Diplomatic and Consular Representatives. 1. OF COSTA RICA IN GREAT BRITAIN. Envoy and Minister.-R. Fernandez. Consul-General.-John A. Le Lacheur. There are Consular Representatives at Birmingham, Cardiff, Falmouth, Gibraltar, Glasgow, Hull, Kingston (Jamaica), Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Southampton, Swansea. 2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN COSTA RICA. Minister and Consul-General.-Audley C. Gosling, resident at Guatemala. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Costa Rica. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Anuario estadístico de la República de Costa Rica. San José. Calvo (J. B.), República de Costa Rica. Apuntamientos geográficos, estadísticos e histó ricos. San José, 1887. Censo General de la Republica de Costa Rica. 18 Febrero, 1892. San José, 1893. Costa Rica-Bulletin No. 31 of the Bureau of the American Republics. 8. Washington, 1892. Estadística del comercio exterior de la República de Costa Rica. San José. Memoria de la secretaria de guerra y marina. San José. Memoria de la secretaria de hacienda y comercio. 5. San José. de 1886. San José, 1886. República de Costa Rica. Año Report by Consul Sharpe on the Trade and Commerce of Costa Rica in 1892, in No. 1,219 'Diplomatic and Consular Reports.' 1893. Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in the year 1892.' Imp. 4. London, 1893. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Bates (H. W.), Central and South America. New edition. London, 1882. Boyle (Frederick), Ride across a Continent: a Personal Narrative of Wanderings through Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 2 vols. 8. London, 1868. Caceres (J. M.), Geografía de Centro-America. Paris, 1882. Camphuis (G. W.), Costa Rica: The Country for Emigrants. London. Fröbel (Julius), Aus Amerika. 2 vols. 8. Leipzig, 1857-58. Marr (N.), Reise nach Centralamerika. 2 vols. 8. Hamburg, 1863. Morelot (L.), Voyage dans l'Amérique centrale. 2 vols. 8. Paris, 1859. Peralta (Manuel M.), Costa Rica: its Climate, Constitution, and Resources. With a survey of its present financial position. 8. London, 1873. Scherzer (Karl, Ritter von), Statistisch-commerzielle Ergebnisse einer Reise um die 8. Leipzig, 1867. Erde. 8. Scherzer (Karl, Ritter von), Wanderungen durch die mittelamerikanischen Freistaaten. Braunschweig, 1857. Wagner (Moritz), Die Republik Costa Rica in Centralamerika. 8. Leipzig, 1856. DENMARK. (KONGERIGET DANMARK.) Reigning King Christian IX., born April 8, 1818, the fourth son of the late Duke Wilhelm of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, and of Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. Appointed to the succession of the crown of Denmark by the treaty of London of May 8, 1852, and by the Danish law of succession of July 31, 1853. Succeeded to the throne on the death of King Frederik VII., November 15, 1863. Married, May 26, 1842, to Queen Louise, born September 7, 1817, the daughter of Landgrave Wilhelm of Hesse-Cassel. Children of the King. I. Prince Frederik, heir apparent, born June 3, 1843; married July 28, 1869, to Princess Lowisa, daughter of King Carl XV. of Sweden and Norway. Offspring of the union are:-1. Prince Christian, born September 26, 1870. 2. Prince Karl, born August 3, 1872. 3. Princess Lowisa, born February 17, 1875. 4. Prince Harald, born October 8, 1876. 5. Prince Ingeborg, born August 2, 1878. 6. Princess Thyra, born March 14, 1880. 7. Prince Gustav, born March 4, 1887. 8. Princess Dagmar, born May 23, 1890. II. Princess Alexandra, born December 1, 1844; married, March 10, 1863, to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. III. Prince Wilhelm, born December 24, 1845; admiral in the Danish navy; elected King of the Hellenes, under the title of Georgios I., by the Greek National Assembly, March 31, 1863; married, October 27, 1867, to Olga Constantinowna, GrandDuchess of Russia. IV. Princess Marie Dagmar (Empress Maria Feodorovna), born November 26, 1847; married, November 9, 1866, to Alexander III., Emperor of Russia. V. Princess Thyra, born September 29, 1853; married, December 21, 1878, to Prince Ernest August, Duke of Cumberland. VI. Prince Waldemar, born October 27, 1858; married, October 22, 1885, to Princess Marie d'Orléans, eldest daughter of the Duc de Chartres, born January 13, 1865; offspring, Prince Aage, born June 10, 1887; Prince Axel, born August 12, 1888; Prince Erich, born November 8, 1890. Brothers and Sisters of the King. I. Princess Frederica, born October 9, 1811; married, October 30, 1834, to Duke Alexander of Anhalt-Bernburg; widow August 19, 1863. II. Princess Louise, born November 18, 1820; nominated abbess of the convent of Itzehoe, Holstein, August 3, 1860. III. Prince Julius, born October 14, 1824; general in the Danish army. IV. Prince Hans, born December 5, 1825; general in the Danish army. The crown of Denmark was elective from the earliest times. In 1448, after the death of the last male scion of the Princely House of Svend Estridsen the Danish Diet elected to the throne Christian I., Count of Oldenburg, in whose family the royal dignity remained for more than four centuries, although the crown was not rendered hereditary by right till the year 1660. The direct male line of the house of Oldenburg became extinct with the sixteenth king, Frederik VII., on November 15, 1863. In view of the death of the king without direct heirs, the Great Powers of Europe, 'taking into consideration that the maintenance of the integrity of the Danish Monarchy, as connected with the general interests of the balance of power in Europe, is of high im. portance to the preservation of peace,' signed a treaty at London on May 8, 1852, by the terms of which the succession to the crown of Denmark was made over to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, and to the direct male descendants of his union with the Princess Louise of Hesse Cassel, niece of King Christian VIII. of Denmark. In accordance with this treaty, a law concerning the succession to the Danish crown was adopted by the Diet, and obtained the royal sanction July 31, 1853. King Christian IX. has a civil list of 500,000 rigsdalers settled upon him by vote of the Rigsdag, approved December 17, 1863. The heir apparent of the crown has, in addition, an allowance of 60,000 rigsdalers, settled by law of March 20, 1868. Subjoined is a list of the Kings of Denmark, with the dates of their accession, from the time of election of Christian I. of Oldenburg : House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. Christian IX., 1863. Constitution and Government. The present Constitution of Denmark is embodied in the charter of June 5, 1849, which was modified in some important respects in 1855 and 1863, but again restored, with various G G alterations, by a statute which obtained the royal sanction on July 28, 1866. According to this charter, the executive power is in the king and his responsible ministers, and the right of making and amending laws in the Rigsdag, or Diet, acting in conjunction with the sovereign. The king must be a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, which is declared to be the religion of the State. The Rigsdag comprises the Landsthing and the Folkething, the former being a Senate or Upper House, and the latter a House of Commons. The Landsthing consists of 66 members. Of these, 12 are nominated for life by the Crown, from among actual or former representatives of the Kingdom, and the rest are elected indirectly by the people for the terms of eight years. The choice of the latter 54 members of the Upper House is given to electoral bodies composed partly of the largest taxpayers in the country districts, partly of deputies of the largest taxpayers in the cities, and partly of deputies from the totality of citizens possessing the franchise. Eligible to the Landsthing is every citizen who has passed his twenty-fifth year and is a resident of the district. The Folkething, or Lower House of Parliament, consists of 102 members, returned in direct election, by universal suffrage, for the term of three years. According to the Constitution there should be one member for every 16,000 inhabitants. The franchise belongs to every male citizen who has reached his thirtieth year, who is not in the actual receipt of public charity, or who, if he has at any former time been in receipt of it, has repaid the sums so received, who is not in private service without having his own household, and who has resided at least one year in the electoral circle on the lists of which his name is inscribed. Eligible for the Folkething are all men of good reputation past the age of twenty-five. Both the members of the Landsthing and of the Folkething receive payment for their services at the rate of 3 rixdalers (6s. 8d.) per day during the actual session, and are re-imbursed for travelling expenses to and from the capital. To The Rigsdag must meet every year on the first Monday in October. the Folkething all money bills must in the first instance be submitted by the Government. The Landsthing, besides its legislative functions, has the duty of appointing from its midst every four years the assistant judges of the Rigsret, who, together with the ordinary members of the Höiesteret, form the highest tribunal of the Kingdom (Rigsret), and can alone try parliamentary impeachments. The ministers have free access to both of the legislative assemblies, but can only vote in that chamber of which they are members. The executive, acting under the king as president, and called the State Council Statsraadet-consists of the following eight departments: 1. The Presidency of the Council and Ministry of Finance.-Jacob Brænnum Scavenius Estrup, appointed President of the Council of Ministers, and Minister of Finance, June 11, 1875, 2. Ministry of the Interior.-M. Hoerring, appointed January, 1894. 3. Ministry of Justice and for Iceland.-J. M. V. Nellemann, June 11, 1875. 4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.-Baron Reedtz- Thott, June 3, 1892. 5. Ministry of War.-General J. J. Bahnsen, September 13, 1884. 6. Ministry of Marine.-Commander N. F. Ravn, January 4, 1879. 7. Ministry of Public Instruction and Ecclesiastical Affairs.-A. H. Goos, appointed July 11, 1891. 8. Ministry of Public Works.-H. P. Ingerslev, appointed January, 1894. It is officially announced at Copenhagen that M. Hoerring, the Depart mental Chief of the Ministry of the Interior, has been appointed Minister of that Department, in the room of M. Ingerslev, who is appointed Minister of the newly-created Department of Public Works. The ministers are individually and collectively responsible for their acts, and if impeached, and found guilty, cannot be pardoned without the consent of the Folkething. Denmark is divided into 18 counties (Amter), each of which is administered by a Governor (Amtmand), and the counties into Hundreds (Herreder), each with a portion of the Peace (Herredsfoged or Birkedommer). In the towns there is a Mayor, appointed by the government, with or without aldermen. The Hundreds are divided into parishes of which there are, in all, about 1,068. Copenhagen forms a district by itself, and has its own form of administration. The chief of the dependencies of the Crown of Denmark, Iceland, has its own constitution and administration, under a charter which came into force August 1, 1874. By the terms of this charter, the legislative power is vested in the Althing, consisting of 36 members, 30 elected by popular suffrage, and 6 nominated by the king. A minister for Iceland, nominated by the king, is at the head of the administration; while the highest local authority is vested in the governor, who resides at Reikjavik. Besides him there are two Amtmands for the western and the northern districts of Iceland. Area and Population The following table gives the area and population of Den. mark, according to the last decennial census, taken February 1, 1890::- The population (excluding the Faeroes) consisted of 1,059,322 males and 1,112,983 females. The total population at the census of 1870 was 1,794,723, and of 1880 1,980,259, showing an increase during each of the two decennial periods of nearly 10 per cent., or 1 per cent. per annum. In Denmark proper the town population has increased from 515,758 in. 1880 to 663,121 |