The Origins of Graphic Design in America, 1870-1920Yale University Press, 1. jan. 1997 - 220 sider By the time the phrase "graphic design" first appeared in print in 1922, design professionals in America had already created a discipline combining visual art with mass communication. In this book, Ellen Mazur Thomson examines for the first time the early development of the graphic design profession. It has been thought that graphic design emerged as a profession only when European modernism arrived in America in the 1930s, yet Thomson shows that the practice of graphic design began much earlier. Shortly after the Civil War, when the mechanization of printing and reproduction technology transformed mass communication, new design practices emerged. Thomson investigates the development of these practices from 1870 to 1920, a time when designers came to recognize common interests and create for themselves a professional identity. What did the earliest designers do, and how did they learn to do it? What did they call themselves? How did they organize them-selves and their work? Drawing on an array of original period documents, the author explores design activities in the printing, type founding, advertising, and publishing industries, setting the early history of graphic design in the context of American social history. |
Indhold
Making Ideas Visible | 1 |
Contexts and Connections | 8 |
The Trade Journals | 36 |
Career Transformations | 60 |
Professionalization | 85 |
The Great Divide | 105 |
Women in Graphic Design History | 133 |
At the End of the Mechanical Revolution | 159 |
in American Graphic Design 18521920 | 165 |
New Kind of Printing Calls | 184 |
Almindelige termer og sætninger
adver advertising agencies advertising art advertising artists advertising design advertising industry Aesthetic American Art American Type Founders applied arts art department art education Art Nouveau Arts and Crafts associations became began Boston Bradley career century Chicago color Commercial Art Company compositors Crafts movement culture Currier and Ives decorative drawing Dwiggins exhibitions Frederic Goudy Graphic Arts graphic design Grolier Club halftone Henry Lewis Johnson House organ illustrators included Inland Printer Institute interest issues Jessie Wilcox Smith John John Ruskin Joseph Pennell layout Library of Congress lithographers machine magazines Modern Monthly Morris's Name changed National Arts Club newspaper paper period Philadelphia photography popular poster practice Printing Art private press production profession professional Profitable Advertising published reproduction Ruskin schools skills Smith Society style tion trade journals type design University Press W. A. Dwiggins William William Addison Dwiggins women wood engraving workers writer wrote York