which frequently becomes rather thick and solid; this meal is secreted by dorsal pores, which it is not easy to make out on account of the blackness of the case; there seem to be two large ones on the cephalic region and two on the thoracic, also four smaller on the abdomen, and the whole dorsum is marked with very numerous minute dots, which may be orifices of spinnerets. The margin is conspicuously crenulated, and bears a long fringe of white waxy tubes, which become agglomerated into almost a solid plate; these tubes are longer in some places than in others, so that the fringe presents the appearance of a star with usually about eight rays. Vasiform orifice small, roundly subconical, the anterior edge straight; operculum subsemicircular, covering about half the orifice; lingula obsolete.

Adult form unknown.

Hab. In Jamaica, on Lignum vitæ, in company with A. floccosa. Specimens from Mr. Cockerell.

56. Aleurodes spirææ, Douglas. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1894, pp. 73, 154.

57. Aleurodes stypheliæ, Maskell, sp. nov. Plate XXXV.-1. Eggs oval, yellow.

Larva very dark-brown; elliptical, flattish; abdominal segments distinct; length about in. Dorsum bearing a few hairs. Margin very conspicuously striated and crenulated, with scarcely any, if any, fringe. When the larval exuviæ are attached to the pupa-case the anterior edge is recurved, giving the larva a truncate appearance.

Pupa-case very dark-brown, or glossy-black; elliptical, with the abdomen rather tapering; length about in. Dorsum convex, with a median longitudinal ridge, and distinct abdominal segments. On the dorsum there are two long spiny hairs situated on the centre of the thoracic region; and there are also some very minute pores in two rows on the abdominal segments; from these pores is secreted some scanty and fragmentary white meal. Margin very conspicuously tubular and crenulated, and bearing a fringe of white

waxy tubes, which are frequently as long as the breadth of the pupa-case. The larval exuviæ are almost always attached to the pupal dorsum by the two long hairs of the latter. Vasiform orifice with a concave anterior edge, the sides and end broadly rounded; operculum large, with emarginate sides, almost covering the whole orifice; lingula apparently obsolete.

Adult form unknown.

Hab. In Australia, on Styphelia (Monotoca) richei. My specimens were sent by Mr. C. French, from Melbourne, and by Mr. Froggatt, from Sydney.

58. Aleurodes T-signata, Maskell, sp. nov. Plate XXXV.—2.

Larva very dark-brown, or to the naked eye quite black; elliptical; dorsum convex, with a longitudinal raised ridge and distinct abdominal segments; length about in. The dorsum bears twenty-four large, thick spines, with blunt rounded ends-eight (in two transverse rows) on the cephalic region, four on the thoracic region, and twelve (in two longitudinal rows) on the abdomen; between the four on the thorax are four smaller ones on the median region. These spines bear short curling tubes of white wax. Margin deeply crenulated, and bearing a short fragmentary white fringe.

Pupa-case intense glossy black; elliptical; dorsum convex, with a median longitudinal ridge, which is broader and thicker than that of the larva; length about in. The cephalic extremity is very frequently acuminate. Dorsum bearing large spines which are arranged somewhat differently from those of the larva, those on the cephalic region forming a submarginal series instead of transverse rows. There are also more numerous small spinnerets-eight on the cephalic region, six on the thoracic, twelve on the abdomen, and two close to the vasiform orifice; besides which, on the centre of the first abdominal segment, there are two large spines. There are thus forty-eight spinnerets (large and small) on the pupa, instead of twenty-eight as in the larva. Margin very conspicuously and deeply crenulated, and bearing a fringe of white waxy tubes, usually of some length, but the fringe is often fragmentary and sometimes quite broken off. Vasiform orifice small, subsemicircular; operculum small, covering half the orifice; lingula obsolete. At the abdominal extremity there are two moderately long hairs, and these hairs frequently carry a pencil of white wax longer than the fringe.

The pupa, when extracted from its case, is yellow, with the divisions of the thorax and abdomen marked by darker colour; the wings, eyes, feet, and antennæ partly developed, the eyes reniform, dark-brown; the whole is enclosed in a very thin translucent membrane which lines the pupa-case.

Adult of normal form. The head and thorax are darkbrown, patched with yellow; the abdomen is yellow, with the genitalia and the dorsal cornicle brown; feet and antennæ brownish-yellow. Antennæ normal, with seven joints. Feet long and slender; claws normal. Forewings exhibiting four light-crimson patches- one small rhomboidal patch close to the anterior margin at about half its length; a second, subrectangular, near the point of curvature of the anterior margin; a third, of irregular shape, opposite the second, but not touching the posterior margin; and a fourth, broadly T-shaped, the base of the T springing from the posterior margin at its most concave point. Genitalia of female sharply conical; genitalia of male not observed. In the dorsal cornicle the lingula does not protrude, and is probably obsolete, as in the pupa.

Hab. In Australia, on Acacia longifolia. My specimens were sent by Mr. Froggatt, from Botany, near Sydney.

The very thick and strong spines of the larva and pupa distinguish this species from A. banksiæ, in which they are much more slender, though somewhat similarly arranged.

59. Aleurodes tinæoides (auctor ?). Signoret, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, Dec., 1867, p. 399.

60. Aleurodes vaccinii, Künow. Entom. Nachricht., 1880, vi., p. 46; Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1880, p. 89; ib., 1889, p. 256.

61. Aleurodes vaporariorum, Westwood. Gard. Chron., 1856, p. 852; Frauenfeld, Verh. der Zool. -Bot. Gesellsch., Wien, 1867, p. 798; Signoret, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, Dec., 1867, p. 387; Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1886, p. 164.

62. Aleurodes xylostei, Westhoff. Jahresber. Zool. Westfäl. Verein, 1886, p. 56; Karsch, Entom. Nachricht., 1888, xiv., p. 31.

Genus ALEURODICUS, Douglas and Morgan.

General characters of Aleurodes; vein of forewing branched a second time near its extremity.

In the diagnosis of this genus Mr. Morgan (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1892, p. 31) states that the structure of the genital organs of the male is " different from any species of the genus Aleurodes." I have been unable to detect any such difference. Under A. anonæ the genitalia of the male are said to be "in form of a forceps, between which lies the penis," and are so figured (loc. cit., plate i., fig 4). Signoret, in his generic characters of Aleurodes, says, "Extremity of the male ab

domen ending in an organ formed like a forceps" (p. 378). And in all the species which I have seen this feature is quite constant, as shown in the figures attached to this paper. I cannot therefore include this amongst the generic characters of Aleurodicus.

In a note to the same diagnosis (loc. cit., p. 32) Mr. Douglas says further that Aieurodicus differs from Aleurodes "in the characteristics of the larva." But nothing is given in the description of the text which is any more than a specific difference, and I cannot see how the larva is to be employed for generic purposes.

The doubly-branched nervure is, however, a sufficient. character for separation.

1. Aleurodicus anonæ, Douglas and Morgan. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1892, vol. xxviii., p. 32.

2. Aleurodicus asarumis, Shimer. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., vol. i., p. 281.

This species is here placed in the genus Aleurodicus on the authority of Messrs. Riley and Howard, Insect Life, 1893, p. 219.

3. Aleurodicus cocois, Curtis. Aleurodes cocois, Curtis, Gard. Chron., 1846, p. 284; Signoret, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 1867-68, p. 398; Aleurodicus, Douglas and Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1892, p. 32; Riley and Howard, Insect Life, 1893, p. 314.

4. Aleurodicus ornatus, Cockerell. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 105.

INDEX TO PLATES XXIV.-XXXV.

PLATE XXIV.—1.

Types of details; greatly magnified.

a. Type of adult Aleurodes.

b. Head of adult viewed from above.

c. Head of adult viewed from beneath, showing rostrum and mentum. d. Head of adult viewed sideways, showing rostrum and mentum.

e. Antenna of adult.

f. Eye of adult.

g. Foot of adult.

h. Last joint of tarsus and claws.

PLATE XXIV.-2.

Types of details; greatly magnified.

a. Type of wings of Aleurodes.

b. Type of forewing of Aleurodicus.

c, d, e, f, types of marginal serrations of wings: c, A. asplenii; d, A. piperis; e, A. asparagi; f, A. T-signata.

g. Vasiform orifice, operculum, and lingula, normal form with retracted

lingula.

h. Vasiform orifice seen from the side, lingula retracted.

k. Vasiform orifice seen from the side, lingula extended. 7. Type of female genitalia seen from above.

m. Type of female genitalia seen from the side. n. Male genitalia (A. asplenii) seen from above. o. Male genitalia (A. comata) seen from above. p. Type of male genitalia, seen from the side.

a. Larvæ and pupa on leaf.

PLATE XXV.—1.

Aleurodes banksiæ.

b. Diagram of larva, showing arrangement of spines. c. Spine of larva, more highly magnified.

d. Vasiform orifice and operculum (diagram).

e. Margin of larva.

f. Pupa-case, dorsal view.

c. Diagram of larva, showing arrangement of pores.

d. Margin of larva and pupa.

e. Vasiform orifice, operculum, and lingula.

b. Pupa-case, dorsal view, enlarged.

c. Diagram of pupa-case, showing pores.

d. Margin of larva and pupa.

e. Vasiform orifice, operculum, and lingula (diagram).

b. Larva, dorsal view, enlarged.

c. Margin and dorsal pores of larva.

d. Pupa case, dorsal view, enlarged.

e. Margin of pupa-case.

f. Pupa-case, side view.

g. Vasiform orifice, operculum, and lingula (diagram).