arguments for assigning this date are familiar to scholars, and we shall not repeat them here. But the interest of the book is wonderfully increased, and its meaning cleared up, if we connect it with the age of martyrdom under the frightful cruelties of Antiochus Epiphanes. Its author "wrote after Jerusalem had fallen into the hands of the apostates exclusively, in some corner of the country, under the dominion of the utmost terrors. It was at this crisis, in the sultry heat of an age thus frightfully oppressive, that this book appeared with its sword-edged utterance, its piercing exhortation to endure in the face of the despot, and its promise full of divine joy, of new and sure salvation. No dew of heaven could fall with more refreshing coolness on the parched ground; no spark from above alighted with a more kindling power on the surface so long heated with a hidden glow. With winged brevity the book gives a complete survey of the history of the kingdom of God upon earth, showing the relations which it had hitherto sustained in Israel to the successive great heathen empires of the Chaldeans, Medo-Persians, and Greeks, -in a word, towards the heathenism which ruled the world" (p. 303). In short, the true parallel and illustration of the prophecy of Daniel is to be found in the heroic story of the Maccabees.

We have made such remarks as have occurred to us in the perusal of this volume, chiefly as suggestions to those who will read it, and make a study of it. For the information of those who do not, we add a word of its shape and substance. The translation of Ewald is an exceedingly difficult task, as we can testify, having tried it in single portions. What had been admirably begun by Mr. Russell Martineau has been continued by Mr. Carpenter with equal evidence of scholarship, fidelity, and skill. It is a task which, in one or another set of hands, has been long in accomplishing: the earlier part of it was waiting a publisher (we were told at the time) nineteen years ago. At that time the sixth volume-fifth of the German edition - had just been published. We suppose it may be looked for before long in English, rendered by the same competent hand, with a companion volume of "Antiquities" by a different translator.

*Geschichte Christus' und seiner Zeit. Göttingen. 1855.

The present volume treats of the following topics: the period of the Captivity, with the relations of Israel to its heathen conquerors, and the preparation going on for its religious revival in the "Hagiocracy;" the Persian period, including the new growth of Jerusalem under Ezra and Nehemiah, and the development of priestly rule; the Greek period, with the development of Hellenistic culture (which included Sadduceeism and the philosophic literature of the "Apocrypha"), down to the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes; the period of the Maccabees, and the rule of the Asmonean kings, their descendants; the rise and reign of Herod, at whose death Judea passed into the condition of a Roman province.

JOSEPH H. ALLEN.

THE OBLIGATIONS OF OUR COUNTRY TO COLLEGE-BRED MEN.

A SERMON.* BY REV. HENRY W. BELLOWS, D.D.

"The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places. How are the mighty fallen!" 2 SAM. I. 19.

THIS is the lament of David over Saul and over Jonathan, his son! A like lamentation was raised in the seat of our most ancient university, on Tuesday last, where the sons of Harvard celebrated, with fresh grief, the loss of her noble children, the beauty of Israel slain upon the high places of a nation's peril, in the conflict which their valor helped to bring to a righteous conclusion. All over the land, stones of memorial have been set up in honor of the brave and patriotic youth that fell in the country's cause in that great and awful day of the Lord that saw this young nation, like Jacob and Esau struggling in the womb, torn with the strife of brother with brother, and rent with the horrors of civil war. And all over the South I have lately seen such monuments as their poverty could afford erected in memory of the bravery and devotion of those who, to us, represented the delusion and madness and treason of fellow countrymen striving to throw of their allegiance to our flag and our common laws, but to themselves the defenders of local rights and invaded states and constitutional prerogatives, men who were at least willing to die for their opinions and their construction of the fundamental law. It was pleasant, even there, to see that valor and self-sacrifice and heroism were held sacred, and to notice that the inscriptions on these monuments were so skillfully worded that they might be read even by a Northern patriot without dissent. True, they meant what is treasonable and destructive of union and national duty, and doubtless the Southerners still put upon them a construction which we cannot respect. But they perpetuate on their face and in their letter only ideas and feelings which are common to all parts of the land; and they will require no change when the happy day arrives when

* Preached in All Souls' Church, New York, June 28, 1874, the Sunday following Memorial Day at Harvard.

the memory of sectional jealousies and our strife is lost, and the South has returned to the hearty and undissembled allegiance which is sure to come in another generation. So, in the sculptured inscriptions in Memorial Hall, at Cambridge, numerous as they are, not one word is found that recognizes the sectional nature of the struggle in which the heroes and martyrs fell whose name and praise are there recorded. It is only patriotism, selfsacrifice, devotion to law, to liberty and duty, that are handed down to perpetual imitation and honor. Probably, the brave soldiers those most maimed and marred — who, on either side the line that marked our awful partition into enemies, yet survive, would be the first to honor the feeling that thus commemorates the heroism of their antagonists, even when mistaken in its aim. I believe that Gen. Grant would weep at the tomb of Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and a hundred other misled but honest and conscience-driven men, who fought him and his armies with unflinching courage and dauntless persistency; and the day will come when the descendants of Lee and Jackson, or the sons of those slain by us at Gettysburg and Antietam, will become grateful scholars at Harvard, and read without murmur or dissent the inscriptions that praise the memory of those that slew them.

There is no monument in the world more touching and appropriate than the Memorial Hall just dedicated at Cambridge! It stands on the old Delta, well remembered by all alumni of Harvard as the scene of that mimic war, in which class rallied against class in the muscular game of foot-ball. How well I recall the onset and melee, the bruised shins and bleeding noses of those fierce struggles for mastery and defense of bounds, and victory for the boldest and strongest! and who shall deny that the passion for bodily exercise and manly sports does something in our colleges, to nourish and maintain the valor and emulation on which the country draws, in times when physical powers must be added to moral courage, to make brave and effective defenders of na tional rights? At any rate, there, upon the ground trodden with the feet of generations of striving antagonists in manly games, now lifts itself the proud and magnificent building that commemorates what the sons of Harvard did, to make the courage and energy of their youthful sports tell upon the rescue of the invaded

peace and liberty and very life of their country. As high as Bunker Hill Monument rises the mighty tower of this temple of memory. For any topographical reason to the contrary I now recall, the banner waving on one height might exchange signals of joy with the one on the other, just as the spirits of our first revolution are in full sympathy and union with those of our second and greater. Inlaid in the walls of the majestic hall of entrance, on which glorious windows of stained glass throw tints of blood and gold, -the hall by which every approach must be made to the vast refectory on one side, already in use, and the great theatre on the other, designed for commencement and other crowded occasions, and soon to be erected (the lacking funds were made up as soon as the deficiency was announced on Memorial day), inlaid, I say, in the walls of this lofty resonant hall, exquisite in its design, its roof, its staircase, and its floor,are the spotless marble tablets, one for each class fortunate enough to have contributed a life to the sacrifice, which bear the names of the fallen heroes who left the peaceful studies of Harvard, or the callings they had there fitted themselves to fill, for the country's urgent need, and died in the field, or from the wounds and diseases there encountered. The future students of Harvard cannot approach their daily meals, nor visit the great lecture room of the theatre, without passing by these stones of testimony. Their teaching must necessarily sink into their hearts. There are no influences more subtle, more pervading, more lasting, than those which proceed from the monuments of valor, worth, and selfsacrifice; and the nation that does not thus keep its youth perpetually at school to patriotism, courage, and public duty, and the knowledge and praise of heroic goodness, must not expect to rear generations that shall maintain what nobler predecessors have won for them. Economical beyond all other outlay, the costly monuments of the nobler dead; and feeble and shallow the policy that would ever associate some vulgar utility with the box of alabaster broken upon the head of heroes and martyrs. The use of gratitude and worship must not be weighed in the grocer's scales, nor calculated by arithmetic; and when we set up statues to Shakespeare and Schiller and Humboldt, to Morse and Clinton, Lincoln and Sumner, we know that their shadows will fall with healing