ments of three battalions. Every brigade furnishes the contingent of a brigade of infantry and one regiment of cavalry.

The forces of the kingdom comprise 31 battalions of infantry of the line with 11 of reserve; 5 regiments of cavalry, each with 3 squadrons active and a depôt; 2 regiments of field artillery, in 12 batteries, and 4 of reserve, and 1 regiment of 3 battalions with 12 companies of fortress artillery, and 6 companies of reserve; and 1 regiment of engineers. The strength of the army (1903) is 824 officers and 8,945 men; the war strength is 1,448 officers and 66,000 men. The war strength of Citizen Corps of Copenhagen and Bornholm Island (included in the war strength of the army) is 115 officers and 4,400 men.

The Danish fleet is maintained for purposes of coast-defence. It consists of two monitors Olfert Fischer, and Herluf Trolle, launched about 1900, carrying a pair of 9 4-inch and 4 6-inch guns, a smaller monitor, Skjold (launched 1896), with one 9'4 and three 4.7-inch guns; three torpedo gunboats and 7 torpedo boats. This is the effective fleet.

It is reinforced by the old battleship Helgoland, three ancient monitors, and a small cruiser, the Valkyrien. There also exists an experimental 'torpedo ram,' the Tordenskjold, carrying one heavy old type gun, but long since obsolete, and a few nondescript vessels.

Production and Industry.

The soil of Denmark is greatly subdivided, owing partly to the state of the law, which interdicts the union of small farms into larger estates, but encourages, in various ways, the parcelling out of landed property, and leaves the tenant entire control of his land so long as the rent is paid.

Of the total area of Denmark 80 per cent. is productive; about one sixth of the unproductive area is peat bogs. Of the productive area 6 per cent. is forest, and of the remainder less than one half is arable, and the remainder pasture and meadows. The area under the chief crops in 1901, and the production in 1899-1901, were as follows; but the areas producing the various crops in 1901 were not those originally intended, a great part of the wheat (16,400 hectares) having been destroyed in the winter and the land turned in spring to other uses :

On July 15, 1903, there were in Denmark proper 486,935 horses, 1,840,466 head of cattle, 876,830 sheep, 38,984 goats, and 1,456,699 swine. (In 1881 there were 1,470,078 cattle, and in 1871, 1,238, 898.)

In 1903 there were exported 25,248 horses, 62,929 head of cattle, 924 sheep and goats.

In 1903 there were in Denmark 43 distilleries (Copenhagen 9), whose output of brandy reduced to 8° amounted to 7,473,060 gallons (35,145,835 potter). In 1903 there were produced 21,725,023 gallons of excisable beer and 32,121,564 gallons (small) beer, not excisable.

In the same year 45,825 tons of beet sugar were produced at 7 sugar factories, and 20,880 tons of margarine and oleomargarine were manufactured at 19 factories.

In the Danish fisheries the total value of the fish caught was in 1900, 7,759,918 kroner; in 1901, 8,683,478 kroner; in 1902, 9,877,459 kroner.

Commerce.

The following table shows the value, according to official returns, of the imports and general exports (excluding precious metal) for six years (18 kroner = £1) :—

Kroner

1898

Kroner Kroner 512,787,000 407,043,000 562,735,000 446,918,000 494,309,000

Kroner 462,219,000 326,361,000 1901 1899 492,079,000 364,521,000 1902 1900 526,803,000 393,570,000 1903 581,893,000

The exports of home produce in five years were, in kroners :—1899, 270,129,000; 1900, 281,919,000; 1901, 290,604,000; 1902, 318,265,000; 1903, 352,221,000.

In 1903 the general imports and exports, and the special imports and exports (imports for consumption and exports of Danish produce or manufacture) were as follows:

·

The principal articles of import and export, with their respective values, were as follows:

The following table shows the distribution of Danish foreign trade:

The Danish import duties are to some extent protective, but, in a considerable number of cases, Taw materials are admined duty-free. No aux le med om imperts of wook; BI5iron. alkali, hiles and ski na, raps, looks, buttery meas fresh and preserved, woollen and outrot tissues the duties range fruen 12 sa tã to 12 13 30. frances, be, they are as high as M. 132 11d per ont On leader wares they are from 17. 17. Så to ti si sd. per cat. On Mangh kan plates, Tars, be, the Enty is 646. per cwi; on course iron wires à ed; on endlery, de 12. 17h sed per ewi; on lorda sites, Om ships an I Doute there are Comes of 2 per cent an! & per cell.

arcording to material Imported chase se taxed at the rate 410 wd per GMT. 146 14 ami 164 64; sugar, Aid and da ne per cat, ami spirita, la sfa to sa Tak per

Tile treaties of Commerne and Navigation between Great Brian an 1 Denmark, ma'e in let ani 1400 and aadre in 1914) pommide for the -m res famozrel panca treatment The values để impreta,, whether enhjeen to duty or duty-free, and of exprets, always duty-free, are Getermined by the Staustal Berean in ominance with commer frms, who state the average maizes of the vazione articles tể merchan Loe. The guientes are verifed by the Customs aanbonnes. The prince origin and ultimate destitution of goods are not recorded The genem tule comprehends all impoets and exports: the special trade caly imports for consumptice, and exports of bome produce. Usally the Custecus authorities easily tscertain whether imports and experts beling to the general et the special trade, ben waennes the amenda of imperts for komme ocasumption is determined mere y by the erness of imports Ster exports.

The value of the imports into the United Kingdom from Denmark including Kelani, the Faeme Namie, an 1 Greenland, asd of the domestic

FF

exports from the United Kingdom to Denmark, is shown in the st jolied table in each of the last five years, accorting to the Board of Trade Returns :—

The chief imports into and domestic exports from the United Kingdom were as follows in 2 years:

On December 31, 1903, Denmark and colonies possessed 3,971 vessels (of 4 tons and upwards) of 449,117 registered tons in her merchant marine, of which 544 of 294,199 tons were steamers. In 1903, 33,206 vessels of 3,173,067 tons cargo entered the Danish ports, and 34,152 vessels of 978,271 tous cargo cleared, besides 32,611 coasting vessels entered, and 32,722

cleared.

Internal Communications.

Denmark proper (exclusive of Copenhagen) has (1903) 4,196 miles of road, besides 22,242 miles of by-ways. There are (1903) railways of a total length of 1,912 English miles open for traffic in the kingdom. Of this total, about 1,112 English miles belong to the State, the total cost of which up to March 31, 1903, was 180,000,000 kroner. The railways have a gauge of 4 ft. 8 inches, except 109 miles of which the gauge is 3 ft. 3 inches.

The Post Office in the year 1903 carried 111,667,737 letters and post-cards, and 96,487,723 samples and printed matter. There are 941 post-offices. The State telegraphs in 1903 carried 2,322,735 messages, of which 700,322 were internal, 1,622, 413 international; about 163,000 official or meteorological. The length of State telegraph lines at the end of 1903 was 2,348 English miles, and the length of wire 8,803 English miles; number of offices 169. At the same date the railway and private telegraphs had 321 offices. At the end of 1903 the length of telephonic wires was 84,640 English miles. In the year 1903 there were 80,905,444 telephonic conversations.

Money and Credit.

On July 31, 1904, the accounts of the National Bank balanced at 156,097,926 kroner. The assets included 63,508,396 kroner in bullion and specie. The liabilities included 111,000,000 kroner note issue, 27,000.000 kroner of capital, and 3,000,000 kroner reserve fund. In Denmark there are about 100 other banks for commercial, agricultural, industrial, and other purposes. On March 31, 1903, there were 538 savings banks, with 1,254,821 depositors, and deposits amounting to 732,980,318 kroner, or 584 kroner to each account.

The nominal value of the coin minted (including recoinage of worn pieces) in Denmark since 1873 is given as follows:

Money, Weights, and Measures.

The monetary unit, the Krone of 100 öre, is of the value of 1s. 1d., or about 18 kroner to the pound sterling.

Gold coins are 20 and 10-kroner pieces. The 20-kroner piece weighs 8 870 grammes 900 fine, and thus contains 8.0645 grammes of fine gold. The 2-kroner silver piece weighs 15 grammes 800 fine, and thus contains 12 grammes of fine silver.

The standard of value is gold.

Silver is legal tender up to 20 kroner. The Pund = 100 Kvint: = 1000 Ort 1·1023 ĺb. avoirdupois. The Centner = 100 Pund 110 23 lb, avoirdupois.

=

Diplomatic and Consular Representatives

1. OF DENMARK IN GREAT BRITAIN

Envoy and Minister.-F. de Bille, accredited 1890.

Secretary of Legation.-Henrik Grevenkop-Castenskjold.

Attaché.-Christian August Gosch.

Honorary Attaché.-Torben de Bille.

Consul-General in London.-E. A. Delcomyn.

0.6864 yard 1.0918 c. ft. 1.36 acre.

1 ton reg.

0.89