Billeder på siden
PDF
ePub
[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed]

The chief exports are: to Germany, cereals, eggs, timber and flax; to United Kingdom, cereals, timber, eggs and flax; to Netherlands, cereals and timber; to France and Belgium, cereals and flax.

The quantities of cereals (in 1,000 pouds) exported from Russia to different countries of Europe in 1902 and 1903 appear as follows:

[blocks in formation]

The imports from Russia into the United Kingdom, and the exports of British home produce to Russia, according to the Board of Trade Returns, are shown in the subjoined table :

Imports from Russia into U. K.

Exports to Russia from U. K..

[blocks in formation]

18,711,168 21,974,952 21,903,574 25,673,958 30,932,997

11,720,333 11,C01,300 8,673,334 8,635,393 9,114,434

The chief articles of import from Russia into the United Kingdom and of export (domestic produce and manufactures) from the United Kingdom to Russia in two years were:

[blocks in formation]

Other imports from Russia are butter, 2,190,5607.; hair, 154,2867. ; hemp, 285,9407.; oil-seed cake, 293,6517.; poultry and game, 324,0877. skins and furs, 107,7837. ; maize, 914,4177.; petroleum, 1,892,2077. in 1903. Minor British exports to Russia are chemicals, 132,5817.; cottons and yarn, 253,6117.; herring, 527,0797. in 1903.

The quantities of wheat imported from Russia into the United Kingdom in recent years from both the northern and southern ports of the Empire, were as follows:-1897, 15,049,900 cwts.; 1901, 2,541,500 cwts. ; 1902, 6,540,457 cwt.; 1903, 17,176,300 cwt.

The chief Russian fair is that of Nizhnii Novgorod. Owing to the commercial development of Russia, the construction of railways, and especially of the Siberian railway, the employment of commercial travellers, and other causes, the character of the fair has changed, but statistics show little variation in the amount or the value of the business transacted. The goods annually brought to market amount to about 17,000,000l. sterling. They include raw cotton from Bokhara, Kokand, and Tashkent; Russian and Bokharan wool (the latter bought in large quantities for American carpet weaving); horse-hair, cow-hair, goat-hair, and camel-hair; skins and furs, cow-hides, and horse-hides. Among manufactured articles which change hands are cotton, woollen, and silk goods, and ready-made clothes; sacks for the Russian sugar, salt, cement, and other industries, sail-cloth, iron, leather, paper, earthenware, glass, illuminant oils, perfumery, rice, coffee, tea, sugar, fish (herring), and dried fruits.

Shipping and Navigation.

On January 1, 1903, the registered mercantile marine of Russia consisted of 818 steamers, of 384,857 tons register, and 2,482 sailing vessels, of 283,686 tons register; total, 3,300 vessels, of 668,543 tons. In 1902, 161 steamers of 60,717 tons, and 854 sailing vessels of 103,741 tons belonged to the Baltic; 44 steamers of 7,855 tons and 423 sailing vessels of 24,566 tons to the White Sea; 342 steamers of 192,970 tons, and 644 sailing vessels of 41,151 tons to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov; 271 steamers of 123,315 tons, and 561 sailing vessels of 114,228 tons to the Caspian Sea.

In 1901, 1902 and 1903 the navigation in the ports of Russia and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus appeared as follows for vessels above 20 tons :

[blocks in formation]

In 1902, 48,877 coasting vessels visited the ports of the White Sea, Baltic, and Black Sea, 22,258 coasting vessels entered the ports of the Caspian Sea, and 124 coasting vessels entered the ports of the Pacific coast.

The merchant vessels entered and cleared at the ports of European Russia appeared as follows for the last three years :

[blocks in formation]

In European Russia (exclusive of Finland) there are 76,500 miles of rivers, canals and lakes, 16,680 miles being navigable for steamers, 8,105 for small sailing vessels, 26, 800 for rafts.

The following tables give the results of the census of river fleet of Russian Empire in 1900, compared with those of 1890 and 1895. Number of vessels and their crew :

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

The horse-power of the river steam fleet in 1890 was 103,206; in 1895, 129,759; in 1900, 165,004. The tonnage of vessels not provided with steam power-In 1890, was 6,468,835 tons; in 1895, 8,495,215; in 1900, 10,869,583.

The traffic on the rivers (in thousands of tons) was :-

[blocks in formation]

Siberia has 30,000 miles of navigable rivers, and Central Asia 2,000 miles.

The naphtha flotilla of the Caspian Sea numbers 57 steamers and 263 sailing vessels, which have transported above 30,000,000 cwt. of naphtha.

II. RAILWAYS.

The railway-net open for traffic on January 1, 1904, had a length of 36,452 miles, of which 31,299 miles in European Russia, 5,153 miles in Asiatic Russia. The length of the lines belonging to and worked by the Government, is 24,311 miles; that of the lines belonging to public companies, is 10,873 miles; short local lines, 1,268.

The whole network of Russian railways consists of 28 lines uninterruptedly connected with each other and of 11 isolated lines. Of the former 19 are worked by the Government (60 per cent.), and 9 by public companies (40 per cent.); while in 1889, it was 42 companies working 764 per cent. of all the In 1889 the State had 30 millions of roubles of loss; from 1895 the working by the Government yields to the State revenues: in 1895, 2,275,000 roubles; in 1896, 12,342,000 roubles; in 1897, 12,631,000 roubles; in 1898, 20,320,000 roubles; in 1899, 15,358,000 roubles; in 1900, 13,251,000 roubles. In 1901 the State had 11,517,000 roubles of loss.

net.

The progress of the railways of European Russia (exclusive of Finland and the short local lines) is seen from the following table :

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]

The most important lines open for traffic in 1903-04 in European Russia are: Warsaw-Kalisz, 155 miles; Arzamas-Nizhnii-Novgorod, 80 miles;

« ForrigeFortsæt »