The value of the trade (including diamonds) with the United Kingdom, during five years is returned by the Board of Trade as follows: Imports into U. K. from Colony Exports of British produce to Colony 8,380,547 9,336,711 11,691,663 16,737,847 17,676,375| In the last five years the imports of wool-sheep and goats'-into the United Kingdom from Cape Colony were as follows: Among the minor imports into Great Britain from the colony in 1903 were copper ore, of the value of 443,3347.; feathers, chiefly ostrich, of the value of 959,2251.; and skins, hides, and furs, 557,9617. The exports of British produce to the colony comprised mainly apparel and haberdashery, of the value of 2,561,4797.; cotton manufactures, of the value of 1,096,9157.; iron, wrought and unwrought, 2,517,8717.; leather and saddlery, 1,150,4027. ; machinery and mill work, 1,501,3667.; woollen goods, 882,0457.; coal, 429,5457.; railway carriages, 672,335l.; wood-work, 417,3277. Shipping and Navigation. The number of vessels which entered inwards in 1903 was 1,577, of 5,565,484 tons (1,158, of 4,878,825 tons British), and coastwise 1,402, of 5,151,730 tons; the number cleared outwards was 1,644, of 5,690,115 tons (1,180 of 4,942,337 tons British), and coastwise 1,409, of 5,224,782 tons. Total registered shipping of colony, January 1, 1904 :-Steamers, 47, of 8,639 tons; sailing, 5, of 331 tons; total, 52, of 8,970 tons. Internal Communications. The There are over 8,000 miles of road in the colony proper. On December 31, 1903, the railways open for traffic comprised 2,516 miles of line owned and worked by Government, 588 miles owned by the Rhodesia Railway Company but worked by Government, and 291 miles owned and worked by private companies. At the same date there were 57 miles of line under construction with Government subsidy for private companies. capital expended on Government railways to the end of 1903 was 25,737,1827., showing a cost per mile of 10,2291. The gross earnings in 1903 were 5,329,8687., and expenses 3,898,3267. The number of passengers conveyed in 1903 was 22,295,680, and tonnage of goods, 2,464,276 (of 2,000 lbs.). The Government railways have a 3ft. 6in. gauge, except one line of 47 miles (open for traffic) and one of 179 miles (under construction), which have a 2ft. gauge. The private lines have a 3ft. 6in. gauge, except the Africa Copper Mining Company's line of 101 miles, which has a 2ft. 6in. gauge. The number of post-offices in the colony at the end of 1903 was 963; the postal revenue in 1903 amounting to 513,2277., and the expenditure 513,9687. The total number of letters posted in 1903 was 44,086,478, newspapers, 11,062,532, post cards, 1,222,027, books and sample packets, 3,609,652, parcels, 605,735. The telegraphs in the colony comprised 7,812 miles of line, with 29,774 miles of wire and 528 offices, at the end of 1903. The number of messages sent was 3,946,619 in 1903. The telegraphs were constructed at the expense of the Government. The revenue in 1903 was 260,8987. (exclusive of the value of free work) and expenditure 251,3127. Banks. The following are the statistics of the banks under trust laws in the colony : 1 Exclusive of bills issued for collection. Money, Weights, and Measures. The coins in circulation within the colony are exclusively British. All accounts are kept in pounds, shillings, and pence. = The standard weights and measures are British, but the following old Dutch measures are still used:-Liquid Measure: Leaguer imperial gallons; half aum = 15 imperial gallons; anker gallons. Capacity: Muid = 3 bushels. = about 128 71⁄2 imperial The general surface measure is the old Amsterdam Morgen, reckoned equal to 2.11654 acres; 1,000 Cape lineal feet are equal to 1,033 British imperial feet. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning the Cape Colony. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Blue-book on Native Affairs. Annual. Cape Town. The various Blue-books and Correspondence relating to the Cape and South Africa generally, published at intervals by the Home Government. Cape of Good Hope Statistical Register. Annual. Cape Town. Cape Town. Results of Census of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 1891. Cape Town, 1892. Colonial Office List. Annual. Financial Statement. London. Annual. Cape Town. 1pin, C.M.G. Annual Report of Director Illustrated Official Handbook. History, Productions, and Resources of the Cape of Good Hope and South Africa. By J. Noble. London and Cape Town, 1893. Précis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope: Journal, 1699-1732. H. C. V. Leibbrandt. Cape Town, 1897. Edited by Reports of the various Government Departments. Annual. Cape Town. Statistical Abstract for the several Colonies and other Possessions of the United Kingdom. Annual. London. Of the voluminous official papers relating to Cape Colony, the following are of historic interest: Reports, &c., of Commissioners on the Government, Finances, &c., at the Cape, 1826-29.-Papers on the Condition and Treatment of the Natives, 1835.-On Representative Government for the Colony, 1846, 1850-53, 1870.-On Kaffraria, 1836-37, 1837-45, 1847-58, 1866, 1874-76.-On Union of the South African Colonies and States under one Government, 1875-78, 1888.-On the Cape and Griqualand West (Diamond Mining, &c.), 1872-76, 1876-77.-On the Zulu War (Cetewayo, &c.), 1878, 1879, 1880. (Detailed lists of these and other documents will be found in the catalogues issued by Messrs. King, Parliamentary Booksellers, Westminster.) 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Argus Annual and South African Directory. Cape Town. Aubert (G.), L'Afrique du Sud. Paris, 1899. Brown (A. S. and G. G.), Guide to South Africa. London, 1894. Bryce (J.), Impressions of South Africa. 3rd edition. London, 1899. Bryden (H. A.), The Victorian Era in South Africa. London, 1897.-History of South Africa, 1652-1903. London, 1904. Burton (A. R. E.), Cape Colony for the Settler. London, 1902. Campbell (C. T.), British South Africa: A History of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 1795-1825. London, 1897. Cappon (J.), Britain's Title in South Africa. London, 1901. Chalmers (R.), A History of Currency in the British Colonies. London, 1893. Cumming (R. Gordon), The Lion Hnnter of South Africa. 8th edition. London, 1904. Ferryman (A. F. Mockler), Imperial Africa. Vol.III. British South Africa. London, 1898. Fritsch (Dr. Gust), Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrika's ethnographisch und anatomisch beschrieben. 4. Breslau, 1872. Froude (J. A.), Oceana. London, 1886. Gibbons (A. St. H.), Africa from South to North. 2 vols. London, 1904. Henkel (C. C.), History, Resources, and Productions of the Country between Cape Colony and Natal. [The Transkeian Territories.] London, 1903. Hollway (H. C. S.), Bibliography of Books relating to South Africa. In Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. Vol. X., Pt. 2. Cape Town, 1898. Holub (Dr. Emil), Seven Years in South Africa. London, 1881. Johnston (Sir Harry), History of the Colonisation of Africa by Alien Races. Cambridge, 1899. Keane (A. H.), Africa, Vol. II. South Africa. London, 1895. Kidd (D.), The Essential Kaffir. London, 1904. Kinsky (Count C.), The Diplomatist's Handbook for Africa. London, 1898. Knight (E. F.), South Africa after the War. London, 1903. Lucas (C. P.), Historical Geography of the British Colonies. Vol. IV. Oxford, 1899. Mac Nab (F.), On Velt and Farm in Cape Colony, Bechuanaland, Natal and the Transvaal. London, 1897. Mackenzie (John), Austral Africa; Losing it or Ruling it. 2 vols. London, 1887. Molteno (P. A.), Life and Times of Sir J. C. Molteno. 2 vols. London, 1900. Morgan (B. H.) and others, Reports on South African Trade. 3 vols. London, 1902-03. Nicholson (G.), Fifty Years in South Africa. London, 1898. Noble (John), The Cape and South Africa. Cape Town, 1878. Ortroz (F. Van), Conventions Internationales Concervant L'Afrique. Brussels, 1898. Rees (W. L.), Life of Sir George Grey, K.C.B. 2 vols. 8. London, 1893. Reunert (Th.), Diamonds and Gold in South Africa. 8. London, 1893. South African Year-Book. London. Statham (F. R.), Blacks, Boers, and British. London, 1881. Theal (G. M.), History of South Africa 1486-1872. 5 vols. 8. London, 1888-93.-South Africa. 4th edition. London, 1899.-Progress of South Africa in the Century. Edinburgh, 1902. Trollope (Anthony), South Africa. 2 vols. 8. London, 1878. Trotter (Mrs. A. P.), Old Cape Colony. London, 1903. Wallace (R.), Farming Industries of Cape Colony. 8. London, 1896. Williams (G. F.), The Diamond Mines of South Africa. London, 1903. Wilmot (A). The Story of the Expansion of South Africa. 2nd edition. London, 1897.-Book of South African Industries. Cape Town, 1892.-History of our own Times in South Africa. 2 vols. London, 1898. Worsfold (W. B.), The Story of South Africa. London, 1898. CENTRAL AFRICA PROTECTORATE (BRITISH). The British Central Africa Protectorate, constituted as such on May 14, 1891, lies along the southern and western shores of Lake Nyasa, and extends towards the Zambezi. It is administered under the Colonial Office by H. M. Commissioner, the cost of administration being met by a grant in aid from the Imperial Government largely supplemented by the local revenue. Legislation is by Ordinances made by the Commissioner, and justice is administered in a High Court which has jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters, and also as a Court of Admiralty. There are subordinate and special courts where required. The area of the Protectorate is 40,980 square miles, divided into twelve districts, in each of which are two or more administrative officials. In 1904 the population consisted of 481 Europeans, and about 990,000 natives, the native population being estimated from the number of huts according to the collectors' returns, three persons being counted to each hut. The chief settlement is Blantyre, in the Shire Highlands, with a population of about 150 Europeans and 6,000 natives. In the same region, or on the Shiré river, are Zomba (the seat of the Administration), Chiromo, Port Herald, Chikwawa, Katunga, Fort Anderson, Fort Lister, Mpimbi, Liwonde, and other settlements; on Lake Nyasa are Fort Johnston, Fort Maguire, Rifu, Kotakota, Bandawe, Chintechi, Nkata, Likoma, Deep Bay, and Karonga. The Shiré province contains most of the European population of the Protectorate. Good roads are being made in all directions, and life and property are safe. The natives throughout the Protectorate seem well off and contented. They are largely of the Mohammedan religion, and in South Nyasa most of the Yao villages have mosques. Nine missions are at work. Altogether, about 30,000 natives are under instruction. The climate, though not salubrious for European settlers in general, is healthier than many parts of tropical Africa. Within the Shiré province coffee is cultivated, but for several years unfavourable crops, low prices, and defective means of transport have caused a decrease in the output; in 1903-04, 714,743 lbs. were exported. Tobacco cultivation is increasing; the export, after local demands were supplied, amounted in 1901-02 to 14,369 lbs.; in 1902-03 to 17,604 lbs. ; in 1903-04, to 28,915 lbs. The prospects of cotton cultivation are also very promising. The natives to the South of Lake Nyasa are taking to the work, and the acreage under cotton is extending. Cotton of high quality can be grown profitably in the Protectorate so long as the price in the home market is over 4d. per lb. In 1902 the total quantity exported was 692 lbs.; in 1903, 56,886 lbs.; in 1904, from 8,000 acres the crop was expected to reach 1,800,000 lbs.; in 1905, with larger acreage, the crop will probably be doubled or trebled. Rice is grown to perfection, and the cultivation of wheat, recently introduced, promises to be successful. Oats and barley thrive on the uplands, where horses also prosper. The trade ports are Port Herald and Chiromo (Lower Shiré), and Kotakota (Lake Nyasa). The imports, exports, local revenue and expenditure (financial estimates for 1903-04) for years ended March 31, are given as follows: Import duties generally are at the rate of 10 per cent. ad valorem ; on spirits 12s. per proof gallon. Machinery, agricultural implements, materials for railways and roads, carriages, coffee, manures, and live stock are free. The imports consist chiefly of textiles, hardware and provisions; the exports are coffee (17,8687. in 1903-04), cotton, tobacco, strophanthus, bees' wax, rubber, chillies, and earth-nuts. The annual grant in aid amounts to 36,800%. for 1904-05. Local revenue is derived from Customs, tolls, licences, &c., and from a hut-tax of 3s. (in some places 6s.) on each hut. The military force necessary to maintain order consists of a corps of 160 Sikhs from the Indian Army, and a battalion of the King's African Rifles. This force is under British officers and Sikh and native non-commissioned officers. The troops are armed with 303 Martini Enfield rifle. There is also an armament of artillery, consisting A volunteer reserve of mountain guns, together with two Maxim guns. has been formed with headquarters at 4 centres. It has 96 members bound There is a force of 200 to serve when required within the Protectorate. civil police. The military force of the Protectorate is also charged with all military police work in the eastern portion of the British South Africa Chartered Company's territory north of the Zambesi, to meet the expense of which an annual payment is made by the Company to the Protectorate funds. The Protectorate has a naval force on the Upper Shiré River and on Lake Nyasa. This consists of three gunboats, including the gunboat Gwendolen, 350 tons, launched in 1899 at Fort Johnston, which is the headquarters of the naval department. For ordinary traffic there are 8 small steamers on the Lake and five on the Upper Shiré, besides some small sailing vessels. Communication with the coast is by the river steamers of the African Lakes Company, the British Central Africa Company, and the African International Flotilla Company. These vessels meet at Chinde the ocean-going steamers of various British, German, and Portuguese Companies. Chinde is situated on the only navigable mouth of the Zambezi, and at this port the Portuguese Government has granted a small piece of land, called the British Concession,' where goods in transit for British Central Africa may be landed and reshipped free of customs duty, and in addition a large area for residential purposes styled 'the Extra Concession.' A joint Anglo-German Delimitation Commission assembled on Lake Nyasa in June, 1898, and proceeded to definitely mark out the boundary between the British and German spheres from the mouth of the Songwe on Lake Nyasa to the entrance of the River Kilambo on Tanganyika. There are 20 post offices through which, in 1902-03, 391,599 postal packets passed. A railway, of 3 ft. 6 in. gauge, from the Portuguese boundary on the western bank of the Shiré to Blantyre has been begun and will ultiA mono-rail tramway is laid mately be extended to Lake Nyasa. between Blantyre and the Upper Shiré. A telegraph line through the Pro |