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2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN FRANCE.

Ambassador.-Right Hon. Sir Francis Bertie, G.C.V.O., K C. B.
Councillor.-Maurice de Bunsen, C. B., C. V.O.

Military Attaché.-Lieut.-Col. W. F. Bonham, D.S.O.
Naval Attaché.-Captain F. R. W. Morgan, R. N.

Commercial Attaché.-Sir H. Austin Lee, K. C. M. G., C. B.
Consul-General.-A. P. Inglis.

There are British Consuls at Ajaccio, Bordeaux, Brest, Calais, Cherbourg, Dunkirk, Havre (C.G.), Lyons, Marseilles, Nantes, Nice, Rouen, and other towns.

Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning France.

1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Agriculture:-Statistique agricole annuelle. Bulletin de statistique du Ministère de l'Agriculture. Statistique des Forêts soumises au régime forestier. Statistique agricole décennale. Compte des dépenses du Ministère de l'Agriculture. Rapport sur l'enseignement agricole. Report by L. S. Sackville on the Tenure of Land in France. Fol. London,

1870.

Army:-Handbook of the French Army, prepared in the Intelligence Division of the War Office, by Captain A. K. Wisely. London, 1891. Budget général de la France. [Current issues contain estimates of the numbers of men, horses, &c., in the Army.] Paris. (Annual).

Bibliographie générale de l'histoire de la France. Published by the Directors of the National Library. Paris.

Commerce-Tableau général du commerce de la France. (Annual.) Paris. Commerce de la France. (Monthly.) Moniteur officiel du commerce. Foreign Office Reports. (Annual series.) London. Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries, &c. London.

Finance-Comptes généraux de l'administration des Finances. Bulletin de statistique et de legislation comparée. (Monthly.) Paris. La situation financière des communes. Budget général de la France. (Annual.) Paris. Foreign Office Reports, London, Foreign Office List. (Annual.) London. Industries, Mining, &c. :-Album de statistique graphique du Ministère des Travaux publics. Paris. Almanack de la co-operation française.- Bulletin de l'office du travail. (Monthly.) La petite industrie. 2 vols. Paris, 1896. Statistique des grèves et des recours à la conciliation, &c., pendant, 1895. Repartition des salaires du personal ouvrier dans les manufactures de l'état et des compagnies de chemin de fer, 1896. Salaires et durée du travail dans l'industrie française. 3 vols. Bulletin officiel du Ministère de l'intérieur. Rapports des inspecteurs divisionnaires du travail. Statistique de l'industrie minerale et des appareils à vapeur. (Annual.)

Instruction, Religion, &c. :-Bulletin de l'instruction publique. (Weekly.) Annuaire de la Presse. Statistique de l'enseignement primaire. (Annual.) Rapport sur le budget des cultes.-Rapport sur l'Organisation et la Situation de l'Enseignement primaire publique en France presenté au Ministre de l'Instruction Publique. Paris, 1900.

Justice and Crime:-Compte de la justice criminelle. (Annual.) Compte de la justice civile et commerciale. (Annual.) Gazette des tribunaux. Statistique penitentiaire.

Money and Credit:-Comptes rendus sur les opérations du credit fonçier de France. Rapports sur les opérations de la Caisse nationale d'Epargue. Rapports sur les opérations des Caisses d'Epargue privées. Rapports du Gouverneur et des Censeurs de la Banque de France. Rapports sur l'administration des monnaies et medailles.

Navy-Annuaire de la Marine et des Colonies. (See also the Annual Budget Général.) Pauperisin-Rapport par la Commission superieure de la Caisse des retraits pour la vieillesse. Etablissements généraux de bienfaisance.

Population:-Dénombrement de la Population, 1901. Ministère de l'Intérieur. Paris, 1902. [See Bulletin de statistique et de legislatuer comparée for January and for July, 1897.] Railways, Posts, &c. :-Album de statistique graphique au ministère des travaux publics. Statistique des chemius de fer français. (Annual.) Relevé du tonnage des merchandises transportées sur les fleuves, canaux, et rivières. 2 vols. (Annual.) Statistique de la navigation intérieure. 2 vols. (Annual.)

Shipping:-Tableau général du commerce de la France. Part II. Tableau général des mouvements du cabotage. (Annual.)

Statistics (General):-Almanach national. Paris. Journal officiel. Annuaire statistique de la France (1904). Annuaire statistique de la ville de Paris. Revue générale de l'administration. Nancy. Statistical abstract for foreign countries. (Annual.) London. Statistique générale de la France, 1903.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Adams (G. B.), The Growth of the French Nation. London, 1897.

Allen (Grant), Paris. [Guide Book.] London, 1896.

Baedeker's Guide-Books: Paris, 15th edition 1904; Northern France; Southern France and Corsica, 1902; South-Eastern France, 2nd ed.; South-Western France. Leipsic and London.

Barker (E. H.), Wayfaring in France. 8. London, 1890.

New ed. Paris, 1898.

Baudrillart (H. J. L.), Les Populations agricoles de la France. 3 séries. 8. Paris, 1885-93.
Blache (P. Vidal de la), Tableau de la Geographie de la France. Paris, 1903.
Block (Maurice), Dictionnaire de l'Administration française
Bodley (J. E. C.), France. 2nd. ed. London, 1902.
Bourde (P.), En Corse. 3rd edition. Paris, 1887.
Boutmy (E. G.), Etudes de Droit Constitutionnel.

tion by E. M. Dicey. 8. London, 1891.

18. Paris, 1885. English Transla

Cadeuse (G.), Les Finances de la Ville de Paris, 1795-1900. Paris, 1900.

Chéruel (P. A.), Dictionnaire historique des Institutions, mœurs et coutumes de la France. 2 vols. 12. Paris, 1855.

Chevallier (E.), La Mounaie de Paris en 1897. Paris, 1897.

Coubertin (Baron P. de), L'Evolution Française sous la Troisième République. Paris, 1896. [Eng. Trans. London, 1898.]-France since 1814. London, 1900.

Currier (C. F. A.), Constitutional and Organic Laws of France, 1875-89. American Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia, 1891.

Dally (F. J. M. A.), La France militaire illustrée. 2 édition. 8. Paris, 1893. Davaine (E.), Annuaire du protestantisme français. 8. Paris, annual since 1893. Debidour (A.), Histoire des Rapports de l'Eglise et de l'Etat, 1789-1870. Paris, 1898 Delarbre (J.), La marine militaire de la France. 8. Paris, 1881.

Demolins (Edmond), Les Français d'Aujourdhui. Paris, 1898.

8. Paris, 1896.

London, 1892-4.
New York, 1902.

Deschamps (L.). Histoire de la Question Coloniale en France. Paris, 1891. Dubois (M.), Geographie Economique de la France. Paris, 1898. Dupont (P.), Annuaire de la marine pour 1896. Duruy (Victor), Histoire de France. 4. Paris, 1892. Edwards (M. Betham), France To-day. 2 vols. 8. Foncin (P.), France. [Eng Trans. by H. H. Kane.] Forbes (A.), Life of Napoleon III. London, 1897. Foville (A. de), La France Economique. Paris, 1889. Franceschi (G.), Manuel municipal: Commentaire pratique de la Loi du 5 Avril 1884, 8. Paris, 1892.

Fustel de Coulanges (N. D.), Histoire des Institutions politiques de l'Ancienne France. 6 vols. S. Paris, 1888-92.

Glasson (E.), Histoire du Droit et des Institutions de la France. Vol. VII. Paris, 1896. Gorce (P. de la), Histoire du Seconde Empire. Tomes I.-III. Paris, 1894-96.

Grenédan (Comte J. du Plessis de), Géographie agricole de la France et du Monde. Paris, 1903.

Guides Joanne [for Paris and the various districts of France, 20 vols.]. Paris, 1887-96. Guizot (F. P. G.), Histoire de France jusqu'en 1789. 5 vols. 4. Paris, 1870-76. Histoire de France depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1848. 2 vols. 8. Paris, 1879. English Translation of Guizot's Histories by R. Black. 8 vols. 8. London, 1870-81.

Hahn (L.), Histoire de la communanté israelite de Paris. 12. Paris, 1894.-Les Juifs de Paris pendant la Revolution. Paris, 1898.

Hanoiaux (G.), Contemporary France. [Eng. Trans.]. 2 vols. London, 1903. Hare (A. J. C.), North-Western France, 1895.-Paris. 2d ed. 2 vols. London, 1900.Days near Paris, 1887.-North-Eastern France, 1890.-South-Eastern France, 1890.-SouthWestern France, 1890, London.

Hassall (A.), The French People. London, 1902.

Hillebrand (Karl), France and the French in the second half of the Nineteenth Century. [Translated from the German]. 8. London, 1881.

Joanne (Paul), Editor, Dictionnaire Géographique et Administratif de la France, &c. 4. Paris, 1888, &c.

Lanessan (J. L. de), La republique démocratique, la politique intérieure, extérieure, coloniale de la France. Paris, 1897.

Lavergne (Léonce de), Economie rurale de la France. 4me éd. 18. Paris, 1878.
Lavisse (E), Histoire de France. 6 vols Paris, 1901-04. In progress.

Lebon (A.) and Pelet (P.), France as it is. London, 1888.

Lebon (A.), Modern France, 1789-1895. In 'Story of the Nations' series. London, 1897. Leon (P.), Fleuves, Canaux, Chemins de Fer. Paris, 1903. Loisne (C. de), Histoire politique de France. Paris, 1886. Levasseur (E.), La France et ses colonies. 3 vols. Paris, 1890-91. La population rançaise. 3 vols. Paris, 1889. La Production Brute Agricole de la France. Paris, 1891. Leverdays (E.), Nouvelle organisation de la République, &c. 12. Paris, 1892. Lissagaray, History of the Commune of 1871. [Eng. Trans.] London, 1902. MacCarthy (J. H.), The French Revolution. 4 vols. London, 1897. Martin (B. E. and C. M.), The Stones of Paris. 2 vols. London, 1900. Molard (J.), Puissance Militaire des Etats de l'Europe. Paris, 1893. Monteil (Edgar), L'Administration de la République. 12. Paris, 1893. Mossé (B.), La revolution française et le Rabbinat. Avignon, 1890. Murray's Handbook for Travellers in France. 18th edition. London, 1892. Ollivier (E.), L'Empire Libéral. 9 vols. Paris, 1897-1904.

Reclus (Elisée), La France. Vol. II. of 'Nouvelle géographie universelle.' 1885.

Réclus (Onésime), Le plus beau Royaume sous le Ciel. Paris, 1899.
Remy (V. H. A.), Traité de la Comptabilité publique. 8. Paris, 1894.
Renard (L.), Carnet de l'officier de marine. 16. Paris. (Annual.)
Reynolds-Ball (E. A.), Paris in its Splendour. London, 1903.

Roncière (C. de la), Histoire de la Marine Française. 2 vols. Paris, 1900.
Saint-Genis (F. de), La Propriété Rurale en France. Paris, 1902.

2d ed. Paris,

Say (L.), Les Finances de la France sous la Troisième République. 3 vols. Paris, 1898-1900.

Schoene (L.), Histoire de la Population française. 12. Paris, 1893.

Seignobos (C.), Histoire politique de l'Europe Contemporaine. Paris, 1897. [Eng. Trans. 2 vols. London, 1900.]

Shaw (A.), Municipal Government in Continental Europe. London. 1896.

Sloane (W. M.), Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. 4 vols. London, 1897.

Smith (R. T.), The Church in France. 8. London, 1894.
Taine (H. A.), Journeys through France. London, 1897.
Thiers (L. A.), History of the French Revolution.
1895.-History of the Consulate and Empire under Napoleon.
London, 1893-4.

Eng. Trans. 5 vols. London

Eng. Trans. 12 vols

Tripier (L.), Les Codes français. 42 édition. 8. Paris, 1892.
Turquan (V.), Receusement des Employés et Fonctionnaires de l'Etat. Paris, 1899.
Vandam (A. D.), French Men and French Manners. London, 1895. Undercurrents of
the Second Empire. London, 1897.

Vigneron (H.), La France militaire et maritime du XIXme siècle. Paris, 1890, &c.
Vignon (L.), L'Expansion de la France. Paris, 1891.

Vührer (M. A.), Histoire de la dette publique en France. Paris, 1886.

Villeneuve (M. de la Bigne de), Eléments de Droit constitutionel français. 8. Paris, 1892. Viollet (P.), Histoire des Institutions politiques et administrative de la France. 2 vols. Paris, 1898.

Wenzel (John), Comparative view of the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Governments of the United States, France, England, and Germany. 8. Boston, 1891. Wood (C. W.), In the Valley of the Rhone. London, 1899.

Worms (Emile), Essai de Législation financière: le budget de France dans le passé et dans le présent. 8. Paris, 1893.

Zevort (E)., Histoire de la Troisième Republique: Presidence de Jules Grévy. Paris,

1898.

The following statistical serials are published in Paris :-Annuaire de l'économie polique. Revue d'économic politique. (Monthly.) Economiste français. (Weekly.) Journal des économistes. (Monthly.) Monde économique. (Weekly.) Annales de l'Ecole libre des sciences politiques. (Monthly.) Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences morales et politiques. Journal de la société de statistique de Paris. (Monthly.) Circulaires du musée social. Réforme sociale.

ANDORRA.

The republic of Andorra, which is under the joint suzerainty of France and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel, has an area of 175 square miles and a population of 5,231. It is governed by a council of twenty-four members elected for four years by the heads of families in each parish. The council elect a first and second syndic to preside; the executive power is vested in the first syndic, while the judicial power is exercised by a civil judge and two magistrates (viguiers). France and the Bishop of Urgel appoint

each a magistrate and a civil judge alternately. A permanent delegate, the Prefect of the Pyrénées Orientales, moreover, has charge of the interests of France in the republic.

References.-The guide-books for Spain. Blade (J. F.), Etudes geographiques sur la Vallée d'Andorre. Paris, 1875. Avilès Arnau (J.), El Pallas y Andorra. Barcelona, 1893. Die andorranische Frage, in "Deutsche Rundschau Geog." 20, Vienna, 1898. Spender (H.) Through the High Pyrenees. London, 1898.

Colonies and Dependencies.

This

The colonies and dependencies of France (including Algeria and Tunis) have an area roughly estimated at about 4,000,000 square miles with a population of about 51,600,000. Algeria, however, is not regarded as a colony but as a part of France, and Tunis is attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The administration of the colonies is directed or controlled by the Ministry of the Colonies which was organised as a separate department in 1894. Most of them enjoy some measure of self-government and have elective councils to assist the governor. The older colonies have also direct representation in the French legislature, Réunion, Martinique and Guadeloupe sending each a senator and two deputies; French India, a senator and a deputy; Senegal, Guiana, and Cochin-China each a deputy, while most of the others are represented on the "Conseil Supérieur des Colonies." council consists of the senators and deputies of colonies, delegates from other colonies, and officials and other persons appointed on account of their special knowledge or qualifications. Few of the colonies have a revenue sufficient for the cost of administration. In the budget of 1905 the expenditure of France directly on the colonial service was estimated at 111,292,699 francs (exclusive of a large expenditure on Algeria), while for the same year the amount to be paid into the French treasury on account of various colonial services was put at 17,937,180 francs, of which 13,089,000 francs was from Of the estimated Indo-China for recoupment of military expenditure. expenditure of the Ministry of the Colonies, 2,218,082 francs was for services to the colonies in common; 7,453,963 francs for subventions to colonies; 93,405,154 francs for military services, and 8,215,500 for penitentiary services. The French Ministries of War and Marine have also to bear heavy colonial expenses not included in the budget relating to the colonies.

The area and population of the possessions of France are estimated as follows, the Central Africa statistics being necessarily rough estimates :

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The following table shows the value of the imports into and the exports from the various dependencies of France (except Algiers and Tunis) in two years:

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