not the cracks; two spare corners, and some colored crayons were found, and soon a bunch of golden rod, sketched by skillful fingers, found its vis a vis in a spray of oak leaves and acorns, prettily outlined on the other side. What was the use of that platform lifting her above the children when she wanted to be with them? She could not remove that, but the desk went down to hobnob with the old curtains in subterranean freedoom, and a little cheap table was placed in front, that was nearly covered next day, legs and all, by the square of flannel that she bought and "feath er-stitched" herself the night before, "after tea" A "remnant" of carpet, costing $2.42 was nailed down next day over the platform, giving such an air of comfort to the room that the "new cloak" sacrifice began to look very small in comparison. The bare walls began to complain of neglect. What was to be done? She would not have poor pictures to educate the children the wrong way and she could not afford good ones. An idea struck her. She would make a humble beginning and trust to fortune for the rest. At a drug store she found a picture frame that had been used for advertisements, which they were glad to give away. Some long, ornamental grass grew by the roadside. Gathering a handful and buying a piece of cardboard for ten cents she went home. She had saved a pasteboard picture of a stork one day, to "carry to school for the children," and in her mind's eye, she saw a picture grow out of this combination. It grew and was finished. A dignified stork stood waiting on the regulation "one foot" in a tangle of high grass. Hung in the school room next day it was a bit of naturalness that was surprising ly pretty. The "annually suspended" stood on the shoulders of his bosom friend and looked into the school room window that night after the teacher had gone and said: "I say, Bill, she's got a new picture, and I'll bet she made it herself. jest do anything."-E. D. K. in School Journal. ENGLISH AS SHE IS UNDERSTOOD. She can The curiosities of an examination of teachers made before the county board in Sacramento are so novel and amusing that some of the blunders reported to a Sacramento paper are worth studying as an example of English as she is understood. It seems that the applicants for schools were required to define certain words in the English language. The originality of the results was achieved, says the reporter, "with a facility unparalled and that ought to disgrace them." One teacher defined obesity as "a bow "; another shrank from defining the word and passed it over as "improper language," while a third said that the word meant "courtesy." A novel definition of demagogue was "one that professes religion,"certainly a new interpretation of character. A wonderful definition was that of vitiate, as "certain rules a person must go through to be a member of society." A teacher with a medical turn of mind defined mercenary as "the place where medicine is kept." Humidity was defined, "peaceful" and "calm;" calibre, "one who scribes"; caricature, "small in character." A humorous definition of nocturnal, by one who evidently was not accustomed to nightly performances of any kind, was "every three months." According to one teacher, alluvial means "round," and cursory, "that which is a curse." One ambitious applicant certainly added new wealth to the English language when he defined celibacy as "unsoundness of mind." There are many modern Mrs. Partingtons, who delight in full, resounding terms whatever may be their meaning. They seek mouth filling words which have a sound of elegance, although the interpretation gives peculiar significance to the sentences. It is impossible for them to appreciate the value of simple Anglo-Saxon speech. The examination cannot be considered a representative result of the American teacher's acquirements, but it certainly shows that some teachers are not prepared to instruct the young.-Boston Journal. SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT. Parents, teachers, children and directors should co-operate in supplying the school rooms with at least the most necessary furniture and appliances for successful study and teaching. Each one of the above named classes can contribute its quota to this end, and, if all dotheir duty, the school will be measurably well furnishhd. At the door a shoe-scraper and mat are neded. Immediately on the inside, if there is a vestibule, pegs, hooks and nails, for hanging up clothing, a wash-basin and towel, a comb and hair-brush, a mirror, and a supply of water, should be placed. Have no pail of water in the room. to the water pail for a drink is unnecessary and demoralizing. A pitcher and a tumbler, if anything is to be provided for drinking, should be used. Running The following appliances and articles of furniture, besides desks and comfortable seats, are needed: Blackboard surface on three sides ofthe room, plenty of good erasers and chalk (dustless crayons cost a little more, but they save doctor's bills), a dictionary, encyclopedia, and books of reference, globe, charts, maps, pointers, dusting-brush and pan, objects for illustration, kindergraten implements for the small ones, some simple chemical, philosophical and gymnastic apparatus, etc. You may not be able to get all these, but have as many as possible; some may be improvised. Aim high, and if you fall short, it is better than not to make any effert. "Do best and leave the rest, and if at first you don't succeed, try, try, again."-Pennsylvania School Journal. A GREAT COUNTRY. I should be very glad and equally proud to know that this is strictly accurate : It is the proud boast of the New York Commercial Advertiser that the sun never sets on American soil. It says when it is 6 p. m. at Attoo Island, Alaska, it is 9:36 a. m. the next day on the eastern coast of Maine.— "Madison Avenue," in American Notes and Queries. A good question for geography classes. -Pacific Educational Journal. The highest human intelligence and the best human wisdom. are those that can interpret life aright and find the real gain that every loss involves. No loss is irretrievable: and if we have a vital belief that a higher gain may be won from it, we have taken the first and most important step in success, in happiness, and in character.-N. Y. Ledger. TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA. PROFESSOR ALCEE FORTIER. The Tulane University was established in July 1884, but it dates back in reality to 1834 when the "Medical College of Louisiana" was organized. "This was chartered April 2nd 1835, and issued in March 1836 the first degrees in medicine or science ever conferred in Louisiana or the Southwest. In March 1839 it issused its first degrees in pharmacy." The Constitution of 1845 ordained that a University should be established in New Orleans, to be composed of the faculties of law, medicine, natural sciences, and letters, the "Medical College of Louisiona" to constitute the faculty of medi cine. The control of the University was vested in thirteen administrators, of which body the Governor, the Chief Justice, and the Mayor of New Orleans were ex-officio members and the others were appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate. The following facts are taken from a sketch written by Dr. S. E. Chaille, dean of the Medical Department: "It is the oldest medical college in the Southwest. It is, in age the third south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, and the fifteenth in the United States. Only four of the fourteen older colleges exceed in the number of students, the Medical Department of Tulane University, and it ranks, if age and the number of students and alumni be considered, as first in the Southwest and South and fifth in the United States. The professors of the Medical Department are in the front rank of their profession as physicians and surgeons and the success of the college has been remarkable. The number of students in 1890-91 was 407 of whom 105 graduated in medicine and 13 in pharmacy. The Law Department was organized on May 4, 1857 and has also been very prosperous. At the law school the common law is taught but the civil law is made a special study as the Louisiana system of jurisprudence is based principally on the Code Napoleon. In spite of strenuous efforts the Academic Department was not successful before the war. A school was opened in 1847 but as it was supported only by tuition fees and private subscriptions its existence was very precarious The Legislature appropriated $35000 for books, buildings and apparatus but made no regular approprietion for the support of the school, which closed its doors after a few years of struggles for existence. The distinguished J. D. B. DeBow was one of the professors. In 1898 the Academic Department was organized again and met with gratifying success under the able direction of Prof. R. H. Jesse, was President of the University of Missouri. The courses were elective, according to the system of the University of Virginia, and there were three classes, Ju nior, Intermediate, and Senior. A preparatory department or High School was opened in 1879. The Academic Department received from the state $10,000 yearly from 1879 to 1884. By an agreement with the State of Louisiana the Administrators of the Tulane Fund took the University of Louisiana as a basis to establish the Tulane University. The right to ten scholarships for free tuition was given to the Mayor of New Orleans and one scholarship to each senator and representative in the Legislature. By a Constitutional advent voted upon by the people in April 1888 all the property belonging to the Tulane Fund was exempted from taxation. Although founded upon a State institution Tulane University is entirely independent of politics ane the fluctuation of parties. The Governor, the Superintendent of Education and the Mayor of New Orleans are ex-officio members of the Board Administrators, but the other seventeen members were appointed by Mr. Tulane and the Board itself fills vacancies in ts body, ana. It was on April 18th 1881 that Mr. Tulane communicated to Geo. R. L. Gibson his intention of donating his property in New Orleens for the education of the white youth of LouisiGen. Gibson drew e plan by which the Institute was to be put into effect, and Mr. Tulane approved it. "Mr. Tulane's first donation, says Col. Johnston, was valued at about $363,000. He subsequently made other donations, until the amount given by him aggregated $1,060,000. It was his expressed intention to add largely to this sum, but as he died without a will these intentions were never carried out Mr. Tulane died in Princeton, New Jersey, on March 26, 1887. He was born at Cherry Valley, near Princeton, in 1801. His father was a Frenchman who had emigrated to San Domingo, whence he escaped with his wife during the terrible insurrection of the slaves and took refuge in the United States in 1792. Paul Tulane had only an elementary education, having begun commercial life at the age of fifteen. He went to reside in New Orleans in 1822 and by his industry and business capacity soon acquired a large fortune. He lost heavily during the war but was still a wealthy man when in 1873 he removed permanently to Princeton, Paul Tulane was always a friend of education; before his donation to Louisiana he gave on an average about $15000 a year to help deserving young men and women to acquire an education. Although a presbyterian in religious belief he stated expressly that he wished tnat the institution to be founded should be christian in tone but not sectarian. In January 1883 Col. Wm. Preston Johnston was elected President of the proposed institution. He was at that time President of the State University at Baton Rouge and had been a professor under Gen. Lee at the Washington and Lee University in Virginia. When the Tulane University was organized in 1884 the members of the Faculty of the University of Louisiana over all retained their chairs, but a number of other chairs was added and the Faculty greatly increased The elective system of studies was abolished and our regular courses of studies was introduced with the usual college classes, Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior. Tulane University is divided into the University Department of Philosophy and Science, Tulane College, Tulane High School, H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College for Young Women, the Law Department, and the Medical Department. In the University proper the student "must receive the inspiration of the scienlific spirit and pursue his studies by the scientific method, under the guidance, but not under the authority, of a professor." The university work leads to the degrees of Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and the Engineering Degrees. Tulane College offers four courses of study: Classical, Lit erary, Scientific, and Engineering. There is also a spiritual course in Practical Electricity. Each of the four regular courses leads to a baccalaureate degree. An excellent manual training school has been established, and a thorough course in drawing is offered. Tulane High School prepares students for the college; the instruction is given in two parallel and equivalent courses of study, Classical and Literary and Scientific. Prof. Ashley D. Hurt has been head-master from 1884. The H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College for young women is a separate department of Tulane University. It was established in 1886 by Mrs. Josephine Louise Newcomb, formerly an esteemed merchant of New Orleans. The original fund of $100,000 was afterwards increased to $220,000. "It is the aim of the college," says President Brandt V. B. Dixon "to offer to the young women of Louisiana and of the South, educational opportunities similar to those supplied by female colleges of the first rank in the United States, and its various courses of study are devised in accordance with the purpose." The college offers the following courses, classical, scientific and literary and an excellent normal art course. The main building in the Holian style of architecture, is large and beautiful and is located on a large square of ground more than three acres in extent, shaded by numerous live oaks, palms and other trees and shrubbery. In a separate building are well equipped physical, chemical and biological laboratories. The Newcomb College opened in October 1887 with ten students in the college and thirty in a preparatory class. It now has about one hundred students in college and sixty in the preparatory department. The Bachelors of Art of Newcomb College are admitted to the university courses of Tulane University and are accepted as candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts. The Newcomb College is destined to be a most important factor in the development of the higher education of the young women of the South. It is doing good work and its existence should be known to every friend of education of woman in the South. Tulane University, in all its Departments, is expanding every day. Mrs. T. G. Richardson, wife of the honored Dean for many years of the Medical Department has just given $100,000 for a new medical building which will be erected on Canal st.eet in the immediate vicinity ot the great Charity Hospital. A large lot on St. Charles Avenue has been bought for the University and College Departments and commodious buildings will soon be erected. The Board of Administrators is composed of men distinguished in the different professions and the President of the Board is Gen. R. L. Gibson, U. S. Senator. Tulane University has the largest endowment of any college in the South, it has an excellent reputation in the educational world, for its work is honest broad and thorough. ORGANIZE. The teachers of any county of any State in this Union, who are not organized into a County association, are depriving themselves of an incalculable power for their own professional good. The meetings of the association should be managed by the teachers themselves. Numbers are a great consideration, but they arenot essental: Where two or three leading, active teachers are gathered together, there will be profit, mutual improvement and increased professional power in their midst, and that to bless. Do not depend on outside, foreign, "distinguish❞talent for a meeting. This may be called in at times to give added power and interest, but while an association that is not selfsustaining is feeble, it is better than none. The officirs needed are a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Committee. The Executive Committee snould be composed of the association. These three members may be changed every month, to adapt the committe to the neighborhood in which the association meets, if it meets at different places in the country, which is best until the association is permanently and prosperously established when it will found best to meet at the county seat. The programme of the next meeting should be prepared and published at this meeting and no one should be put on it whose consent to serve has not been obtained. Full accounts of these meetings should always appear in the county papers. The Secretary must faithfully see to this. In these reports the effort of home talent, and especially of the younger teachers, should always be praised, and the interest and profit heartily magnified. The public should always be cordially invited to these meetings, but their presence is not essential. The more successful and prosperous the organization, the less will it depend on the pnblic, and the more it will be a teachers' meeting. The President should exert himself, spend money, write postals, talk and push the work. Teachers who will not invest two or three dollars, if necessary, in traveling and other expenses to attend these meetings, should not expect people to invest much in them. Organize, friends, organize, and have good times. —Normal Exponent. THE STUDENT'S FIRST BUSINESS. An experience of fifteen years as an instructor of young men and women has given us some very definite opinions in regard to various matters concerning which we should otherwise have remained in doubt. No theory is worth anything that will not stand the test of actual practice. We make bold to affirm that the chief business of all the students in our schools and colleges is to get the mastery of their text-books. Any departure from this view terminates in consequences that are disastrous to mind and morals. That a sound and genuine scholarship cannot be acquired except by giving heed to this suggestion, is obviously true; and it is equally true that the building up of a strong, steady, self-reliant character is dependent upon attending to the same advice. We are sick of the everlasting insistence that boys and girls should spend much of their time in the miscellaneous reading of papers, magazines and books; they should do nothing of the kind, unless they expect their minds to become mere junk shops. Just as sure are we that popular lectures are speaking. They beget a superficial habit which is inconfar from profitable to persons of the class about which we are sistent with protracted and painstaking study.-Christian Ad vocate. A LITTLE STUDY IN ANATOMY. How many bones in the human face? How many bones in the palm of the hand? HOLMES TO WHITTIER. On the occasion of the eighty fourth recurrence of the birth day of the venerable poet Whittier the following characteris tic letter was among the remembrances of friends: My Dear Whittier: I congratulate you on having climbed another glacier and crossed another crevasse in your ascent of the white summit which already begins to see the morning twilight of the coming century. A life so well filled as yours has been cannot be too long for your fellow-men and women. In their affections you are secure, whether you are with them here or near them in some higher life that theirs. I hope your years have not become a burden, so that you are tired of living. At our rge we must live chiefly in the past-happy is he who has a past like yours to look back upon. It is one of the felicitous incidents-I will not say accidents of my life that the lapse of time has brought us very near together, so that I frequently find myself honored by seeing my name mentioned in near connection with your own. We are lonely, very lonely in these last years. The image which I have used before this in writing to you recurs once more to my thought. We were on deck together as we began the voyage of life two generations ago. A whole generation passed, and the succeeding one found us in the cabin, with a goodly company of coevals. Then the craft which held us began going to pieces, until a few of us were left on the raft, pieced together of its fragments. And now the raft has at last parted, and you and I are left clinging to the soli tary spar, which is all that still remains afloat of the sunken vessel. I have just been looking over the headstones in Mr. Griswold's cemetery, entitled The Poets and Poetry of America. In that venerable receptacle, just completing its half century of existence-for the date of the edition before me is 1842I find the names of John Greenleaf Whittier and Oliver Wendell Holmes next each other, in their due order, as they should be. All around are the names of the dead-too often of forgotten dead. Three which I see there are still among those of the living, Mr. John Osborn Sargent, who makes Horace his own by faithful study and ours by scholarly translation; Isaac McLellan, who was writing in 1830, and whose last work is dated 1886; and Christopher P. Cranch, whose poeiical gift has too rarely found expression. Of these many dead you are the most venerated, revered and beloved survivor; of these few living, the most honored representative. Long may it be before you leave a world where your influence has been so beneficent, where your example has been such inspiration, where you are so truly loved, and where your presence is a perpetual benediction. Always affectionately yours, OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. THE MANNERS OF TEACHERS. At the closing session of the Massachusetts Teachers' Association, recently held in Boston, Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer gave an address on "The Influence of the Teacher's Manners," which contained many points of practical worth. Mrs. Palmer specially urged that teachers be made to realize the importance of refined manners, by which she did not mean mannerisms that may be put on or off like a garment. but that habitual deportment which indicates refined thought and feeling. The beautiful and stimulating effect of manly and womanly grace upon pupils is too often ignored. Teachers are selected who are acquainted with the roots of Greek verbs, the forms of Latin nouns and the principles of higher mathematics. Desirable as these qualifications are, gentleness of manner, unruffled tones and sympathetic bearing are of no less importance. The hold which a teacher has upon pupils is determined far more by these so-called non-essentials than either teacher or pupil is aware. A teacher refined in manners, in dress, in sympathies, is sure to obtain an influence that will work for good long after the pupil has passed from his or her immediate charge. The favorite study of a pupil, and often the profession in life, is determined, not so much b the attractive character of the study itself as by the subtle, magnetic power of the teacher. On the other hand, the cold indifferent manner of teachers; their sharp, shrill tones; their impatient temper; have sent many a pupil from school in ut. ter disgust with anything pertaining to study. Refinement in pupils can hardly be expected where it is lacking in teachers. Some time ago The Herald alluded to the amount of slang used by teachers in our public schools. There has been a marked change for the better in this respect, yet much criticism might still be passed on the brusque off-hand manners of public school teachers. They fail to realize that manner, as well as matter, goes a long way toward success in life, and that the future good of their pupils depends largely on refined courtesy, which should be learned unconsciously from the teacher. Business men well understand how important a pleasing address is to the young man who wishes to obtain a situation, or who wishes to hold it when once it is secured. The young woman who adds to her intelligence a gentleness and a regard for the amenities of life will always be more acceptable socially or from a business standpoint than the one who is careless in speech and coarse in manner. It should be the duty of the teachers to look well to their example in all these matters. Whatever qualifications may be in other respects, no teacher has a right to an appointment in our public schools who is not willing to observe the graces as well as the virtues of civilized life.-Chicago Herald. A WONDERFUL PARROT. A gentleman who has recently returned from Mexico, and who brought with him a parrot which he purchased in Vera Cruz, has been very much astonihsed at some tricks which the bird has learned during the few days he has been in the house The bird's owner, Col. Howard Johnson, occupies a beautiful residence in the suburbs, and Jocko has, from the first, shown the liveliest interest in all his surroundings. It was very soon found that he could not be allowed his liberty in Mrs. Johnson's room, as he at once formed e terrible antipathy to a beautiful panther-skin rug, in which the head is remarkably life-like, and the moment he was released he would make for the rug and begin biting savagely at its eyes and nose. He escaped from his cage one day and almost demolished the nose of the rug, and after that he was chained to his perch. It happened that for several days in succession the perch stood by the wall, close beside the electric bell. When Mrs. Johnson touched the button Jocko took notes, with his head on one side and a most inquiring air, and when the servant appeared immediately afterward Jocko gave a faint croak of astonishment. After witnessing the performance several times it was evident that Jocko began to see some connection between the button and the servant. He spent a great deal of time studying the button, running his beak softly around it and apparently communicating with himself, his mistress watching him meanwhile, greatly amused at his cleverness. At last, whether accidentally or otherwise, Jocko discovered the connection and psessed the button. The next moment a servant appeared, and the little schemer straightened up and said, with great gravity: "Jocko hungry." His mistress' shouts of laughter and the servant's astonishment did not in the least discompose him. He had rung for what he wanted and insisted on having it. The scheme worked well, to Jocko's manifest delight. He rang the bell again before half an hour and remarked to the servant who answered the call: "Well, you're a daisy! Jocko wants wa. ter." Col. Johnson is so delighted with his bird's accomplishments that he invited some friends to visit it last night. Jocko was inclined to sulk at first, but finally brightened up, and was soon working at the button. When the servant entered Jocko poised himself on one toot, swung his body to and fro in a most affected way, and exclaimed: "Hello, Tom, is that you? Bring in another bottle of wine, will you?" Col. Johnson, be it understood, is a church member, and his min ister was present, and the Colonel insists that Jocko caught this trick before he came into his hands.-St. Louis Globe Democrat. THE ORIGIN OF AN OLD SONG. "There have been several versions the origin of 'The Old Oaken Bucket,' says George M. Young in the January New ly believed is as follows: "When Woodworth was Englond Magazine. The most widely circulated and populara journeyman printer in an office on the corner of Chatham and Chambers Streats in New York, near-by in Frankfort Street was a saloon kept by a man named Mallory, where Woodworth and several particular friends used to resort, One afternoon the liquor was unusually excellent, and Woodworth seemed inspired by it, After taking a draught, he set his glass on the table and, smacking his lips, declared that Mallory's eau de vie was superior to anything he had ever tasted. 'No,' said Mallory, 'You are mistaken; there was one thing which in both our estimations surpassed this in the way of drinking.' 'What was that?' asked Woodworth dubiously. "The draught of pure spring water that we used to drink from the old oaken bucket that hnng inthe well, after our return from the field on a hot dey in summer." A teardrop glistened for a moment in Woodworth's eye. 'True, true!' he replied and shortly after quitted the place. He immediately returned to the office, took a pen, and in half an hour 'The Old Oaken Bucket' was ready in manuscript to be embalmed in the memories of succeeding generations." THE LOST DOLLAR. The School News sets this puzzle agoing, and it is not a bad one: One of Two women took each 30 chickens to market. them sold hers 3 for $1, making $10; the other sold hers 2 for $1, making $15, or $25 in all. The grocer said, "I have bought your sixty chickens, half at the rate of 2 for $1 and halt at 3 for $1, equaling five for $2. Five goes in sixty 12 times, and twice 12 is $24," which he paid the women. On this basis of settlement the women lost $1. What became of it? Happy and content is a home with "The Rochester; a lamp with the light of the morning. Catalogues, write Rochester Lamp Co.,New York, |