II.-FINANCE AND COMMERCE OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES.

The following statistics relating to the financial and commercial condition of various countries have been put together
for convenience of reference, not for the purpose of comparison. Revenue and expenditure, which in some states are raised
and expended by local authorities, are in others included in the national accounts; debt in some countries is incurred merely
for the sake of profitable investment, while in others it is unproductive and burdensome; in some states the creditors are
the interest is stated.
citizens, while in others they are foreigners; debt charges generally include more or less amortisation, but sometimes only
With respect to trade, the figures in general (though not invariably) show the special imports (or
those for home consumption), and the special exports (or those of home produce and manufactures). Specie and bul-
lion are generally (not invariably) excluded. For the United Kingdom the general imports are given, and the exports of
the produce and manufactures of the Kingdom. For the United Kingdom the values are the declared values; for the United
States and Japan the invoice values; for other countries generally official values, each country having its own system of
valuation. The statistics are, in most cases, for the calendar year 1903, or the fiscal year 1903-1904.

60,968,500

11. 16s. 7d.

162,583,000
291. 188. 8d.

6,885,700
11. 58. Od.

14,219,200
21. 78. 8d.

90,850,000
148. 10d.

2,398,700
198. 2d.

32,425,200
11. 148. 9d.

21,798,480
41. 38. 6d.

10,737,040
4l. 158. 10d.

36,642,300
111. 1s. Od.

14,032,300
118. 10d.

300,817,900
71. Os. 7d.

298,515,600
31. 188. 3d.

28,295,000
18. 5d.

28,950,240
12s. 5d.

1 For Austria and Hungary separately the separate Revenue and Expenditure are stated; for Austria-Hungary the General Debt and
the Common Revenue and Common Expenditure which is comprised also in the expenditure of the separate countries. The Commerce
of Austria-Hungary is that of the Common Customs Territory; that of Hungary is its own external trade, over three-fourths of it
being with Austria.

2 But the net debt (cash in the Treasury being deducted) is only 201,284, 2001., or 21. 12s. 8d. per head.