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the exports to Austria were 942,796,000 crowns or 69.71 per cent. of the whole. The imports from Germany were 72,477,000 crowns (5'96 per cent.); and the exports to Germany were 155,282,000 crowns (11.48 per cent.). The imports from Great Britain (mostly woollen goods, steam-vessels, and coal) were 19,537,000 crowns (1.61 per cent.); and the exports to Great Britain (mostly flour, raw sugar, and barley) were 61,819,000 crowns (4.57 per cent.). Other countries having considerable trade with Hungary are Servia, France, Switzerland, Italy, Roumania.

Shipping and Navigation.

The following tabular statement shows the strength of the commercial marine of Hungary on January 1, 1904 :

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Of the total number of vessels 90 of 86,073 tons were steamers, and 361 of 5,808 tons were sailing vessels.

The progress of navigation is shown as follows:

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At the port of Fiume alone in 1903, 11,712 vessels of 2,006,996 tons entered, and 11,741 vessels of 2,016,829 tons cleared. Of the vessels entered 136 of 226,762 tons, and of those cleared 142 of 237,455 tons, were British.

Internal Communications.

In 1903 the total length of navigable rivers and canals in Hungary was 4,971 kilomètres, of which 3,095 kilomètres were navigable for steamers.

The river traffic of Hungary during five years was as follows:

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1 Exclusive the Danube Steam Navigation Company.

2 Inclusive the Hungarian traffic of the Danube Steam Navigation Company.

In 1903 the Ferencz canal, connecting the Danube and the Tisza (Theiss), was frequented by 3,119 ships and 1,427 rafts, the goods carried amounting to 3,367,152 metric centners. In 1903 the canal at the iron gates was frequented by 1,377 steamers, of which 652 with 1,318 rafts carried 2,863,145 metric centners weight of goods.

In 1902, the public roads of the Kingdom of Hungary had a length of 91,551 kilometres.

The following are railway statistics for five years :—

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The following are statistics of the Hungarian post-office for three years :

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In 1903 there were in Hungary 3,587 telegraph offices and 23, 240 kilometres of telegraph line with 121,675 kilometres of wire; number of messages,

15,865,0341. In 1903 there were 77 urban telephone systems and 48 interurban circuits (joining the capital, and 48 other towns and neighbourhoods among themselves and to Vienna, besides connecting Budapest directly with Berlin), with altogether 147,397 kilometres of wire, by which 54,846,671 conversations were held.

The united postal and telegraph receipts amounted (1903) to 53,256 thousand of crowns, and the expenses to 37,905 thousand of crowns.

1 Including internal transit service.

Money and Credit.

The coinage of the Hungarian mint in five years was as follows (in thousands of crowns):

Gold:

20-crown 10-crown

Silver

Bronze

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During the period 1867-1903 the total gold coinage amounted to 564,698 thousands of crowns; the silver coinage to 279,800 thousands of crowns; and the fractional coinage (small silver, copper, nickel, and bronze) to 51,022 thousands of crowns.

On December 31, 1903, there were in Hungary 428 joint-stock and private banks with a total nominal capital of 394,532,000 crowns; 777 savings-banks with nominal capital of 177,454,000 crowns; and 2,830 co-operative (alliance) banks. The liabilities and assets of all the banks were (1903) as follows (in thousands of crowns) ::

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The following are statistics of the post-office savings-banks :

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Diplomatic Representatives.

1. OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IN GREAT BRITAIN.

Ambassador.-Count Albert Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein.
Councillor of Embassy.-Prince of Schönberg-Hartenstein.
Secretaries. Count Louis Széchényi and Count Theobald Westphalen.
Attaché.-Prince Emil Fürstenberg.

Chancellor.-Charles Pollak.

Military Attaché. -Captain Prince Friedrich Liechtenstein.

Naval Attaché. - Captain Joseph, Chevalier de Schwarz.

Director of the Commercial Department.-F. Stockinger (C.G.).
Consul-General (London).- Baron A. Rothschild (H.C.G.).

There are Consular representatives at Belfast, Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Cardiff-Newport, Cork-Queenstown, Dublin, Edinburgh-Leith, Falmouth, Glasgow, Gloucester, Hull, Jersey, Limerick, Liverpool (C.G.), Manchester, Newport-Mon., Northshields-Newcastle, Plymouth, PortsmouthSouthampton, Sheffield, Swansea, Waterford, Weymouth-Portland, etc.

2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Ambassador.-Rt. Hon. Sir F. R. Plunkett, G.C.B., G. C.M.C., G.C.V.O. Appointed September 9, 1900.

Councillor.-Hon. Alan Johnstone, C. V.O.

Military Attaché.-H. S. H. the Duke of Teck,
Naval Attaché.-Commander Roger Keyes.
Commercial Attaché.-A. P. Bennett.

G.C.V.O.

There are Consular representatives at Vienna (C.G.), Budapest (C.G.), Fiume, Trieste, Prague, Lissa, Innsbruck.

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA.

The Ottoman Provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were, by the Treaty of Berlin (July 13, 1878), handed over to the Austro-Hungarian Government for administration and military occupation. The direction of the administration of the two occupied provinces is exercised by the Bosnian Bureau, entrusted to the common Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister in Vienna in the name of the Emperor-King.

Common Minister of Financc and Administrator.--Baron Stephan Burian von Rajecz.

The chief authority in the province itself, with its seat in Sarajevo, is the provincial government (Landesregierung), in four departments, for internal affairs, finance, justice, and public works. For administration purposes there are 6 district (Kreis) and 54 county (Bezirk) authorities. For the administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1905 the revenue was estimated at 51,415,201 crowns, and expenditure at 51,362,793 crowns.

Bosnia and Herzegovina contain six districts (Kreise), with an area of 19,702 square miles. (The Sanjak of Novi-Bazar is occupied by an Austrian military force, though administered civilly by Turkey.) In 1895 the population numbered 1,568,092 (828,190 males and 739,902 females). Mohammedans, 548,632; Oriental Orthodox, 673,246; Roman Catholic, 334,142; Evangelical, 3,596; other Christians, 251; Jews, 8,213; other religions, 12.

The nationality is Croato-Servian, only in the greater towns there are Spanish Jews, and here and there gipsies and colonists of different nationality. The most populous towns are the capital, Sarajevo, with 38,083; Mostar, 14,370; Banjaluka, 13,566; and Dolnia Tuzla, 10, 227.

In 1902-03 there were 5 gymnasia, 1 Realschule, 1 military college, 10 advanced schools for girls, 9 commercial schools, 321 elementary schools, 854 lower Mohammedan schools, 1 Greek-Oriental, and 1 Roman Catholic seminary for priests, 2 training colleges for teachers, and a college for Mohammedan judges. Technical and industrial schools exist in most of the larger towns, and in the village schools the teaching of practical agriculture has been introduced. Education is free, even in the gymnasia, but not compulsory.

There is an upper court of justice in Sarajevo, the 6 district (Kreis) courts and the county (Bezirk) authorities as courts of first instance. In every district court (Kreisgericht) and county court (Bezirksgericht) there are 2 assessors taken from the people to advise the judge.

The agricultural population in 1895 numbered 1,385,291 or 88 per cent. of the whole, but agriculture is still in a low state of development, though the soil is very fertile. Forest land occupies 52 per cent. of the whole area. Tobacco, an important crop, is a Government monopoly. In 1903, 734 metric tons of tobacco (value, 1,159,167 crowns; 24 crowns = 17.) were exported. Maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet and buckwheat, potatoes, flax, and hemp, are cultivated. Both provinces have superabundance of fruit. In 1903 about 16,155 tons of dried plums and marmalade were exported, valued at 6,219,547 crowns. The vine is grown, but the wine produced is of indifferent quality; the wine exported in 1903 was of the value of 101,562 crowns. Sugar-beet is cultivated, and there is a government sugar factory at Usora, near Doboj. Silk-culture has been introduced. Timber was exported in 1903 to the value of 18,556,425 crowns, but the supply is now exhausted. Cattle-grazing and sheep-farming are important; cattle were exported in 1903 to the number of 131,015; horses, 16,712; sheep, 130,908. Hides are not exported, but sheep-skins and goat-skins are sent in large quantities to Great Britain and the United States, as well as to

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