air let into the furnace in order to fan the flame and impart to it a gentle melting power. The H in anhelo, being dropt in anneal, is compensated by the duplication of the liquid N. The difficulty of explaining the word 'unanealed,' or 'unannealed,' in the speech of the ghost of Hamlet's father, might be solved by referring it to this Etymon.-Unanealed, that is to say, not breathed upon by the minister of presumed forgiveness and final absolution." [Anhelare is compounded of an, (for ad,) to or upon, and halo, I breathe or cast out a vapour.]

Annex, annexo, (see NECTO,) I join to.

Annihilate, (nihil or nihilum, nothing,) signifies to reduce
to nothing.

Annotations, annoto, (noto, 1 note,) I mark upon. Anota-
tions are explanations or remarks added to books.
Announce, annuncio, (see NUNCIO,) I deliver a message to.
Appeal, appello, (pello, I drive,) drive to. To appeal,

with us, signifies to remove a cause from an inferior to
a superior court or judge, when a person thinks him-
self aggrieved by the sentence of the inferior judge.
Appeals lie from all the ordinary courts of justice to
the House of Lords.

Appear, appareo, (pareo, I show,) I show to; I become

visible.

Appendix, appendeo, (see PENDEO,) I hang to. Something added to.

Appetite, appeto, (see PETO,) I seek earnestly.

Applaud, applaudo, (see PLAUDO,) I praise greatly. "What a man does calls forth applause; but the man himself is mostly received with acclamations." See ACCLAMATION, Part I.

Application, apply, from applico, (see PLICO.) To knit one thing to another; figuratively, to employ one's time or attention about any object. "Whoever applies his mind to the contemplation of nature, and the works of creation, will feel himself impressed with sublime and reverential ideas of the Creator."

Apposition, appono, (see PoNo,) I place to.

Appraise, appreciate, are compounded of ap, (for ad,) to, and pretium, a price, and signify to set a price or value on a thing. Appraise and appreciate are used in precisely the same sense for setting a value on any thing, according to relative circumstances; but the one is used in the proper and the other in the figurative sense: a sworn Appraiser, appraises goods according to the condition of the article and its saleable property; the characters of men are appreciated by others when their good and bad qualities are justly balanced. Apprehend, apprehendo, (prehendo, I seize,) which is used in the same manner as the uncompounded word prehendo. Apprehend is used in a moral sense also: "Our natural sense of right and wrong produce an apprehension of merited punishment when we have committed a crime." Blair.

Approbation, approve, (see PROBUS.) Approbation is a species of assent; however, to approve is not merely to assent to a thing that is right, but to feel it positively; to have the wiil and judgment in accordance. Appropriate, (proprius, particular or private,) to consign to some particular use or person.

Approve. See APPROBATION.

Approximate, (proximus, near,) to draw or bring near. Arrogate, from arrogo, (see Roco.) To ask for or assume to one's self. Nothing exposes men more to ridicule than arrogating to themselves distinctions which do not belong to them.

Ascend, ascendo, (see SCANDO,) I climb up to a point. Ascribe, ascribo, (see SCRIBO,) I direct my writing to some particular person. It is generally used in a moral sense: sometimes we ascribe to ourselves the merit of good qualities which, if justly considered, would cover us with shame.

Aspect, aspecto, (see SPECIO,) I look earnestly at an object.

Asperse, from aspergo, which, like the simple verb spergo,

(see SPARGO,) whence it is compounded, signifies to sprinkle or stain with spots. With us, usperse is

used only in a moral sense, and means to fix a stain upon a person's character: if I speak slightingly of my neighbour, and insinuate any thing against the purity of his principles, or the rectitude of his conduct, I asperse his character.

Aspire, from aspiro, (see SPIRO,) is used with us in a moral sense only: we aspire after that which we think ourselves entitled to, and flatter ourselves with gaining an emulous youth aims at acquiring the esteem of his teacher; he aspires to excel all his competitors in literary attainments. Assent, from assentio, (see SENTIO,) signifies to bring one's mind or judgment to a thing. Assent, respects the judgment; consent, the will. Some men give their hasty assent to propositions which they do not fully understand; and their hasty consent to measures which are very injudicious. It is the part of the true believer not merely to assent to the Christian Doctrines, but to make them the rule of his life. Those who consent to a bad action are partakers in the guilt of it. Asseverate, (see SEVERUS.) "Asseverations are strong affirmations, made in cases of doubt, to remove every impression disadvantageous to one's sincerity." Crabb, "I judge in this case as Charles the Second victualled his navy with the bread, which one of his dogs chose of several pieces thrown before him, rather than trust to the asseverations of the victuallers." Steele. Assiduous, assido, or assideo, (see SIDEO,) I sit close to, Assideo, signifies also, I sit as a judge; whence assessor, which is at present applied principally to one who determines the amount of taxation. Assiduous and sedulous, both express the act of sitting close to a thing; but the former may be employed on a partial occasion, the latter is always permanent. We may be assiduous in our attentions to a person; but we are sedulous in the important concerns of life.

Assign, assigno, (see SIGNUM,) I set a sign upon something. Assign is used principally in a moral sense: "That conduct is absurd for which no reason can be

assigned." "It is the part of a wise prince to assign the highest offices to the most worthy."

Assimulate, assimulo, (see SIMILIS,) I make like to. Assist, assisto, (see SISTO,) I stand near to another, in order to give him aid. "To help and assist, respect personal service rendered to another, the former by corporeal, the latter by corporeal or mental labour: one servant helps another by taking part in his employment; one author assists another in the composition of his work. Help is necessary for one who has not strength to perform his task; assistance is necessary when a person's time or talent is too much occupied to perform the whole of his office." Crabb.

Associate, associo, (see Socro,) I unite myself to another. Assuage, compounded of as (for ad), to, and suasi, perfect tense of suadeo, to use mild means in argument, in order to convince. [Suavis, sweet or mild; suavitus, suavily or mildness of manners.] Assuage, is used in a moral sense to indicate a lessening of something painful : "Religion can assuage the bitterest griefs by affording us the brightest prospects of future bliss." Assume, assumo, (see Sumo,) I take to my own use. Astonish. Tonitru, is the Latin for thunder; tono, I make a great noise like thunder. The compound word attono, whence astonish, signifies to strike, as it were, with the overpowering noise of thunder.

Attain, attineo, (see TENEO,) I hold to (a thing.) "To acquire is a progressive and permanent action; to attain, is a perfect and finishing action: we always go on acquiring; but we stop when we have attained." Attend, attendo, (see TENDO,) I bend the mind to a particular object. We attend to a speaker when we hear and understand his words; we mind what is said when we retain it in our minds; and we regard what is said by dwelling and reflecting on it.

Attract, attraho, (see TRAHO,) I draw towards. That is attractive which draws the thoughts towards itself; that is alluring which awakens desire; that is engaging which takes possession of the mind.

Attest, attesto, (testes, a witness,) I bear witness to a thing.

Attribute, attribuo, (see TRIBUS,) I bestow upon, or attach to a thing what belongs to it. The quality of a thing is that which is inherent in it; the property of a thing is that which belongs to it for the time being; the attribute is the quality which is assigned to any object: thus we say, goodness and mercy are attributes of the Almighty.

CIRCUM.

FROM circus, a circle or ring, was formed the preposition CIRCUM, which signifies, in English, about or around. Circumambient, (ambio, I move about.) This word is scarcely used but as an adjective applied to air; thus we say, "the circumambient air."

Circumambulate, (ambulo, I walk,) I walk round about. Circumference, (see FERO,) the line which surrounds and includes any thing.

Circumflex, (see FLECTO.) In grammar, the term circumflex is applied to an accent, serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and grave. The acute raises the voice, and the grave falls or lowers it; the circumflex is a kind of undulation or wavering of the voice between the two. The circumflex accent is made thus a.

Circumfluent, (see FLUO,) flowing round any thing. Circumjacent, (see JACIO,) lying round about. Circumlocution, (see LOQUOR,) denotes a circuit or compass of words, used either when a proper term for expressing any subject naturally and immediately does not occur, or when a person wishes to avoid something disagreeable, inconvenient, or improper to be expressed in direct terms.

Circumnavigate, (see AGO,) to sail round.