enthroning, in the place of the present hinderers, the people's own servants, to organize the people's work.

Look again at this education question. The whole nation (saving a few bigots not worth counting) is convinced of the want here. The Government alone is in the way. If there was a republican Government, the wish of the People once uttered would be enough. A session could not pass without a measure of education. There would then also be an organization for ascertaining the most popular view as to the methods of education. But now, till the whole country can be called from its occupations, to crowd round platforms, to pass resolutions, to waste no end of time and energy in vain endeavours to convince an unwilling Ministry, and till at last men lose temper and threaten the Ministry with consequences, no education shall be commenced. Then the same system of turmoil has to be repeated for the next move. Again and again to the end of the chapter. And this is called orderly government; and we pride ourselves upon our English methods of governmental and popular procedure, Is it because Englishmen are so combative, that their best ideal of a Government is one that like the 'dull ass' will hardly mend its pace for beating? It is as if a man might have his choice of two servants,-one incompetent, perverse, and faithless, and another who would work like himself-and he chose the first for the mere pleasure of being badly served at the cost of much painstaking and bullying. But to expect figs from thistles is the one article of belief ever fondly cherished by the constitutional Englishman who is not to be tempted by Republicanism. Let him hug his impracticable creed. And yet, even though some miraculous interposition could make the impossible possible, it would not avail him: for whether he like it or not, some form of the Republic is inevitable in England. Inevitable, spite of any amount of sceptical laughter. The deathblow to Monarchy (only struck down by Cromwell) was given when your 'constitution' declared that the monarch could do no wrong, so rendering him equally powerless for good. We have now only the pageantry, without the reality: and reality is royalty. The part of Hamlet is left out, and we have only the accessories— after the fact. It is all as false as the sham hind-quarters of the Pope in the procession. b 'When the assembled crows can pluck up their scarecrow, and say to it, Here shalt thou stand and not there; and can treat with it, and make it, from an infinite, a quite finite Constitutional Scarecrow,-what is to be looked for?' The only purposes for which the remains of the said Scarecrow have been galvanized are to sign state-papers and to spend a certain amount of our hardearned money. The first-it was found during the last illness of George the fourth of offensive memory-could be done just as well by a common stamp: and the writing was only the more legible. The last the tax-eating purpose-is already pronounced intolerable by that influential section, the Financial Reformers. When Mr. Cobden talks of 'garrisoning our present institutions,' be sure he is not pledging himself to maintain an expensive-Scarecrow, Mr. Carlyle calls it. Let the Manchester men come into power, and they will soon

I think it is Carlyle who gives the story of the Pope, who, having on certain days to be carried in procession, in a kneeling posture, to bless the people, had a pair of false legs, etc., made to do the reverential half of the ceremony, while he sat comfortably in front.

(may none of their deeds be worse!) scrape down the gilding of the image till the poorest gentleman will be ashamed to stand for 'Sovereign.' And when the new Ministers bring in their recommendation for a president 'to do the puppeting cheaper,' or to get rid of the puppets and pay only for the stamp,—what will prolong the last legs of Royalty then? Will my Lords get up a rebellion? They could not raise a troop of horse among them. Will the clergy denounce the sacrilege from their pulpits? They will be busy anointing the trade-president. Has not the English Church always stuck to the dominant power? Will the special-constable class turn out again for their Sovereign ? Not they, if saved sovereigns jingle in their consciencious pockets. It was for the shop, and not from any spurring of loyalty, that they rallied behind the police on the tenth of April, their one day of orderly renown. There will be some lamentations from a few old Tory Jeremiahs, some groans from under the red and blue and black cloth of the 'professions,' some lifting up of hands and wagging of sapient heads in the Universities: and so an end. The ROYAL GALVANIC APPARATUS

stopping, through a wise economy of oil.

This natural course of things is foreseen plainly enough by the class which has its gain as priests of the image. Lord John Russell knew well enough what he was about when he undertook the dirty work of all the despots in Europe. He was only trying to copy Metternich, to keep up the galvanic batteries for his own term of office. And are you innocent enough to be gulled by his recent gentle pelting of the Pope? He picked the stones out of the mud before he threw it. Here too is a purpose to be answered, at which his good friend and ally on St. Peter's Ottoman will not be too seriously offended. Why not use the occasion to split up the new union in Ireland, to ruin the Tenant-League, already threatening an invasion of our land? Why not try the excellent Prussian policy of getting up a sham-fight to amuse our combative subjects? The more peaceable will have their heads turned at the Exhibition of all Nations;' and so we provide for all. And old Leviathan holds out his stupid nose for the hook. In truth the English people have been sadly at fault in this Pope-and-Russell business. They should have taken his little lordship at his word, struck again the ball he had flung them, and sent it on beyond his overtaking. The bishops, of course, did not want this; neither did the small popes of the dissenting 'persuasions.' The radicals, who dine with Palmerston, who vote against a free press, and who are only careful never to damage the Worst Ministry,-they also were discreet enough not to push the 'unfortunate business' too far. And honester men could only find the time auspicious for reässerting the principle of religious. freedom; and saw no further. The matter is to be settled, they say, by a concordat, or some other compromise with Rome. And liberal 'politicians' call that 'judicious.' Judicious enough for Lord John and the Pope, who would no more really quarrel than would Peachum and Lockit. Is there no fear for religious and political freedom in the embrace of these two worthies, now their mock squabble has served its turn? O, by all means keep the breach open. Do not lose so good an opportunity for striking down the papacy-the key-stone of the despotic areh.

It is perhaps too late. But the true policy of the people was this:-to have joined the anti-papal movement; to have refused to allow the broad political

question to be entangled and lost in the quasi-religious and sectarian one; to have said to their catholic brethren-Your religion shall not be interfered with,— but we repeat what even our old catholic monarchs (before there was any question of the religion) have ruled,‚—we will have no foreign authority, no SECRET POLITICAL SOCIETY in England; to have said to the very reverend and savage denouncers of the impudent invasion,-Your sincerity shall be tested-we will have a guarantee for this religious freedom you, and we too, so much desire,— we will strike the 'scarlet abomination '(why are your clerical cheeks red too?) in its own den. This blind Authority, which kings openly and whigs underhandedly support, because they know their own divinity is of the same nature, we will put it down. Our arm is long enough to reach the Vatican itself. Our arm, -indeed that is not needed: but our English word, voiced in old heroic style, shall go forth, bidding the French Usurpation recall its Cossacks from the Eternal City, and cheering the Italian Exiles with one hearty, world-rejoicing shontEngland will stand by you, go in and establish your Republic.' Then would be no fear of papal aggression upon England, nor opportunity for setting Catholics and Protestants by the ears, to subserve the far-reaching machinations of Jesuitism or the paltrier occasions of its more dastardly accomplices.

Here too, as elsewhere, the golden mean of Whiggism is to be abhorred. There is no decent middle course, no possible half-way resting-place, between Tyranny and Freedom, between Anarchy and Organization, between Wrong and Right. We must make up our minds one way or the other. The present policy, however prettily it may be disguised, will only keep us in a disreputable state of vacillation till it can push us by the fouler way into the arms of Evil. For a limited monarchy is at best a temporary, and withal a very bungling expedient: somewhat over-costly too, in economic days. The rule of the shopkeeper, come when it may will after all be only a transition state, a trade whiggism, a cheap but intolerable establishment of Chaos, which the ever-during laws of Nature will condemn. We no more than other countries will be able to stop either at the bizarrerie of 'constitutional monarchy', or at the anarchical perfection of 'laisser-faire.' We must either again revert to the rule of the Few or the Onedespotism, even though our Pope should be the best of communist patriarchs; or go forward to the organization of free men, to the progressive rule of the Majority, to the Republic. The time is fast coming in which we shall have no alternative but to be Russian or Free. We cannot stand still amid the revolutions of the world. European Progress must, sooner or later, involve us. It may be well to choose betimes between THE POPE AND THE REPUBLIC.

LET ENGLAND REMEMBER!

Air-Let Erin remember!

LET England remember the days of yore,
Of her old heroic story,-

The days of Naseby and Marston-Moor,
And Worcester's crowning glory:
When the People's will and the People's right
Made a traitor monarch heed 'em ;
When the Commons dared or speak or fight
For the sake of the common freedom.

Let England think of the men of old,
The chief of her hero story,-

Of Eliot brave and Hampden bold,

And Cromwell, England's glory:

When England's strength was a righteous sword,
Abroad or at home to defend her;
When glorious Milton's banner'd word
Lent farthest lands her splendour.

Is England's heart grown senseless now?
Or her fame dim-eyed and hoary?

Or does she repent of the hero vow

Of the men of the days of glory?

That the Commonweal is a fearful word

To the slaves that are trampling on her;
That a coward's trick is her only sword,
And a trading lie her honour.

May England retrieve her hero name,
Resuming the olden story;

And, true to the pledge of her youthful fame,
Lead the world again to glory!

Let her sons advance in the teeth of Time,

Where their rights or the world's may lead 'em,

In the track once mark'd by a faith sublime

In God and in human freedom.

W. J. L.

THE leader of the wretched Galician peasants, to whom the Austrian Minister, METTERNICH, intrusted, in February and March, 1846, the atrocious mission of murdering all of the Polish land-owners who were suspected of patriotism, was SZELA, a monster who had been condemned to imprisonment for setting fire to his father's house and for a horrible crime against a child. He was set at liberty to head some other liberated convicts and disguised soldiers, to excite the peasants against their masters, by false tales, and by promises (guaranteed by the 'Government') of so much a head for every Polish proprietor. A higher price was paid if he was brought in dead.

Theodore had his John had his ears and the ruffians while they

Theodore and John Bromiski were butchered in their own houses. ribs, arms and legs broken, and was afterwards killed with flails. nose cut off, and his head skinned. His wife was forced to light tore out his eyes.

Charles Kotarski, often mentioned in the journals as the benefactor of the countrypeople, had his jaw-bones removed before they killed him.

Sokulski was thrown into a trough, and minced there as food for pigs.

Mrs. Kempinska-born Countess Dembicka-pregnant with twins, was killed with a dungfork. The twins were torn out of the corpse, to get the 'Government' price for each head.