horsechestnuts, red cedars, arbor vitæs, laurels, bays, &c., which probably were planted in or previously to 1730. (See Index, Cedar, &c.)

In the preface (after praising the temperature of the British climate; the Royal Society, Charles II., and William III., and also Malpighius, Grew, Ray, &c., are complimented, as having paved the way for the improvement of gardening. "The profits and innocent delights of this art," they say, "have allured into it many learned and curious persons, nobility and gentry;" and these "have not contented themselves with the narrow compass and mean stock of our former poorly furnished gardens, but they have industriously procured, from abroad, trees, plants, flowers, and fruit, not only from our own plantations in America, but those also of other parts of Europe, nay, even Asia and Africa. Among these generous procurers of plants, &c., we cannot," the Society add, "forbear mentioning the following worthy persons:

"First, Dr.Compton, late Bishop of London, who was an early introducer of exotic trees and plants, many of which were grown to a considerable size in the open air, in those formerly wellstocked gardens at Fulham, most of which have been since destroyed, to the great regret of many curious persons.

"Much about the same time Samuel Reynardson, Esq., began to furnish his fine gardens at Hillingdon, near Uxbridge, with a great variety of curious plants, which his great correspondence abroad enabled him to procure from divers parts of the world; but, as he kept them for the most part confined to pots and tubs, preserving them in green-houses in winter, never attempting to naturalise them to our climate, so, soon after his death, that valuable collection was dispersed, as at present to be hardly known what he was possessed of.

"In the like manner, also, the curious Dr. Uvedale of Enfield did, by his great correspondence abroad, collect a very valuable parcel of plants and flowers, which he, with great skill and care, maintained for many years; and some of the valuable trees were planted in the full ground, where they are now (1730) remaining; but the bulk of his collection was sold to Sir Robert Walpole, soon after the doctor's death.

"Her Grace the Duchess of Beaufort did also collect a numerous quantity of rare plants into those famous gardens of Badmington, where she preserved and maintained them with great care in wonderful beauty for many years; but this collection also consisted chiefly of the most tender exotic plants.

"The Earl of Pembroke began about the same time to plant those magnificent gardens at Wilton, with all the different varieties of curious exotic trees and shrubs as would endure the cold of our climate in the open air; in which His Lordship hath

so well succeeded, as to have the best collection of those trees, which are advanced to a considerable size, that can be found now growing in any one garden in this kingdom: and it was from examples of this kind that people were encouraged to make further trials of what plants, trees, flowers, and fruits could be brought to thrive in our climate without the trouble and expense of housing in winter; and it has been from repeated trials and experiments of this kind, that the many noble trees, fruits, and flowers now in England have by degrees been naturalised to our coarse climate, to the no small pleasure of all the delighters in the innocent divertisements of gardening.

"Nor should we, in mentioning particular persons, forget the many various gentlemen which at present are carrying this spirit of gardening to a considerable height, by introducing many new kinds of plants, flowers, trees, and fruits, and in making many curious experiments concerning their culture and uses; from all whose observations and experiments we may daily expect something new in the business of gardening and vegetation; amongst which persons are, the Earl of Islay, Lord Wilmington, Sir Charles Wager; Sir Harry Goodrick, Bart., in Yorkshire; the Reverend and Honourable Lumley Lloyd, Esq., at Cheam, in Surrey; Henry Trelawney, Esq., at Buttshead, near Plymouth; Henry Marsh, Esq., at Hammersmith; George Dennis, Esq., in Cornwall; Dr. Beeston, of Ipswich; Mr. James Sherard, of Eltham, in Kent; Topham, of Windsor; Mr. Peter Collinson, with several others, too many to be here enumerated. "But to none of the before-mentioned persons is England more indebted for introducing trees, plants, flowers, and fruits, than to the learned and ingenious Charles Dubois, Esq., of Mitcham, who has not only been very industrious to procure plants from abroad, but also as generous in communicating whatever his garden would afford, as also many useful observations relating both to their culture and uses, to all delighters in planting and gardening; and it is to him that we are greatly indebted for many valuable trees and plants which enrich this catalogue.

"And after mentioning the particular persons to whom England is thus indebted for introducing so many valuable trees, plants, flowers, and fruits, we cannot in justice omit to mention the establishing of the public botanic garden at Chelsea, by the worshipful company of Apothecaries of London, not only for medical instruction, but also for introducing still a greater variety of trees and plants." Afterwards, when speaking of botanic gardens, it is observed by the Society, that there is only one in England which deserves the name, and that is, "that of Chelsea, maintained at the expense of the worshipful company of Apothecaries." (p. viii.) The reader is next taught what he is to expect; viz., an exact catalogue of the several sorts of trees

and shrubs, which will endure to be planted in the open air in England, which are to be found in the several nurseries near London," arranged in alphabetical order, and with short descriptions. The preface is signed by the twenty "gardeners and nurserymen" composing the Society, among which are Fairchild of Hoxton, Furber of Kensington, Miller of the Physic Garden, Chelsea, Gray of Fulham, and F. and S. Hunt of Putney.

Some of the patrons of gardening in the above enumeration have been already mentioned, and of the others we know but little. Spencer Compton, speaker of the House of Commons in 1714, and afterwards Earl of Wilmington, was a near relative of Bishop Compton. He died in 1743. Lewis Kennedy, one of the founders of the Hammersmith Nursery, was gardener to him in 1739. Sir Charles Wager had a residence at Parson's Green, where he introduced the scarlet maple (which was then called Wager's maple) in 1725. A Magnolia grandiflòra flowered in his garden in 1737. He died in 1743. Collinson says that a tulip tree, which had been raised from a seed which he gave Sir Charles Wager, flowered for the first time when it was thirty years old, in 1756; and Lysons mentions a cedar of remarkable growth, which grew near the house, in Sir Charles's garden. (Environs, &c., ii. 829.) The grounds at Mitcham, which belonged to Mr. Dubois, are now (Jan. 1835) the property of Mr. Blake, an auctioneer at Croydon. Dubois's house has been long since pulled down; but another has been built, which is occupied by Mrs. Beckford. In the grounds a number of the trees planted by Mr. Dubois still remain. Among these are a very large weeping willow; a nettle tree, with branches covering a space 50 ft. in diameter, and with a trunk 6 ft. 8 in. in circumference. The extremities of the branches hang down nearly to the ground; and on Jan. 10. 1835, when we had the tree examined, the spray was still covered with dark purple berries, rather larger than those of the common hawthorn. There is a pinaster, with a clear trunk about 40 ft. high; the girt, about 3 ft. from the ground, 9 ft.; and the total height 60 ft. The cracks in the bark of this tree are from 6 in. to 8 in. deep. There is a very old, large, and handsome mulberry tree, the branches of which cover a space of 60 ft. in diameter; it bears abundantly every year. Besides these, there are very large and old Scotch pines; a large old stone pine; large Prùnus Mahaleb; a fine Ptèlea trifoliata; a stag's horn sumach, with a trunk 6 ft. in girt; an old Bignonia radicans; a large arbutus, and some other fine specimens. Dubois died in 1740, aged 83 years.

The following is an abridged list of the above-mentioned catalogue of the Society of Gardeners, with the modern names, as given in our Hortus Britannicus, as far as we have been able to ascertain them:

F

1. Ranunculacea. Clématis Vitálba, V. simple-leaved,? cirrhòsa, ? flórida; Viticélla, blue; V., blue, double; V., purple; Viórna.

2. Magnoliacea. Liriodendron Tulipífera, also "the laurel leav'd tulip tree."

3. Berberideæ. Bérberis vulgàris, v. white-fruited, v. seedlessfruited, canadensis.

4. Cistineæ. Cistus ladaníferus albiflòrus, 1. maculatus, ? latifolius,? cyprius, ? incànus, sp.

5. Malvacea. Lavátera O'lbia, triloba, "Althæa, frutescens Bryoniæ folio. C.B.P. 316." Hibiscus syriacus, red-flowered, s., purple-flowered; s., white-flowered; s., striped-flowered; s., striped-leaved.

6. Tiliacea. Tilia europæ`a; e., variegated-leaved; platyphýlla, parvifòlia, pubescens.

7. Hypericineæ. Hypéricum hircinum, ? canariénse.

8. Acerineæ. Acer Pseudo-Plátanus; Pseudo-Pl. variegated-leaved; campéstre, platanöìdes; pl. variegated-leaved ; rubrum (“the Virginian flowering maple," &c.); and another sort of "the Virginian flowering maple." Negúndo fraxinifolium.

9. Hippocastaneæ. 'sculus Hippocastanum; H., with leaves variegated with yellow; H., with leaves variegated with white; Pàvia rùbra.

10. Vites. Vitis vulpìna, ? Labrusca ("the wild Virginian grape "); and these varieties of vinífera, "the parsley-leav'd vine," "the blotch'd-leav'd vine," and "the strip'd-leav'd vine." Ampelópsis bipinnata and hederacea.

11. Zygophylleæ. Meliánthus major and minor.

12. Xanthoxyleæ. Ptèlea trifoliàta, Cneòrum tricóccum. 13. Rutaceæ. Rùta gravèolens, ? angustifòlia; ? an., var. "the [silver] strip'd narrow-leav'd;" chalepénsis.

14. Ilicineæ. Tlex Aquifolium, 33 varieties of, whose characteristics are given; vomitòria, "South Sea thea tree;" sp. ("Aquifolium; Carolinianum, angustifolium, spinis raris brevissimis." Carolina holly, with smooth leaves.

15. Staphyleàceæ. Staphylèa pinnàta and trifòlia.

16. Celastrineæ. Euonymus europæ`us and latifolius.

17. Rhamneæ. Rhamnus Alatérnus; A., blotched-leaved; Clùsii; C., gold-edged-leaved; C., silver-edged-leaved; Frángula, catharticus, ? infectòrius, sp. (" Rhamnus; spinis oblongis, cortice albo, Monspeliensium. J. B., vol. i. pars 2.31.") Paliùrus aculeatus.

18. Anacardiacea. Rhús Cotinus, typhìna, Toxicodéndron, radicans, ? vérnix, Coriària myrtifòlia, Pistàcia Terebinthus and officinarum.

19. Leguminosa. Gleditschia triacánthos, Robínia viscosa, sp. ("Acacia, Caroliniana, aquatica, Abruæ folio, spinis rarioribus.

Water acacia.") Pseud-Acàcia with rough pods, Pseùd-Acàcia with smooth pods. Amorpha,? fruticosa; Colùtea arborescens, Sutherlândia frutéscens; Cytisus scoparius, sp. (? sessilifòlius ? nigricans), alpinus, ? alpinus var., Labúrnum, álbus; Dorýcnium suffruticosum, Coronilla E'merus, E'merus?" minor," Ulex europæ`a and nana, Genísta ánglica, Medicàgo arbòrea, Wistària frutéscens; Cércis Siliquástrum, canadensis, sp. ("Carolina pointed-leav'd Judas tree" this is given as distinct from the previous two); Spártium júnceum.`

20. Amygdaleæ. Amygdalus commùnis; c., bitter-kerneled; c., tender-shelled; c., white-flowered; Armeniaca vulgaris, and a striped-leaved variety of it; Cérasus Pàdus, P. the Cornish variety; the Flanders cluster cherry, the double-flowered cherry tree, the double-flowered cherry with very large flowers, the black cherry or mazzard, the common wild or honey cherry, the wild northern English cherry, the garden cherry with the leaf elegantly striped; Mahaleb, Laurocérasus, L. with the leaf variegated with yellow, L. with the leaf variegated with white; Persica vulgàris, double-flowered; Amygdalus nàna and pùmila; Prùnus spinosa, insitítia; i., white-fruited; and the following varieties of, we assume, doméstica: "the damson," "the great violet damson," "the strip'd [leaf] perdrigon plumb," " the strip'd [leaf] muscle plumb," "the cherry plumb," "Christmas plumb or winter creke," and a kind "flore pleno."

21. Rosacea. Rosa canina, villòsa, sp. allied to villòsa, spinosíssima and two varieties of it, rubiginosa and var. flòre plèno, sp. or var. ("Rosa, rubra, multiplex. C. B. P."), cinnamòmea, c. fl. pl.; lutea, lùtea punícea, sulphurea, turbinata, sempervirens, moschata; m., double-flowered, " rose without thorns," "the Virginian briar," álba and varieties of it; and these ornamental varieties of other species, the single damask, the double damask, the York and Lancaster, the red Belgick, the blush Belgick; the single Provence, the damask Provence, the red Provence, the common Provence, the moss Provence, the Dutch hundred-leaved; the single velvet, the double velvet, the rosa mundi, the marbled, the royal virgin, "the monthly rose," "the strip'd monthly;" Potentilla fruticosa; Spiræ a salicifòlia, opulifòlia, hypericifòlia; Rùbus fruticòsus; fr., white-fruited; fr., variegated-leaved; cæ`sius, idæ us; i., white-fruited; i., the late red; odoratus, "the upright Pennsylvania bramble, or rasp→ berry," "the Virginian black raspberry."

22. Pomacea. Pyrus Aria, "the white beam tree with long leaves and small red fruit," " the red chess apple, or English wild service;" Sorbus ("the pear-shaped true service"); S., "the round late-ripe service;" aucupària, a. " foliis ex luteo variegatis," torminàlis, Màlus," the strip'd [leaf] crab tree," "the strip'd [leaf] apple tree," "the paradise apple," "the figg apple,"