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Green (J. R.), History of the English People. 4 vols. London, 1877-80. The Making of England. New ed. London, 1897.

Grinling (C. H.), History of the Great Northern Railway. London, 1897.

Gross (C.), The Gild Merchant: a Contribution to British Municipal History. 2 vols. 8. London, 1890.

Haggard (H. R.), Rural England. 2 vols. London, 1902.

Hall (W. È.), A Treatise on the Foreign Powers and Jurisdiction of the British Crown 8. Oxford, 1894.

Hamilton (Sir R. V.), Naval Administration. London, 1896.

Hasbach (W.), Die englischen Landarbe.ter in dem letzten hundert Jahren Leipzic, 1894. Heart, The, of the Empire (City Life in England). By various writers. London, 1901. Heath (R.), The English Peasant. London, 1893.

Hertslet (Sir E.), Treaties of Commerce and Navigation, &c., between Great Britain and Foreign Countries. London.

Highways and Byways Series. In Progress. London.

Holdsworth (E. W. H.), The Sea Fisheries of Great Britain and Ireland. 8. London, 1883. Hull (E.), Our Coal Reserves at the close of the 19th Century. London, 1897. Hutchins (B. L.) and Harrison (B. A.), History of Factory Legislation. London, 1902. Ilbert (Sir C. P.), Legislative Methods and Forms. Oxford, 1901. James (W.), The Naval History of Great Britain. 6 vols. Jane (F. T), All the World's Fighting Ships. Naval Annual. London. Boston, Mass., and Paris. [In English, French, German, and Italian].-The Torpedo in Peace and War. London, 1898.-The Port Guardship. London, 1899.

London, 1886.

Jenks (E.), Parliamentary England: Evolution of the Cabinet System. London, 1903. Jenkyns (Sir H ), British Rule and Jurisdiction beyond the Seas. Oxford, 1902. Jewish Historical Society, Transactions of. London, 1895, &c.-Russo-Jewish Committee, Statistics of Jewish Population in London, 1873-93. London, 1894.-Jewish

Year Book. London.

Jones (R. J. C.), The British Merchant Service [History]. London, 1898.
Jose (A.), The Growth of the Empire. 3rd ed. London, 1901.

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society of London. Quarterly. London.
Joyce (H.), History of the Post Office down to 1836. London, 1893.
King (C.), The Story of the British Army. London, 1897.

Lavisse (E.) et Rambaud (A.) (Editors). Histoire générale. Tomes X. XI., XII. Paris, 1899.
Lean's Royal Navy List. Quarterly. London.

Lecky (W. E. H.), History of England in the 18th Century. 8vols. London, 1887-1895, History of Ireland in the 18th Century. New edition. 5 vols. London, 1892.

Leclerc (Max), L'Education et la Societé en Angleterre. 2 vols. Paris, 1894.

Lee (W. L. M.), History of the Police in England. London, 1901.

Loch (C. S.), The Annual Charities Register and Digest. London.

Low (Sidney), The Governance of England. London, 1904.

Lozé (Ed.), Les Charbons Britanniques et leur Epuisement. 2 vols. Paris, 1900.

Lucas (C. P.), Historical Geography of the British Colonies [a series of volumes, with Introduction on the Origin and Growth of the English Colonies and of their System of Government, by H. E. Egerton]. London.

MacCarthy (J.), History of our own Times, 1873-97. 5 vols. London, 1879-97.
Mackinder (H. J.), Britain and the British Seas. London, 1902.

The

Mahan (Capt. A. T.), The Influence of Sea-Power upon History. London, 1890. Influence of Sea-Power upon the French Revolution and Empire. 2 vols. 8. London, 1892. The Life of Nelson. 2 vols. London, 1897.

Maltbie (M. R.), English Local Government of To-day. New York, 1897.

May (Thomas Erskine), Constitutional History of England. 2 vols. 8. London, 1861-63. Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings, and Usage of Parliament. 10th Edition. 8. London, 1893.

Molesworth (Rev. W. N.), History of England, 1830-74. 5th Edition. 3 vols. 8. London, 1874 Montmorency (J. E. G. de), The Progress of Educatfon in England. London, 1904. Moran, Theory and Practice of the English Government, London, 1903. Morley (Rt. Hon. J.), Life of William Ewart Gladstone. 3 vols. London, 1903. Navigation, Report of Proceedings of Conference on Ireland, at Birmingham, February 12, 1895. Newcastle, 1895.

Navy Records Society, Publications of.

[In progress.]

[1899.

Neve (E), L'Administration d'une Grande Ville (London). Bruxelles, 1901. Nicholls (Sir G.), History of the English Poor Law. New Edition. 3 vols. 8. London, Odgers (W. B.), Local Government. In English Citizen' Series. London, 1899. Odgers (W. B.) and others, A Century of Law Reform. [12 Lectures.] London, 1901. Official Year-Book of the Church of England. Annual. London. O'Meara (J. J.), Municipal Taxation at Home and Abroad. 8. London, 1894. Oppenheim (M.), History of the Administration of the Royal Navy. Vol. 1. 1509-1660. London, 1897.

Ostrogorski (M.), Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. [Eng. Trans. 2 vols. London, 1903.

Overton (J. H.), The Church in England. 2 vols. London, 1897.

Page (W.), (Editor), Victoria History of the Counties of England. London. [In progress.] Parmentier (J.), Histoire de l'Education en Angleterre. Paris, 1896.

Pascoe (C. E.), London To-Day. London, 1897.

Pendleton (J.), Our Railways: their Origin, Development, Incident and Romance. 2 vols. London, 1896.

Pike (L. O.), A Constitutional History of the House of Lords. 8. London, 1894.-A Political History of the House of Lords. London, 1901.

Redlich (J.), Local Government in England. [Trans. by F. W. Hirst.] London, 1903. Reid (S. J.), (Editor), The Queen's Prime Ministers: A series of Biographies. 9 vols. London.

Rogers (J. E. Thorold), Industrial and Commercial History of England. 8. London, 1892. Six Centuries of Work and Wages. London, 1890. History of Agriculture and Prices. Oxford, 1902.

Ross's Parliamentary Record. Annual. London.

Ross (H. M.), British Railways. London, 1904.

Rousier (P. de), The Labour Question in Great Britain. [Translation.] S. London, 1896. Rowntree (B. S.), Poverty: A Study of Town Life [York]. 4th ed. London, 1902.

Salis (H. R. de), A Chronology of Inland Navigation in Great Britain, &c. London, 1897. Sanders (W. J.)and Ackland (T. G.), Digest of the Results of the Census of England and Wales in 1901. London, 1903.

Sanderson (E.), The British Empire in the 19th Century. 6 vols. London, 1898.
Scientific Societies of Great Britain, Year-Book of. Annual. London.

Seeley (Sir J. R.), The Expansion of England. London, 1883. The Growth of British Policy. 2 vols. London, 1895.

Seignobos (C.), Histoire politique de l'Europe contemporaine. Paris, 1897. [Eng. Trans. 2 vols. London. 1900.]

Shaw-Lefevre (G. J.), Agrarian Tenures. 8. London, 1893. English Commons and Forests. 8. London, 1893.

Simon (Sir J.), English Sanitary Institutions.

2nd ed. London, 1897.

Smith (Goldwin), The United Kingdom; a Political History. London, 1899.
Social Life in the British Army. By a British Officer. London, 1900.

Spalding (T. A.) and Canney (T. S. A.), The Work of the London School Board. London, 1900.

Spence (H. D. M.), The Church of England. 4 vols. London, 1897. [In progress.]
Stanford's Handbooks for England and Wales. London.
Stenzel (Captain), The British Navy. London, 1898.

[progress.] Stephen (L.), and Lee (S.), (Editors), Dictionary of National Biography. London. [In Stephen (Sir J. F.), History of the Criminal Law of England. 3 vols. London, 1883. Stephens (T. A.), Contribution to Bibliography of the Bank of England. London, 1897. Stretton (C. E.). History of the Midland Railway. London, 1901.

Stubbs (Professor), A Constitutional History of England, in its Origin and Development. 3 vols. 8. London, 1877.

The English Citizen, his Rights and Responsibilities. A series of volumes by various authors. London.

Taylor (Hannis), The Origin and Growth of the English Constitution. 2 vols. London, 1889-99.

Thursfield (J. H.), and Clarke (Sir G. 8.), The Navy and the Nation.
Todd (Al.), On Parliamentary Government in England. 2 vols. 8.
Torrens (W. M.), History of Cabinets. 2 vols. 8. London, 1894.
Traill (H. D.), Social England. 6 vols. London, 1893-1896.
Turner (B. B.), Chronicles of the Bank of England. London, 1897.
Warren (H.), The Story of the Bank of England. London, 1902.

London, 1897.
London, 1887-89.

Webb (S. and B.), History of Trade Unionism. [Contains Bibliography.] 8. London, 1894. Industrial Democracy. London, 1897.

Wells (L.E.), Map of the Canals and Navigable Rivers in England and Wales. London, 1894. Also a Paper on the Canals, &c., of England in Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society for 1896, p. 157. Manchester.

Whelen (F.), London Government. London, 1898.

Wiart (E. C. de), Les Grandes Compagnies Anglaises du XIXe siècle. Bruxelles, 1899. Wilkinson (S.), War and Policy. London, 1900.

Williams (F. H.), Our Iron Roads. 7th ed. London, 1897.

Williams (H.), A Short History of the Growth of the British Navy, from the Earliest Times to Trafalgar. London, 1894-98.

White (W.), Inner Life of The House of Commons, 1860-70. 2 vols. London, 1897. Wolseley (Viscount), The Standing Army of Great Britain. In "Armies of To-Day" Series. London 1893.

Wright (R. S.), and Hobhouse (H.), Outline of Local Government and Local Taxation in England and Wales. 2nd ed. London, 1898.

Zimmermann (A.), Die Europäischen Kolonien. 2 Band. Berlin, 1899.

SCOTLAND.

Baddeley (J. B.), Thorough Guide Series: Scotland. 4 parts. London.
Bell (Sir J.), Glasgow: Its Municipal Organisation, &c. Glasgow, 1896.

Black's Guide to Scotland. East Central. London, 1904.

Burton (J. H.), History of Scotland. New ed. Edinburgh, 1897.

Craik (Sir H.), A Century of Scottish History. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1901.

Dron (R. W.), The Coal Fields of Scotland. London, 1902.

Goodrich-Freer (A.), Outer Isles. London, 1902.

Graham (H. G.), Social Life of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century. 2nd ed. London, 1900. Ker (W. P.), Local Government in Scotland. London, 1904.

Edinburgh. [In progress.]

Kerr (A. W.), History of Banking in Scotland. 2d. ed. London, 1902.
Jackock (H. M.), The Church in Scotland. London, 1891.
Mackay (Eneäs), (Editor), County Histories of Scotland.
Mackenzie (W. C.), History of the Outer Hebrides. London, 1903.
MacPherson (J.), History of the Church of Scotland.
Paton (J.), Scottish History and Life. Glasgow, 1902.
Penney (S. M.), Handbook for Travellers in Scotland. 8th ed. London, 1903.
Rankin (J.), Handbook of the, Church of Scotland. 4th ed. London, 1888.

Paisley, 1901.

Scottish Banks and Bankers. By Moneta. Edinburgh, 1904.

Skene (W. F.), The Highlanders of Scotland. Stirling, 1902.

Wright (A.), History of Education & of the old Parish Schools of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1898.

IRELAND.

Baddeley (J. B.), Thorough Guide Series: Ireland. 2 parts. London.

Cooke (J.), Handbook for Travellers in Ireland. 6th ed.

London, 1902.

Davitt (M.), The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland. London, 1904.

Duffy (Sir C. Gavan), Young Ireland: A Fragment of Irish History (1840-45). Final revision. London, 1896.

Falkiner (C. L.), Studies in Irish History and Biography. London, 1902.

Gannon (J. P.), A Review of Irish History in Relation to the Social Development of Ireland. London, 1900.

Johnson (C.), The Isle of the Shamrock. London, 1901.

Joyce (P. W.), Social History of Ancient Ireland. 2 vols. London, 1903.

MacCarthy (M. J. F.), Five Years in Ireland. London, 1901.-Priests and People in Ireland. Dublin, 1902.-Gallowglass or Life in the Land of the Priests. Landon, 1904. Morris (M. O'C.), Hibernia Hodierna, London, 1898.-Ireland, 1798-1898. London, 1898. Murray (Alice E.), History of the Commercial and Financial Relations between England and Ireland. London, 1903.

O'Brien (R. B.), The Life of Charles Stewart Parnell, 1846-1891. 2 vols. London, 1898. -A Hundred Years of Irish History. London, 1902.—Studies in Irish History (1649-1775). Dublin, 1904.

O'Brien (W. P.), Local Government in Ireland. 8. London.- The Great Famine in Ireland and a Retrospect, 1845-95. London, 1896.

O'Donnell (F. H.), The Ruin of Education in Ireland and the Irish Fanar. London, 1902. Olden (F.), The Church in Ireland. 8. London, 1892.

Plunkett (Sir H.), Ireland in the New Century. London, 1904.

Russell (T. W.), Ireland and the Empire, 1800-1900. London, 1901-
Schindler (M. C.), En Irlande [Letters to the Temps]. Paris, 1904.
Smith (R. J.), Ireland's Renaissance. Dublin, 1904.

WALES.

Baddeley (J. B.), Thorough Guide Series: Wales. 3 parts. London.

Baring-Gould (S.), A Book of North Wales. London, 1903.

Borrow (G.), Wild Wales: its People, Language, and Scenery. New ed. London, 1901. Bund (J. W. W.), The Celtic Church of Wales. London, I897.

Edwards (0. M.), Wales. [In Story of the Nations Series.] London, 1901.

Rhys (J.) and Jones (D. Brynmor), The Welsh People. London, 1900.

ISLE OF MAN AND THE CHANNEL ISLANDS.

Statistical Abstract for the Isle of Man. Annual. Liverpool.

Statistical Abstract for the Isle of Man (Manx Official Publication). Annual. Liverpool. Black's Guide to the Isle of Man. London, 1896.-Guide to the Channel Islands. 11th ed. London, 1902.

Boland (H.), Les Iles de la Manche. Paris, 1904.

Brown's Guide to the Isle of Man. 14th ed. 8. Douglas, 1894.

Caine (T. H. Hall) The Little Manx Island. 8. London, 1891.

MacCulloch (Sir E.), Guernsey Folk Lore. London, 1903.

Mahé de la Bourdonnais (Count A.), Voyage dans l'Isle de Man. Paris, 1894.

Moore (A. W.), Sodor and Man. [Diocesan History.] 8. London, 1893.-History of the Isle of Man. 2 vols. London, 1900.

Walpole (Spencer), The Land of Home Rule. 8. London, 1893.

Wimbush (H. B.) and Carey (Edith F.), The Channel Islands (painted and described).

London, 1904.

DEPENDENCIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

In the following pages the various sections of the British Em pire outside the United Kingdom are arranged in alphabetical order under the divisions of the world to which they belong :1. Europe; 2. Asia; 3. Africa; 4. America; 5. Australasia and Oceania.

The Colonies proper form three classes: (1) The Crown Colonies, which are entirely controlled by the home government ; (2) those possessing Representative Institutions, in which the Crown has no more than a veto on legislation, but the home government retains the control of public officers; and (3) those possessing Responsible Government, in which the home government has no control over any public officer, though the Crown appoints the Governor and still retains a veto on legislation.

The total expenditure of the Mother Country in connection with the Colonies and Protectorates (exclusive of India) amounts to over three millions sterling annually, mostly for grants in aid and administrative expenditure.

According to the Army Estimates for the year 1904–05, the total effective strength of the British forces in the colonies, exclusive of India, and in Egypt, was 72,137 of all ranks. The distribution of regimental establishments, including colonial corps, was as follows:- Gibraltar, 5,489 men; Malta, 11,546 (including Royal Malta Artillery, 735); Cyprus, 133; South Africa, 21,576; Mauritius, 3,605 (including colonial corps, 2,048); St. Helena, 530; Sierra Leone, 2,670 (colonial, 2,423); Egypt, 5,593 (Royal Malta Artillery, 124); Halifax, N.S., 1,785; Esquimault, B.C., 362; Bermuda, 3,092; Jamaica, 1,755 (colonial, 989); Barbados and St. Lucia, 1,546 (colonial, 587); Ceylon, 1,826 (colonial, 265); Straits Settlements, 2,763 (colonial, 1,215); Hong Kong, Wei-hai-Wei, &c., 7,793 (colonial, 5,689); not detailed, 73; total, 72,137 (colonial, 14,075). The British forces in India in 1904-05 were put at 74,657 of all ranks.

The contributions from colonial revenues in aid of military expenditure were estimated as follows for the year 1904-05 :— Ceylon, 134,0007.; Mauritius, 26,500l.; Hong Kong, 121,500l. ; Straits Settlements, 218,3007.; Malta, 5,0007.; Natal, 4,0007.; West African Colonies, in respect of military expeditions and surveys, 5,2007,; Canada, in respect of Esquimault, 22,1007. ; total, 537,2007. India contributes (1904-05) 326,000l. for home effective charges for forces serving in India, and 90,000l. for deferred pay for service on Indian establishment. The contribution from the Government of Egypt amounts annually to 87,000l.

EUROPE.

GIBRALTAR.

Governor.-Lieut-General Sir William Nicholson, K.C. B., R. E., salary, 5,000l. sterling. Colonial Secretary.-Fred. Evans, C.V.O., C. M.G.

The Rock of Gibraltar is a Crown colony, situated in 36° 6' N. latitude and 5° 21′ W. longitude, in the Province of Andalusia, in Spain, commanding the entrance to the Mediterranean. The Governor, who is also Commanderin-Chief, exercises all the functions of government and legislation. Area, 13 square mile ; greatest elevation, 1,439 feet. Population (1901), civil, 20,355; military, 6,475; total, 26,830. Settled population mostly descendants of Genoese settlers. Average births per 1,000 of fixed civil population, 23:37. Deaths per 1,000 of fixed civil population, 16:20. Religion of fixed population mostly Roman Catholic; one Protestant cathedral and four Roman Catholic churches; annual subsidy to each communion, 5007. Several private English schools; Government aided elementary schools, 13 (10 Roman Catholic). Pupils, 2,149 in 1903-1904. Government grant, 1,7177. One magistrate's court and a supreme court. In 1903 there were 7 convictions of serious crime, and 454 summary convictions.

Chief sources of revenue:-Port dues, rent of Crown estate, excise, postoffice, &c. Branches of expenditure :-Government civil establishments, administration of justice, public works, &c. Contribution by Home Government, nil. Industries unimportant. There are no import duties except on ale, wine, spirits, and tobacco, and on these articles the duties are low.

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Military expenditure by Imperial Government (1903), 386,8497. Government savings-bank, with 3,683 depositors and 1,594,348 pesetas and 62,2407. deposits (1903).

Gibraltar is a naval base and position of great strategic importance, which is now being largely increased in strength and stability by extending and completing the existing mole, and building a detached mole. A deep harbour of 260 acres is being formed, and for the new dockyard some 50 acres of foreshore and water area have been reclaimed. A torpedo-boat camber is included in the scheme, and the harbour will be made secure against torpedo attack. The length of the three new docks is as follows: 850 feet (double), 550 feet, and 450 feet. There will be additional coal stores at the Admiralty mole, and a large coaling island is being formed. In 1903 the total tonnage of vessels entered was 3,896, 623, of which 2,627,713 was British. Three miles of internal telegraph under military, and about one mile under the Eastern Telegraph Company. Postal communication daily with England. Branch post-offices at Tangier, Laraiche, Rabat, Casablanca, Mazagan, Mogador, Saffi, Fez, and Tetuan. There is cable communication with the Continent, Tangier, the Mediterranean, Eastern ports, and England, via Eastern Telegraph Company's lines.

The legal currency is that of Great Britain; but Spanish money continues to be freely current.

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