should be sheltered; and shaded rather than otherwise. The usual mode of propagation is by layers; and the stools are sometimes protected, during winter, by mats. Plants, in the London nurseries, cost 5s. each; at Bollwyller, 15 francs; and at New York, 50 cents. GENUS II. STUARTIA Cav. THE STUARTIA. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Pentándria. Identification. Cav. Diss., 5. p. 398.; Dec. Prod., 1. p 528., as Stewartia; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. Derivation. Named in honour of John Stewart, Marquess of Bute, the patron of Sir John Hill, and a distinguished promoter of botanical science. General Character, &c. Calyx permanent, 5-cleft, rarely 5-parted, furnished with two bracteas at the base. Petals 5. Ovary roundish. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a capitate 5-lobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless, ovate, even. (Don's Mill., i. p. 573.)-A deciduous shrub, or low tree, with large white flowers. 1. STUARTIA VIRGINICA Cav. The Virginian Stuartia. Identification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. Synonymes. Stewartia Malachodéndron Lin. Sp., 982.; Stuártia marilandica Bot. Rep.; Stewartia à un Style, Fr.; eingriffliche (one-styled) Stuartie, Ger. Engravings. Lam, Ill., t. 593.; Bot. Rep., t. 397.; and our fig. 92. 92 Spec. Char., &c. Flowers large, white, with purple filaments and blue anthers, usually in pairs. Leaves ovate, acute. Petals entire. (Don's Mill., i. p. 573.) A deciduous shrub; from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high in Virginia, its native country, and attaining nearly the same height in British gardens. It is found in swamps in the lower parts both of Virginia and Carolina; and was introduced into England in 1742. The general appearance of the plant is the same as that of the preceding genus; but it forms a smaller bush, and the foliage has a redder hue. The flowers are of the same size, white, with purple filaments and blue anthers. This plant is not so extensively cultivated as the other, from its being of somewhat slower growth; but its beauty, and the circumstance of its flowering from July to September, when but few trees or shrubs are in blossom, render it desirable for every collection. It thrives best in a peat soil, kept moist; but it will also grow in deep moist sand. In this, as in similar cases, care should be taken that no rampant plant be placed near it, the roots of which might penetrate into the mass of peat or sand, and, from their greater vigour, soon occupy it, and destroy, or greatly injure, those of the Stuártia. The propagation of this plant is the same as that of Malachodéndron; from which it is separated on account of a technical difference in the capsules, somewhat similar to that by which Thea is separated from Caméllia. There are large plants of this species in the Mile End Nursery. The price is the same as that of Malachodéndron. GENUS III. GORDO'NIA Ellis. THE GORDONIA. Polyándria. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Identification. Ellis, in Phil. Trans., 1770.; Cav. Diss., 307; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528.; Don's Mill.. 1. p. 575. Derivation. Named in honour of Alexander Gordon, a celebrated nurseryman at Mile End, near London, who lived in the time of Philip Miller. Gen. Char. Calyx of 5 rounded coriaceous sepals. Petals 5, somewhat adnate to the urceolus of the stamens. Style crowned by a peltate 5-lobed stigma. Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 2-4-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing fixed to the central column, filiform. (Don's Mill., i. p. 573.)-There are only two hardy species, both sub-evergreen. 1. GORDONIA LASIA'NTHUS L. The woolly-flowered Gordonia, or Loblolly Bay. Identification. Lin. Mant., 570.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. Synonymes. Hypericum Lasianthus Lin. Sp., 1101., Catesb. Carol., 1. t. 44, Pluk. Amalth., t. 352.; Gordonia à Feuilles glabres, and Alcée de la Floride, Fr.; langstielige Gordonie, Ger. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 171.; Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 668.; Catesb. Carol., 1. t. 44.; Pluk. Amalth., t. 352.; and our fig. 93. Spec. Char., &c. Pedicels axillary, usually shorter than 93 the leaves. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, smooth, serrated. Calyx silky. Capsules conoid, acuminated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 573.) A tree growing, in its native country, to the height of 50 ft. or 60 ft., with a diameter of 18 in. or 20 in.; and a straight trunk of from 25 ft. to 30 ft. "The small divergency of its branches near the trunk gives it a regularly pyramidal form; but, as they ascend, they spread more loosely, like those of other trees of the forest. The bark is very smooth, while the tree is less than 6 in. in diameter: on old trees it is thick, and deeply furrowed. The leaves are evergreen, from 3 in. to 6 in. long, alternate, oval-acuminate, slightly toothed, and smooth and shining on the upper surface. The flowers are more than 1 in. broad, white, and sweetscented: they begin to appear about the middle of July, and continue blooming in succession during two or three months. This tree possesses the agreeable singularity of bearing flowers when it is only 3 ft. or 4 ft. high. The fruit is an oval capsule, divided into five compartments, each of which contains small, black, winged seeds." (Sylva Americana, p. 164, 165.) In England, the Gordònia Lasiánthus is seldom seen otherwise than as a sub-evergreen bush, of 5 ft. or 6 ft. in height; but it flowers beautifully, even at that size. It sometimes, however, reaches the height of 10 ft. or 12 ft. Geography, History, &c. The loblolly bay has a comparatively limited range in North America, being confined to the swamps near the sea coast, from the Floridas to Lower Louisiana. "In the pine-barrens, tracts of 50 or 100 acres are met with, at intervals, which, being lower than the adjacent ground, are kept constantly moist by the waters collected in them after the great rains. These spots are entirely covered with the loblolly bay, and are called bay swamps. Although the layer of vegetable mould is only 3 in. or 4 in. thick, and reposes upon a bed of barren sand, the vegetation of these trees is surprisingly luxuriant." (Sylva Amer., p. 164.) This plant seems to have been first recorded by Catesby; and it was soon afterwards described by Ellis, in the Philosophical Transactions; and figured there, as well as in Catesby's Carolina. It was introduced into England, about 1768, by Benjamin Bewick, Esq.; but it has never been very successfully cultivated, apparently from neglecting to imitate its natural habitat, a swampy soil in a low sheltered situation. The largest plants in the neighbourhood of London are at Purser's Cross, and are not above 10 ft. high. Properties and Uses. The wood of this tree, in America, is considered of little use; but its bark is of great value for tanning, for which purpose it is employed throughout the maritime parts of the southern states, and of the Floridas. A bark fit for the purpose of tanning is more valuable, in America, than might at first sight be imagined; because, though they have many sorts of oak, there are very few the bark of which contains a sufficient quantity of tannin to be worth employing by the tanner. Hence the Americans import the bark and acorn cups of Quércus Egilops from Spain; and these they mix with the bark of the loblolly bay. Michaux remarks that the bark may be taken off this tree during three months; which shows that in it the sap is abundant, and in vigorous motion, during a much longer period than it is in the oak. In the northern parts of America, such as New York and Philadelphia, the loblolly bay is planted in gardens, along with the magnolia, as an ornamental tree, requiring there, as it does in Paris, some slight protection during winter. Soil, Situation, &c. This most beautifully flowering tree well deserves to have a suitable soil prepared for it, and to be treated with more care after it is planted than it appears to have hitherto received in England. The soil ought to be peat, or leaf-mould and sand; and it should be so circumstanced as always to be kept moist. For this purpose a considerable mass of soil ought to be brought together, and placed in an excavation, on a retentive substratum, in a low situation. During summer, water ought to be supplied from below, rather than from the surface, in order that the degree of moisture be kept as steady as possible; which it never can be when the surface is alternately moistened by the watering-pot, and dried by the sun. A steady moisture may be produced by laying in the bottom of the foundation either one or two brick drains across it, or a substratum of broken stones or gravel, to which water can be supplied through a shaft or tube communicating with the surface. Where both species of Gordònia are to be grown along with some other American trees and shrubs, such as Magnòlia glauca, &c., which require similar treatment, the expense of this preparation would be well worth incurring, in order to insure the successful growth of the plants. In British nurseries, the Gordònia is generally propagated by layers, but sometimes seeds are imported. These require to be raised on peat soil, kept moist, and shaded; and for this purpose a covering of Sphagnum is thought desirable, as the seeds which drop from the plants in their native habitats, according to Michaux, only germinate successfully in this moss. Statistics. There are specimens of this tree of 8 ft. or 10 ft. in height at Purser's Cross, at White Knights, in some of the London nurseries, and at a few other places in England; but scarcely any in Scotland, from the tree being rather tender; and but few in Ireland, because there the summers seldom admit of the wood being ripened. In the neighbourhood of Paris, there are some plants in the nurseries which have attained the height of 8 ft. or 10 ft.; and there was formerly a large one at Malmaison. Price, in the London nurseries, 5s. ; at Bollwyller, ?; and at New York, 1 dollar. 2. G. PUBESCENS Ph. The pubescent Gordonia. Identification. Pursh, Flor. Amer., 2. p. 451.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. Synonymes. Lacathea florida Sal. Par. Lond., t. 56.; Franklínia americàna Marsh.; the Franklinia, Amer.; behaarte Gordonie, Ger. Engravings. Sal. Flor. Lond., t. 56.; Michx., t. 59.; and our fig. 94. Spec. Char., &c. Flowers almost sessile. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, somewhat serrated, membranaceous. Petals and sepals rather silky on the outside. (Don's Mill., i. p. 573.) A deciduous tree, from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high, producing large, white, fragrant flowers, with yellow anthers, in September and October. 1774. Variety. De Candolle indicates two forms: 94 Description, &c. This species is much smaller than the preceding one; in its native country forming a deciduous tree, rarely exceeding 30 ft. in height, with a trunk 6 in. or 8 in. in diameter. The bark of the trunk is smooth, and presents a ridged surface, somewhat like that of the common hornbeam. The flowers are more than 1 in. in diameter, white, and of an agreeable odour. In Carolina they appear about the beginning of July; and a month later near Philadelphia. They open in succession during two or three months, and begin to appear when the tree is only 3 ft. or 4 ft. high. In the neighbourhood of London the tree seldom comes into flower before September; and it continues flowering till its flower buds are destroyed by frost. It is rather hardier than the preceding species. Geography, History, &c. This species is found only on the banks of the Alatamaha river in Georgia; where it was discovered, in 1770, by John Bartram, who gave it the name of Franklínia, in honour of the celebrated Dr. Franklin. Its native soil is sandy wastes, where there is peat, and where there is abundance of moisture great part of the year. This tree was introduced into England, in 1774, by Mr. William Malcolm. It is considered somewhat hardier than the preceding species, and has been more generally cultivated. The soil, situation, &c., may be considered, in all respects, the same as for Gordònia Lasiánthus. There are plants from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high in the Mile End Nursery, and of a larger size at Purser's Cross and at Syon; there are, also, some very fine bushes, or low trees, of it at White Knights, which flower freely every year. In the Nouveau Du Hamel it is stated to be cultivated in the "Jardin Impérial des Plantes," in those of Malmaison, and of the Trianon, and in Cels's Nursery. There is, or was a few years ago, a tree of considerable size in the garden at Trianon; and there is one in Bartram's Botanic Garden, Philadelphia (now Carr's Nursery), 50 ft. high. (See Gard. Mag., vol. viii. p. 272.) Price, in the London nurseries, 3s. 6d. a plant; at Bollwyller, 4 francs; and at New York, 40 cents, and the seeds 2 dollars a quart. Sect. II. Hardy and half-hardy ligneous Plants belonging to the Tribe Camellièæ. Common Character. Calyx of 5-9 sepals. Petals 5-7-9, alternating with the sepals when they are the same in number: sometimes they are connected at the base. Stamens numerous, usually monadelphous, but, in some, separated into many bundles at the base. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved, valves sometimes with dissepiments in the middle, and sometimes so much bent in at the margins as to form dissepiments. Seeds large, few, fixed to the margins of the central placentæ. Smooth evergreen trees or shrubs, inhabitants of the colder parts of Asia, China, Japan, &c. Flowers axillary, very showy, red, white, or striped. (Don's Mill., i. p. 574.) The halfhardy genera are two, Caméllia and Thea; which are thus contradistinguished: CAMELLIA. Stamens polyadelphous or monadelphous at the base. Valve of capsule bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each. THE A. Stamens almost unconnected to the very base. Dissepiments of capsule formed from the inflexed margins of the valves. GENUS I. CAME'LLIA L. THE CAMELLIA. Lin. Syst. Monadélphia Polyándria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 848.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 529.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 574. Synonymes. The Japan Rose; Camellier, Rose du Japon, et de la Chine, Fr.; Camellie, Ger. Derivation. Named in honour of George Joseph Camellus, or Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit, and traveller in Asia. Gen. Char., &c. Calyx imbricate, surrounded by accessory bracteas or sepals. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers elliptical, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise; capsule furrowed, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, separating from the free triquetrous axis when ripe. Cells 1-2-seeded. Elegant evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, dark green, shining leaves and large flowers, resembling the rose, of various hues. (Don's Mill., i p. 574.) The species are evergreen low trees or shrubs, from China, all of which will bear the open air in the neighbourhood of London, with some protection during winter; and a few of them, when once established, with no protection whatever. They are all readily propagated by layers, which, for the commoner sorts, are made from stools planted in coldpits. They are also propagated by cuttings of the ripe wood, planted in autumn, and kept in a cool frame through the winter, being put into heat when they begin to grow in the spring. Grafting, inarching, and budding are employed for propagating the sorts that are comparatively rare. Various new sorts have been raised from seeds ripened in this country. An excellent work has been published on the Camellièe, by Messrs. Chandler and Booth, entitled Illustrations and Descriptions of the Camellièa; in which many of the finest varieties are figured, and scientifically described. Another work, on the same genus, is in course of publication by the Messrs. Baumann, at Bollwyller. 1. C. JAPONICA L. The Japanese Camellia, or the red single-flowered Camellia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 982.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 529.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 574. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 160.; Jacq. Icon. rar., 3. t. 553.; Duh. Ed. nov., t. 71.; Bot. Mag, t. 42.; Chandl. Ill., t. 1.; Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 25.; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 329. and 455.; Lois. Herb. Amat., t. 43, 44, 45, and 46.; and our fig. 94. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely serrated. Flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary. Ovary smooth. (Don's Mill., i. p. 574.) An evergreen shrub or low tree, perfectly hardy in the neighbourhood of London, as a standard in the free soil, when once thoroughly established. The Caméllia Geography, History, &c. The Camellia japónica is indigenous both in China and Japan, and probably in other parts of Asia not yet explored by botanists. In Japan, it forms a lofty tree in high esteem with the Japanese for the elegance of its large flowers, which there exhibit a great variety of colours, and are produced from October to April. The trees are universally planted in the Japanese gardens; and, according to Thunberg, there are there several doubleflowered varieties; and, among others, a double purple. was introduced into England by Lord Petre, about or before 1739. The first plants brought over were killed by being kept in a stove; but it was afterwards reimported, and kept in a conservatory. The plant began to come into general estimation in England about the beginning of the present çentury; and it has since been more extensively propagated than any other genus of green-house plants, unless we except Pelargonium and Erica. Within the last 15 or 20 years plants of this species have been tried in the open air, some against walls, and others as bushes; and, provided they are protected for a few years after planting, till the roots become firmly established in the soil, they seem to be nearly as hardy, even in the climate of London, as the common laurel. Sweet, who, it will be allowed, is a competent judge, says, "the Caméllia is not generally so much cultivated as it deserves to be, though it is very hardy, standing out our severest winters when planted out against a wall, or in any sheltered situation, without protection." In Devonshire camellias form immense evergreen bushes without any protection whatever, and have even ripened seeds from which young plants have been raised. There is a single red camellia at Bicton, about 2 miles from the sea, and 83 ft. above its level, which is 9 ft. 6 in. high, with the head covering a space 12 ft. 6 in. in diameter. The soil and subsoil are chiefly sand, and the situation not particularly well sheltered. It has been planted out for 16 years, and not protected for the last 12 years. During the last five years, it has endured a temperature of 10° Fah., without sustaining the slightest injury. At Bicton there are a number of other varieties of Č. japónica planted out as bushes. In the Vauxhall Nursery 8 sorts have stood out against a north-west wall for 8 years, and flowered freely every year without the slightest protection; |