CHAP. XI. CISTA CEA. HELIANTHEMUM. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 96. Branches blackish grey, hairy, toSpec. Char., &c. Much branched, erect. mentose at the apex. Leaves almost sessile, obtuse, keeled, tapering to the base, obscurely greyish, tomentose. Flowers terminal, panicled. Pedicels 1-3-flowered, very short. Calyx of 3 sepals, very hairy, Petals cuneated, distinct. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) A suffruticose bush, seldom growing higher than 2 ft.; found in the west of France, near Bourdeaux, and introduced into England in 1800. The leaves are small, nearly sessile, very glaucous. The petals are of a bright yellow; and the plant flowers from June to August, or later. It is commonly kept in a green-house or pit, in pots; but it will stand in the open air, if planted near a wall or fence, protected during Plants of it were in the Chelsea Botanic Garden severe weather by mats. in 1828. 7. H. SCABRO`SUM Pers. The rough Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Leaves sessile, Spec. Char., &c. Erectish. Branches pilosely to- 68 8. H. ALGARVE'NSE Dun. The Algarve Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Spec. Char., &c. Stem branched. Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; 9. H. FORMO'SUM Dun. The beautiful Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Leaves Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches tomentosely villous, canescent. of flowers from the beginning of May to the end of July. It ripens seeds in abundance; but, as Sweet remarks, “the colour of the flowers varies considerably on different plants," and therefore the seeds should always be saved from those of the brightest colours. Plants are to be procured in all the London nurseries. 10. H. ATRIPLICIFO`LIUM Willd. The Orache-leaved Helianthemum, 01 Sun Rose. Identification. Willd. Enum., 569.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches white from leprous tomentum. Leaves stalked, broad-ovate, bluntish, waved at the base, covered with leprous tomentum on both surfaces. Peduncles racemose, hairy. Calyx hairy, 3-sepaled, rarely 5-sepaled, with the two outer ones very minute. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) A shrub growing to the height of 3 ft., with leaves like those of 'triplex Halimus; introduced from Spain in 1826, and producing its yellow flowers in June and July. Mr. Sweet observes, in 1829, that this species, he believes, has "quite disappeared from our collections." 11. H. LASIA'NTHUM Pers. The hairy-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 76.; Don's Mill., i. p. 302. Synonyme. Cistus lasianthus Lam. Dict., 2. p. 19. Engraving. ? Barrel. Icon., t. 289. Spec. Char., &c. Stem suffruticose, and much branched. Branches dark-cinereous, at top tomentosely hairy. Leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong, often blunt, keeled, of an obscure greyish colour, tomentose. Peduncles 1-2-flowered, hairy, very short. Calyx usually 3-sepaled, very hairy. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) A shrub 3 ft. high, from Spain, introduced in 1826, and producing its yellow flowers in June and July. 12. H. INVOLUCRA TUM Pers. The involucrated-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 76.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Spec. Char., &c. Branched, erect. Branches rather greyish, tomentose. Lower leaves stalked, somewhat ovate, small, hoary-tomentose; upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile, greenish, and roughish. Peduncles very short, surrounded by the leaves. Calyx 5-sepaled, inner ones hoary-tomentose, outer ones linear, smoothish, and greenish. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) An erect shrub, 2 ft. high, from Spain and Portugal, in 1826, which produces its yellow flowers in June and July. 13. H. CHEIRANTHOI DES Pers. The Wallflower-like Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 76.; Don's Mill., I. p. 303. Synonymes. Cistus cheirantholdes Lam. Dict., 2. p. 19.; ? Cistus elongatus Vahl. Symb., 1. p. 58. Cistus halimifolius, ii., Clus. Hist., 1. p. 71. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 107. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, branched; younger branches villously tomentose, hoary. Leaves tomentose, hoary, oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalks. Peduncles very short, 2-flowered. Calyx somewhat villous, 5sepaled, outer sepals very minute. (Don's Mill., i. p. 303.) An erect handsome bushy shrub, growing to the height of 3 ft., and producing yellow flowers, without dark spots on the petals, in July and August. This very handsome species, Sweet observes, was in the Bristol Nursery in 1828. 14. H. CANDIDUM Swt. The white-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 25.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 303. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 25. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches leprously white. Leaves, which are obovatelanceolate, equally white on both surfaces, and tapering to the base; somewhat stalked, upper surface pilose, under s urface scabrous from papillæ, rather 3-nerved; floral ones opposite, sessile, and green on both surfaces. Peduncles long and rather panicled, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs. Calyxes with 3 or 5 acute sepals, villous. Petals imbricated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 203.) A shrubby, erect, much branched plant, from Spain, with bright yellow flowers from June till August. When it was introduced is uncertain, but in 1826 it was in the Fulham Nursery, under the name of H. algarvénse. It is somewhat tender, but a highly ornamental species, the flowers resembling those of Calliópsis bícolor. 15. H. HALIMIFO`LIUM Willd. The Sea-Purslane-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Willd. Enum., 569.; Swt. Cist., t. 4.; Don's Mill., i, p. 303. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, branched. Branches leprously white at the top, as well as the leaves, on both surfaces. Leaves on very short footstalks, ovateoblong, tapering to the base. Peduncles long, branched, somewhat panicled, leprously white. Calyx leprous, 5-sepaled, two outer ones very narrow, linear. (Don's Mill., I. p. 303.) An erect bush, growing to the height of 3 ft.; found in Spain and Portugal by the sea-side, and cultivated in England since 1656; producing beautiful yellow flowers, spotless, or each marked with a small dark bloody spot at the base, in July and August. It is somewhat tender during winter, but grows freely during summer, and ripens abundance of seeds. Plants of it were in Colvill's Nursery in 1826. De Candolle notices a variety with obtuse leaves. § ii. Lecheöìdes Dec. Prod., i. p. 269. Derivation. From Lechèa, and eidos, appearance; plants with the habit of some species of Lechèa. Sect. Char. Calyx 5-sepaled, 2 outer sepals narrow, linear, 3 inner ones acute, with scarious margins. Petals yellow. Style almost wanting, or very short, erect. Stigma large, capitate. Ovary triangular. Capsule smooth, shining, 3-valved, 1-celled. Seeds rufescent, small. Stems herbaceous or suffruticose, ascendant or erect, usually dichotomous. Lower leaves opposite, cauline ones alternate, feather-nerved, on short footstalks or sessile, without stipules. (Don's Mill., i. p. 303.) The species included in this section have generally very small flowers; and, as remarked below, their flowers are frequently apetalous. A. Peduncles many-flowered. Flowers small, crowded. 16. H. CORYMBO'SUM Micha. The corymbose-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 307.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 303. Spec. Char., &c. Suffruticose, branched, erect. Branches dichotomous, rather pubescent, somewhat tomentosely cinereous at the top. Cauline leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish; under surface clothed with woolly tomentum; upper leaves with revolute margins. Corymbs fastigiate, crowded. Calyx tomentosely hairy, canescent; outer sepals linear, blunt; inner ones ovate acute, somewhat shorter than the capsule. (Don's Mill., i. p. 303.) This species is one of the few belonging to the order which are natives of America, having been found by Michaux in New Jersey and Georgia. It grows to the height of about 1 ft., and produces its (?) yellow flowers in July and August. We are not aware of its having been introduced into England. 17. H. GLOMERA TUM Lag. The glomerate-flowered Helianthemum, or Identification. Lag. in Litt.; Swt. Cist., t. 110.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 303. flowered Helianthemum. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 110.; and our fig. 69. Spec. Char., &c. Suffruticose, erect, somewhat dichotomous. Branches rather tomentosely cinereous. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering to the base; under surface hoary. Racemes axillary or terminal, manyflowered, smaller than the leaves. Flowers glomerate. (Don's Mill., i. p. 303.) Found wild near Acapulco and Cimupan, in New Spain. Seeds of it were brought to England from Mexico, by Mr. Bullock, in 1823. It is a low but erect undershrub, scarcely reaching 1 ft. in height, and producing very small or apetalous 69 69 flowers, in July and August. Mr. Sweet remarks that all the species belonging to this section (Lecheoides), when they flower in the spring and early in the summer, produce flowers with petals; whereas, when they flower in autumn, they are apetalous. The species in question (H. glomeràtum), he says, had, in his garden, its shoots killed back a good way in winter, so that it did not flower till the autumn, and was, therefore, apetalous, like fig. 69. Had the plant been protected during the winter, it would, most probably, he says, have produced plenty of perfect flowers in spring, as is the case with H. polygalæfòlium, H. brasiliense, H. carolinianum, and the other American species. B. Peduncles 1-flowered, bractless, situated on the Branches. 18. H. BRASILIE'NSE Pers. The Brazilian Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 77.; Swt. Cist., t. 43.; Don's Mill., 1. p 30S. Synonymes. Cistus brasiliensis Lam. Dict., 2. p. 22.; Cistus alternifolius Vahl. Symb., i. p. 38. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 43.; and our fig. 70. Spec. Char., &c. Suffruticose. Branchlets simple, hairy. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, sessile, hairy. Peduncles and calyxes hairy, canescent. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, inner sepals ovate, acuminated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 303.) A low shrub, found on the mountains of Brazil, introduced in 1823, and producing bright yellow flowers in June and July. It scarcely reaches 1 ft. in height, and might almost be considered as herbaceous. It is rather tender, and is best preserved when grown in pots, and taken into a frame or green-house during the winter. Plants of it were in the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, in 1826, where it flowered in the spring of that year, with petals, as in fig. 70., and in the autumn of the same year, without petals. Other Species belonging to this Division of Lecheöìdes. 70 H. polygalefolium Swt. Cist., t. 11., from Brazil, in 1823, with white flowers, and growing to the height of half a foot. H. ástylum Moc. and Sesse, a native of New Spain, has not been introduced; and H. tripétalum and H. obcordatum Moc. and Sesse, both from Mexico, are also but little known to botanists, and not in cultivation in British gardens. Derivation, unknown. iii. Tuberària Dec. Prod., i. p. 270. Sect. Char. Calyx 5-sepaled, 2 outer sepals smaller or larger, usually spreading. Petals yellow, often marked with a dark purple spot at the base of each, entire, denticulated, serrated. Stamens numerous, much longer than the pistil. Style straight, almost wanting. Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds minute, yellowish. Roots woody or herbaceous. Stems erect or ascendent. (Don's Mill., i. p. 304.) There is only one ligneous species in this section. 19. H. LIGNO SUM Swt. The woody Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 46; Swt. Hort. Brit., p. 469. No. 88.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 304. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 46.; and our fig. 71. Spec. Char., &c. Stem tetragonal, shrubby, clothed with rough scaly bark. Branches ascending, covered with hispid hairs. Leaves ovate-oblong, ending in the petiole, 3-nerved, also beset with hispid hairs, canescent; under surface nerved, upper surface furrowed; floral leaves sessile, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, uppermost ones alternate. Pedicels few, furnished with bracteas at the base, rather panicled, about the length of the calyx. Petals CHAP. XI. CISTA CEE. HELIANTHEMUM. obovate, distinct, spreading. (Don's Mill., i. p. 304.) A shrub about a foot high, a native of the south of Europe, producing its yellow flowers in July and August. Introduced in 1809, by Mr. George Don, in whose father's garden, at Forfar, it was cultivated for many years; but whence he obtained the seeds Mr. Don is uncertain. It is a very curious species, and merits a place in collections of the genus. iv. Eriocárpum Dec. Prod., i. p. 273. Derivation. From erion, wool, and karpos, a fruit; because the capsules are pilose. Sect. Char. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sepals beset with silky hairs on the outside, or rather tomentose, shining on the inside; the 2 outer ones minute, linear, the 3 inner ones ovate, furnished with 4-5 stripes. Petals a little longer than the calyx. Style erectish, bent at the base. Ovary pilose, or villous. Capsule pilose. Seeds numerous, rufescent, small. Subshrubs with round branches, younger ones clothed Rawith cinereous pubescence. Leaves opposite and alternate, bluntish; under surface cano-cinereous. Stipules linear, shorter than the footstalks. cemes secund, small, opposite the leaves. Flowers crowded, small, sessile, or larger on short pedicels. (Don's Mill., i. p. 306.) Erect and trailing undershrubs. 20. H. LIPPII Pers. Lippi's Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 78.; Vahl. Symb., 1. p. 39.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 306. Spec. Char., &c. Stem erect, pubescent, whitish, somewhat bifid, or dichotomous. Leaves opposite 21. H. SESSILIFLO`RUM Pers. The sessile-flowered Helianthemum, or Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 78.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 306. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, much branched. Branches pubescent. Leaves opposite and alternate, linear, 22. H. KAHI RICUM Del. The Cairo Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Del. Fl. Egyp., t. 31. f. 2.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 307. Spec. Char., &c. Stem much branched, twisted at the base. Branches ascendant. Lower leaves op- Derivation unknown. § v. Fumana Dec. Sect. Char. Calyx twisted at the apex before expansion, 5-sepaled; 2 outer sepals narrow, small; 3 inner ones ovate, acuminated, 4-5-veined, with scarious margins. Petals yellow, small, almost twice the length of the sepals. Stamens few. Style straight, rather longer than the stamens; when in flower oblique, after flowering erectish. Stigma capitate, fringed, somewhat 3-lobed. Capsule 3-valved, open, spreading. Seeds few, blackish or rufescent, angular. Stems suffruticose. Leaves linear, sessile, BB |