in honor of the foreigners met at Paris on the occasion of the Universal Exposition. Ball, infernal quadrille, fairy illuminations, fireworks, flags of all nations, American bars, sails on the lake, pigeon-shooting, wooden horses, Russian mountains in the park and gardens of, prizes and medals for hog races. Free entrance to every lady with an escort. Tickets can be procured at all the coffeehouses and restaurants."

I afterwards speak to Mr. and Mrs. Leblanc about this, and they say that these night-balls are the ruin of the youth. I myself can imagine the condition of a young man employed as salesman in one of these great retail stores, where now there is often such a press, if he spend nights at places like this one just brought to my notice. I speak to Mrs. Leblanc about the Jardin Mabille, for which I heard a man in our American department at the Exposition inquiring in a loud tone. Mrs. Leblanc replies that she does not know in what quarter it is; that respectable people know such places by name, but do not know where they are.

After my return I again meet Madame Simon, the dressmaker. In speaking of herself or of her family, she asks whether it seems fair that if they fall sick they should have no refuge but a hospital. I ask an acquaintance what her husband's habits are, whether he is an industrious workman, and whether the two cannot lay by money. He replies that nineteen-twentieths of the people in Paris cannot lay by money, or three-fourths, if I like that better. One in ten can put by money is, I think, the estimate of another, a quiet Protestant.

Madame Simon came to bring something she had made. She says that the problem of labor is one that we shall

have to meet in America; that if their sufferings are too great, we shall have to feel the consequences. As regards the Communists, I understand her to say that they determined, as they could not conquer the Versailles army, to destroy Paris and perish with it. But she claims that they could not have destroyed the Hôtel de Ville, or some building where were the records of the Empire, and of the money then expended, for that would be so manifestly against their interests. She speaks of the clubs of that time, which were frequented by men and women, but says that she herself did not care to participate in denouncing private individuals because they would not join the Commune.

I hear from Madame Leblanc that one of the women sent to New Caledonia was a teacher, and had instructed Mrs. Leblanc herself. This teacher was mounted upon a barricade with a gun in hand, like one of the national guards, and was fighting. She wore short hair, was peculiar in dress, and was an extreme republican. Further, she was suspected of being fit to disturb the peace of families. Perhaps she will be happier in New Caledonia; but can a Parisian think that possible?

Friday, July 19th.-One great charm of Paris streets is their variety,—the soldiers and men in uniform; the schoolboys, often with marked dress; the ecclesiastics in their robes; nuns in different costumes; ladies of fashion; and plain working-women in their caps. Lately I met an ecclesiastic walking with a lady,—not elegant, but well enough. He had a full, florid face, and wore his black robe and the red ribbon of the Legion of Honor. On one of the boulevards to-day I overtake a brown woman in a plaid dress, in which blue predominates; in her plaid neckerchief rose-red

is conspicuous, and in her plaid silk head-handkerchief, yellow. She wears ear-rings and head-pins of filigree,—apparently gold. From previous experience, I know that I must not suppose all the colored people here to be from my own country; and I venture to ask her whether madame is an American. She answers that she is from Guadeloupe (a West Indian isle belonging to the French).

Lately I breakfasted with a French friend, in company with our friends Mr. and Mrs. Gounod-Tessin. These seem to be quite a model pair. I have never seen madame in public without her husband; and I have noticed how helpful he is in domestic matters. We have a nice visit at the house of our mutual friend; and in conversation I tell them of what an Italian gentleman has said here,— that married women in Italy have all liberty. To which I had replied, "Is it possible that an Italian says so?" When I tell this, Mr. Gounod-Tessin seems to feel it a duty to propagate his Fourierite opinions, and he remarks that the patriarchs among the Jews had children by their handmaidens; adding that when society is arranged on a new basis, we shall be able to see a happier state of things than at present exists, or words of like effect. "I prefer your example," I answered, "to your teaching." "We are old people," said madame; "we are friends." we are friends." In noting this conversation, I ask whether, if there were more lovemarriages here, and if divorce existed as among us, whether this would not be enough to satisfy such quiet people as Mr. and Mrs. Gounod-Tessin. But he is the ardent Fourierite of whom I have before spoken. How little he seems like a sensual man, the slave of his appetites!

I suspect him of having suffered in some of his dealings.

with my countrymen, for I hear of his having said that it takes ten Jews to make one American!

One evening before I leave Paris I attend a lecture, where is also the Philadelphia lady married to a German of whom I have before spoken. Mrs. P. brings two young ladies with her to the lecture. Madame Gounod-Tessin is much pleased to see demoiselles at a lecture; for here, she says, they do not get beyond concerts. "That must be the excellence of America," she adds,-" its women!" whence it would seem that she shares her husband's objection to our Another person gave me the following anecdote: A certain Jew said, "They used to say in Germany that it takes three Christians to beat a Jew; but I tell you it takes seven Jews to beat one Yankee!"

men.

Sunday, July 21st.-To-day I have a very satisfactory visit, dining agreeably with Mr. and Mrs. Vibert, the Protestants whom I before visited; Mr. Vibert being overseer of a manufactory. Here I meet two persons who were schoolmates of Mr. Vibert at the School of Arts and Trades. Both of these are republicans; both were Catholics until their first communion, but are now free-thinkers. One is more sociable than the other. I will call him Bournon. He computes that of ten million voters in France one million adhere to the Church. (He could not estimate the number of Protestants.) Of the remaining Catholics, he says that those in the large cities are free-thinkers, and those in the country indifferent. Mr. Bournon adds that although the men of France are thus indifferent to religion, yet they have their children baptized and to partake of the first communion; and the day of this communion is a festival in the family. I ask whether there will not come a

time or a generation that will cease to teach their children. things in which they do not believe themselves. In reply they tell me of some person who would not have his children baptized; and the principal reason which they give for conforming in these matters is to do as the rest of the world does. But one of them adds that there are certain places that can only be obtained by those that have been baptized and partaken of the communion. "For instance," says Mr. Bournon, "if you owned a railroad, and should say that the persons whom you employed must have been baptized and have received the communion." I remark that parents probably feel the necessity of teaching their children some law for the government of their actions; and, addressing Madame Vibert, who had before inquired concerning my sentiments, I add that there are two principles by which we can regulate our actions,-I feel diffident, because I can tell them better than practise them,—and these two principles are Love and Truth.

I have mentioned that Mr. and Mrs. Vibert are Protestants; but it seems that those who cease to practise Catholicism here seldom become Protestants. I only remember meeting one family in France that have done so.

One of the persons at Mr. Vibert's asks whether we in America are interested in their republic, or in their political efforts. I understand Mr. Bournon to say that the people of Paris now have the rights for which the Communists contended; but this does not entirely agree with what Mrs. Simon said. At Mr. Vibert's the cause of the outbreak of the Commune, or civil war, was described to me, and I prepared an account of it for this volume; but, fearing that it was not entirely correct, I afterwards wrote to Mr.