Billeder på siden
PDF
ePub

Location of teachers' seminaries in the Kingdom of Saxony. [Area, 5,787 square miles; population, 3.599,513.]

•For Men.

O " Women

Location of teachers' seminaries in the Kingdom of Bavaria.

[Area, 29,177 square miles; population, 5.589,382.j

Location of teachers' training schools in the Kingdom of Würtemburg.

[Area 7,531 square miles; Population 2,035,443.]

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

DIAGRAM 25.-Showing number of "normal" students in teachers' training schools in the United States for the period 1880-87, and the number of "professional" students in the same class of schools during the period 1887-90, also the number of graduates (normal or professional).

[graphic]

CHAPTER X.1

CURRICULA OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.

If a certain number of individuals have a common quality that may be represented in numbers a statistical table may be formed. But if this common quality is expressed in a very general way, such as by the term "medical students in 1889-90," it will happen that students who are pursuing a three-years course of medicine count for as much as those who are pursuing a four-years course. It is therefore quite as important to know what and how the students in medicine for 1889-90 were taught as to know how many of them were taught in medical schools during that period.

In taking up in order the several classes of professional schools, the requisites for admission to them will be considered first, then their curricula. Statistics for the last ten years have been given in the preceding chapter, and those for the year 1889-90 will appear in full detail in the chapter which follows.

MEDICINE.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.

If we begin by inquiring what was required of the applicant for matriculation in 1880-81, it is shown by an inspection of the announcements and catalogues of about 80 medical schools that the situation was, in general terms, as follows:

Ten had examinations for admission covering several subjects and 14 employed some slight tests of an applicant's fitness to study medicine. The subjects of examination were elementary physics in 8 schools, arithmetic in 7, elementary Latin in 5, grammar in 4, geography in 4, algebra in 4, geometry in 3, and history in 2. Grammar and composition were determined usually from the papers submitted. The amount of physics required was generally a knowledge of Balfour Stewart's Primer of Physics or its equivalent. The Latin requirements were varied, and were intended to show the familiarity of the applicant with declensions, conjugations, common words, and simple constructions. Algebra to quadratic equations and two books of geometry were usual requirements in these branches. The Michigan College of Medicine allowed a substitution of either Greek, French, German, botany, or zoology in place of other studies mentioned above (except Latin). French, German, algebra, geometry, and botany were alternative subjects at Harvard Medical School, on one of which the candidate must be examined. Botany and chemistry, as found in the Science Primers, were required by the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary. College diplomas, degrees from scientific schools, graduation from acceptable high schools and academies, and licenses to teach public schools were among the proofs of a candidate's fitness which were accepted in lieu of examination. In the Medical School of Missouri University all students before entering the senior class were required to pass a satisfactory examination on English grammar, rhetoric, history of the United States, and arithmetic through common fractions.

In examining the announcements of the requirements demanded of matriculates, in 1890 the reader is struck with the very frequent use of the expression "all the branches of a good English education," to which is added in the majority of cases including mathematics, English composition, and elementary physics or natural philosophy." The phraseology varies, however: sometimes it is a "fair English education:" in other connections it is the "common-school

1 Prepared by Mr. Wellford Addis, specialist in professional education.

« ForrigeFortsæt »