The special commerce of the Deutsche Zollgebiet was divided as follows in 1902 and 1903 : 214,890 Aniline dyes 88,009 372,979 Iron 151,724 162,084 Hides, skins 143,966 144,229 Leather & manuf. 164,753 The following table shows the amount of the commercial intercourse between Germany and the United Kingdom in five years, according to the Board of Trade Returns : Including foreign and colonial produce, the total exports from the United Kingdom to Germany in 1903 amounted to 34,516,3397. The following tables give the declared value of the principal articles imported into the United Kingdom from, and exported from the United King. dom to Germany in five years : 3,664,385 3,843,917 3,717,652 3,873,562 4,152,587 4,135,439 3,743,842 3,090,256 3,115,252 3,530,905 1,168,625 1,022,259 1,086,721 985,527 1,034,498 1,131,439 742,632 669,076 933,082 1,369,089 2,761,444 2,937,055 1,254,727 1,027,705 1,147,215 1,526,562 1,651,441 1,636,272 2,057,726 1,523,214 2,188,323 2,040,797 1,537,936 1,370,777 1,531,858 2,343,932 4,267,172 3,302,602 2,969, 696 3,000,477 827,565 1,592,865 1,404,850' 762,000 305,682 Other exports of British produce to Germany in 1903 were linen goods and yarn, 448,5751.; manure, 342, 1037.; oils, 304,8917.; chemicals, 252,3801. ; leather, 373,8471.; copper, 380,3267. Great Britain exported to Germany foreign and colonial cotton valued at 657,4737.; wool at 2,952,7817.; caoutchouc, 1,106,3317.; coffee, 633,0987. ; skins and furs, 1,315,5707. in 1903. The ports of Hamburg and Bremen are the chief gates of commercial intercourse of Germany with the United Kingdom. Shipping and Navigation. The following was the distribution of the mercantile navy of Germany (only ships of more than 17·65 tons gross-tonnage) on January 1 of the last three years— Of the total shipping in 1903, 2,108 of 285,338 tons; in 1904, 2,117 of 283,275 tons belonged to Prussian ports. The total number of sailors required for manning the ships of the merchant navy in 1904 was 59,689. The size of the various ships in 1904 was as follows: Of the sailing vessels 798 were totally of iron or steel; of the steamers 1,612 were of iron or steel. The following table shows the shipping (foreign and coasting) of the German Empire, in which each vessel, if it entered several ports on a single voyage, is counted only once : Entered. 77,286 17,136,495 10,093 1,449,262 1901:- The number and tonnage of foreign shipping of the German Empire entered and cleared as compared with national shipping were as follows in 1902 ing other foreign 18,234 7,606,794 2,586 522,374 13,289 4,265,780 7,445 3,828,844 German ships 60,037 10,807,427 8,898 1,042,119 51,945 9,252,192 17,474 2,549,054 The total shipping at the seven principal ports of Germany was as follows in 1902: With Cargoes In Ballast Total Number Net tonnage Number Net tonnage Number Net tonnage 10,759 8,185,358 2,471 695,523 13,230 8,880,881 11,092 6,229,012 3,217 2,736,413 14,309 8,965,425 The vessels engaged in the coasting trade and inland navigation (not included in the above tables) on January 1, 1902, numbered 24,817, of which 23,927 had an aggregate burden of 4,873,502 tons. Internal Communications. I. RAILWAYS. The great majority of the German railways are now owned by the Imperial or State Governments. Out of 33,070 English miles of normal-gauge railway completed and open for traffic (1904), only 2,450 miles belonged to private companies. Narrow-gauge lines measured 1,244 miles (Government lines 536 miles) in 1904. The mileage and financial condition of German railways (including narrowgauge lines) are shown as follows, for five years ending 1902 : |