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The following are the statistics of the Austrian Post Office savings-banks

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The Principality of Liechtenstein, lying between the Austrian province of Tyrol and the Rhine, though not incorporated with Austria by any treaty, practically forms a part of the Empire. Reigning Prince, John II., born October 5, 1840; succeeded his father, November 12, 1858. The reigning family originated in the twelfth century, and traces its descent through free barons who in 1608 became princes of Liechtenstein. From time to time various small domains were added to, or separated from, the territory, and in 1719 the principality as it now exists was constituted. The monarchy is hereditary in the male line. The constitution of 1862, modified in 1878, 1895, and 1901, provides for a Diet of 15 members appointed for four years (3 by the Prince, and 12 by indirect vote). The capital is Vaduz, but the chief direction of affairs is at Vienna by a Court of Chancellery. The Supreme Court of Appeal is at Innsbruck.

The area is about 65 square miles; population in 1901, 9,477 (4,587 males and 4,890 females); population per square mile, 152. The population is of German origin, and nearly all Catholic. In 1903 the revenue amounted to 835,629 crowns; expenditure, 820,810 crowns. The principality forms part of the Austrian Customs Union, and receives at least 20,000 florins annually as its share of the Customs dues. There is no public debt. The Prince has estates in Austria and elsewhere yielding about 140,000l. sterling The inhabitants of Liechtenstein pay no direct taxes, nor are they liable to military service. The population is agricultural, the chief products of the country being corn, wine, flax, fruit, and timber.

per annum.

HUNGARY.

Constitution and Government.

I. CENTRAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.

The Constitution of the eastern part of the monarchy, or the kingdom of Hungary, including Hungary Proper and Croatia-Slavonia, dates from the occupation of the country by the Magyars, about 891. The first king, Saint Stephen, was crowned in 1000. The first charter or constitutional code is the Bulla Aurea' of King Andrew II., granted in 1222, which defined the form of government as an aristocratic monarchy. The Hungarian Constitution has been repeatedly suspended and partially disregarded, until, at the end of the armed struggle of 1849, it was decreed to be forfeited by the nation. This decree was repealed in 1860; and the present sovereign, on June 8, 1867, swore to maintain the Constitution, and was crowned King of Hungary.

The Hungarian Parliament (Országgyülés) has legislative authority for Hungary, and for Croatia and Slavonia in matters which concern these provinces in common with Hungary Proper. It consists of an Upper House (Förendiház) and a Lower House (Képviselőház).

The House of Magnates, reformed by an Act passed in 1885, now includes the archdukes who have attained their majority (18 years) those Hungarian princes, counts and barons-if of age (24 years) and paying at least 6,000 crowns a year land tax-whose families possess the right of hereditary peerage (designated by Act of 1885 or having received it since by a special Act); 42 archbishops, bishops, and other dignitaries of the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; 13 ecclesiastical and lay representatives of the Protestant Confessions; life peers appointed by the Crown not exceeding 50 in number; life peers elected, once for all, by the Upper House; 19 members ex officio, being State dignitaries (barones regni) and high judges; and lastly, 3 delegates of Croatia-Slavonia. In the session of 1902-03 the number of archdukes was 16, and there were 241 hereditary peers holding the property qualification; and 74 life peers appointed by the Crown or chosen by the House of Magnates.

The Lower House or House of Representatives of Hungary is composed of representatives of the nation, elected by the vote of all male citizens, of 20 years of age, who pay a small direct tax on house property or land, or on an income varying with occupation; but in all cases low. Certain large classes-professional, scientific, learned, and others-are entitled to vote without other qualifications. There were in 1903 74,996. The number of the clectorate was in 1903 in Hungary Proper, 1,039,942, or 23.4 per cent. of the total male population over 20 years. New elections must take place every five years. By the electoral law now in force, the House of Representatives consists of 453 members, of whom 413 are deputies of Hungarian towns and districts, and 40 delegates of Croatia and Slavonia.

Members of the Lower House receive 4,800 crowns (2007.) a year, with an allowance of 1,600 crowns (667. 13s.) for house rent.

The Parliament is summoned annually by the King at Budapest. The language of the Parliament is Hungarian; but the representatives of Croatia and Slavonia may speak their own language.

The executive power of the kingdom is in a responsible ministry, con, sisting of a presidency and nine departments, namely

:

The Presidency of the Council.Count Stephen Tisza, Privy Councillor, born April 22, 1861; appointed November 3, 1903.

1. The Ministry of Finance.-Dr. Ladislaus de Lukács, Privy Councillor, born October 24, 1850; appointed January 15, 1895.

General

2. The Ministry of National Defence (Honvédelem). Alexander de Nyiry, born November 7, 1854; appointed November 3, 1903. 3. The Ministry near the King's person (ad latus).-Count Charles Khuen-Héderváry, Privy Councillor, born May 23 1849; appointed March 3, 1904.

4. The Ministry of the Interior.-Count Stephen Tisza, appointed (ad interim) November 3, 1903.

5. The Ministry of Education and of Public Worship.-Dr. Albert de Berzeviczy, Privy Councillor, born June 7, 1853; appointed November 3, 1903.

6. The Ministry of Justice.—Dr. Alexander Plósz, Privy Councillor, born 1846; appointed February 26, 1899.

7. The Ministry of Industry and Commerce.—Charles-Hieronymi, Privy Councillor, born October 1, 1836; appointed November 3, 1903.

8. The Ministry of Agriculture.-Adalbert de Talliàn, Privy Councillor, born 1851; appointed November 3, 1903..

9. The Minister for Croatia and Slavonia.-Ervin de Cseh, Privy Councillor, born March 23, 1838; appointed December 10, 1898.

The provinces of Croatia and Slavonia have autonomy for home affairs, public instruction, and justice.

The Croatian-Slavonian Provincial Diet meeting annually at Zágráb (Agram), consists of 90 members, elected for five years, representing 21 town districts and 69 rural districts, and of personal voters (not more than half). The electors must have a low property qualification, be of certain professions, or pay a small tax. Personal voters are certain ecclesiastical and political dignitaries, and the members of certain noble families (Magnates) possessing the right by inheritance or by royal nomination. must pay at least 2,000 crowns of land tax.

They

At the head of the autonomous provincial government, which has three departments (Interior, Public Instruction and Worship, and Justice), is the Ban, who is responsible to the Provincial Diet and to the Hungarian Prime Minister.

Ban.-Count Theodore Pejacsevich, Privy Councillor, born September 24, 1855; appointed July 1, 1903.

II. LOCAL GOVERNMENT.

In Hungary a distinction is observed between communes which are large or small, or may be townships with regular magistrates, and municipalities, which are regarded as communes of a higher order. The communal electoral right is possessed by every male inhabitant over twenty years of age who for two years has paid the State tax. The representative body is composed half of members elected for six years, and half of persons who pay the highest taxes. The committee consists of members appointed, in the towns for six years, in the rural communes for three years, with officials appointed for life. The counties and cities invested with similar rights are independent municipalities. Each has its council constituted similarly to the representative body of the communes; and the members are elected also for six years. All electors for the Parliament are qualified to vote. In Budapest they must be able to read and write. The executive is in the hands of the official body of the municipality, who sit and vote with the council.

In Croatia and Slavonia each county has an assembly similar to

the Hungarian local representative bodies. The electoral qualification is the same as for the Diet. The municipalities within the county (except Zágráb and Eszék) send delegates, and the higher county officials also sit and vote. In the rural communes the representative body is the council, elected for three years; in the towns for four years. In the former the executive is in the hands of the magistrates; in the latter, of the municipal council.

Area and Population.

I. PROGRESS AND PRESENT CONDITION.

The Hungarian dominions, including Croatia and Slavonia, have an area of 324,851 square kilomètres, or 125,430 English square miles, with a population at the census of December 31, 1900 of 19,254,559 civil and military, or 154 per square mile.

At the last four census enumerations the total (civil and military) population was as follows:

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The following table gives the area and total number of inhabitants, civil and military, of Hungary, after the census returns of December 31, 1880, 1890, and 1900:

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The ethnical elements of the total population on the basis of language was as follows in 1890 and 1900 (in Hungary including Croatia and Slavonia):

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The Hungarians (civil population) in Hungary Proper in 1880 numbered 6,404,070 (46 65 per cent.); in 1890, 7,357,936 (48 61 per cent.); and in 1900, 8,588,834 (514 per cent.); persons speaking the Hungarian language in Hungary Proper, 1890, 8,436,423 5574 per cent.); in 1900, 9,954,598 (59.5 per cent.).

There were 245,544 foreign residents in Hungary at the end of 1900, of whom 214,459 were Austrian, 8,026 Germans, 9,046 Italians, 3,242 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 889 French, 1,060 Russians, 1,002 Swiss, 835 British, 713 Turks, and 6,272 others.

In Hungary, in 1900 the population according to occupations was as follows:

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The total population of Hungary in 1900 consisted of: males, supporting, 6,162,198; supported, 2,667,781; females, supporting, 2,667,781; supported, 7,004,627. The town civil population of Hungary in 1890 numbered 2,630,520; in 1900, 3,201,464. The total number of dwelling-houses in Hungary, in 1890, were 2,926,979 (373,625 in Croatia and Slavonia); in 1900, 3,227,190 (421,448 in Croatia and Slavonia), or 25.6 per square mile and 5.9 civil persons per house.

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