The capital of the public debt was estimated to amount to 545,166,400 marks on April 1, 1903, of which the bulk bears interest at 3 per cent. The debt of the Kingdom is divided into two portions-namely, the general debt and the railway debt. The latter, forming by far the largest portion of the total, amounted to 486,752,839 marks on April 1, 1903. The total debt amounts to about 251 marks, or 127. 11s. per head of the population, and the charge (interest and sinking fund) for 1903-1904 to 21,664,563 marks, or about 9s. 6d. per head. The net income of the railways, all expenses deducted, amounts to (1902-03) 16,933,112 marks, covering 78 per cent. of the charge of the whole public debt.

Army.

The total strength of the Württemberg corps d'armée (the 13th of Ger. many) had on the peace footing, 1904, 23,853 men, 4,250 horses, and 144 guns. In 1903, 10,790 men were called out; 1,183 men enlisted voluntarily.

Industry.

Württemberg is primarily an agricultural State, and 2,948,900 acres, of 64 per cent. of the entire area, are under cultivation, and 1,482,240 acres, or 31 per cent., under forest. On June 14, 1895, the total number of agricultural tenements, each cultivated by one household, was as follows:

Total

306,643

Their total area was 1,498,949 hectares. They supported 1,080,032 persons, of whom 429,624 were actively engaged upon them.

The areas under the principal crops (in hectares), and the yield (in metric

tons) per hectare in 1903, and the average annual yield for 1899-1901 were as follows:

In 1903 vines occupied 16,805 hectares, and yielded 437,205 hectolitres of wine.

In 1902 were produced 3,792,253 hectolitres of beer. The total value of the minerals raised in the kingdom in 1903 was 3,223,900 marks.

On March 31, 1903, the length of the State railways of Württemberg was 1,182 miles, of which 1,072 miles were within the State and 110 miles in neighbouring States. Other States had within Württemberg 15 miles of railway; private railways in Württemberg had a length of 134 miles.

British Minister.-Reginald Th. Tower (residing at Munich).
Consul at Stuttgart.-Frederick Rose.

References.

The following publications of the Royal Statistical Landesamt, Stuttgart: Württembergische Jahrbücher für Statistik und Landeskunde. Mitteilungen des K. Statistischen Landesamts monatlich als Beilage zum Staatsanzeiger für Württemberg erscheinend. Das Königreich Württemberg: Eine Beschreibung von Land, Volk, und Staat: 3 Bände. Der Königreich Württemberg: Eine beschreibung nach Kreisen, Oberämtern, und Gemeinden. Stuttgart, 1904. Oberamtsbeschreibungen, neue Folge. Kartenwerk des Königreichs Württemberg. Hauptfinanzetat des Königreichs Württemberg. The new series of "Württembergische Jahrbücher" contains Chronicle and Necrology for the past year, and copious lists of publications, official and other, relating to the kingdom, in addition to much historical and statistical information concerning the population and products of Württemberg.

Foreign Office Reports. Miscellaneous Series, No. 566, 1901. Report on Schools. London, 1901. Baedeker's Southern Germany. 9th ed. Leipzig, 1902.

GREECE.

(KINGDOM OF HELLAS.)
Reigning King.

Georgios I., born December 24, 1845, N.S., the second son (Wilhelm) of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-SonderburgGlücksburg, present King of Denmark; elected King of the Hellenes by the National Assembly at Athens, March 18 (30), 1863; accepted the crown, through his father the King of Denmark, acting as his guardian, June 4, 1863; declared of age by decree of the National Assembly, June 27, 1863; landed in Greece November 2, 1863; married, October 27, 1867, to Queen' Olga, born August 22 (September 3), 1851, the eldest daughter of Grand-duke Constantine of Russia, brother of the late Emperor Alexander II.

Children of the King.

I. Prince Konstantinos, Duke of Sparta, heir-apparent, born August 2, 1868; married October 27, 1889, to Princess Sophia, Princess of Prussia, sister of the Emperor William II. Offspring-1. Prince Georgios, born July 19, 1890. 2. Prince Alexandros, born August 1, 1893. 3. Princess Heléne, born May 2, 1896. 4. Prince Paulos, born December 14, 1901. 5. Princess Irene, born February 14, 1904. II. Prince Georgios, born June 24, 1869; High Commissioner in Crete, December 1898. III. Prince Nicolaos, born January 21, 1872; married August 29, 1902, to the Grand-Duchess Helena Vladimirowna, daughter of the Grand-Duke Vladimir of Russia; offspring, Princess Olga, born June 11, 1903; Princess Elizabeth, born May 23, 1904. IV. Princess María, born March 3, 1876; married April 30, 1900, to the Grand-duke George Michailovitch of Russia. V. Prince Andréas, born February 1, 1882; married October 7, 1903, to Princess Alice, daughter of Prince Louis of Battenberg. VI. Prince Christophoros, born August 10, 1888.

By decision of the Greek National Assembly of May 15, 1863, a civil list of 1,125,000 drachmai was settled on King Georgios I., to which the Governments of Great Britain, France, and Russia added 4,000l. each, making the total income of the sovereign of Greece about 52,000l. per annum. An annuity of 200,000 drachmai is allowed to the heir-apparent since he came of August 1886.

age

in

Greece, a province of the Turkish Empire since the cominencement of the 16th century, gained its independence in the insurrection of 1821-29, and by the Protocol of London, of February 3, 1830, was declared a kingdom, under the protection of Great Britain, France, and Russia. Prince Leopold of SaxeCoburg having declined the crown of Greece, on the ground that the boun

daries proposed were insufficient, and especially excluded the island of Crete, it was offered to, and accepted by, Prince Otto of Bavaria, who ascended the throne January 25, 1833, being under the age of eighteen. He was expelled the Kingdom, after a reign of 29 years, in October, 1862, which event was followed by the election, under the directing guidance of the three protecting Powers, of the present sovereign.

The King, according to Art. 49 of the Constitution of 1864, attains his majority upon completing his eighteenth year. Before he ascends the throne, he must take the oath to the Constitution in the presence of the ministers, the sacred synod, the deputies then in the metropolis, and the higher officials of the realm. Within two months at the most the King must convoke the Legislature. If the successor to the throne is either a minor or absent at the time of the King's decease, and no Regent has been appointed, the Legislative Chamber has to assemble of its own accord within ten days after the occurrence of that event. The constitutional royal authority in this case has to be exercised by the ministerial council, until the choice of a Regent, or the arrival of the successor to the throne. The present sovereign is allowed, by special exception, to adhere to the religion in which he was educated, the Protestant Lutheran faith, but his heirs and successors must be members of the Greek Orthodox Church.

Constitution and Government.

The Constitution of Greece, adopted October 29, 1864, vests the whole legislative power in a single chamber, called the Bulé, consisting of 235 representatives, elected by manhood suffrage (in the proportion of 1 for every 12,000 inhabitants) for the term of four years. Representatives must be at least 30 years of age, and electors 21. The elections take place by ballot, and each candidate must be put in nomination by the requisition of at least one-thirtieth of the voters of an electoral district. At the election of 1881 there were 460,163 voters on the list, being 1 voter in every 4.3 of the population ; the number who voted was 306,957, or 66 per cent. of the voters. The Bulé must meet annually for not less than three, nor more than six months. No sitting is valid unless at least one-half of the members of the Assembly are present, and no bill can pass into law without an absolute majority of members. Every measure, before being adopted, must be discussed and voted, article by article, thrice, and on three separate days. But the Legislative Assembly has no power to alter the Constitution itself; particular provisions may be reviewed after the lapse of ten years, with the exception of 'fundamental principles.' The Chamber of Deputies, unless specially convoked at an earlier date, for extraordinary occasions, must meet on November 1 (old style) of every year. The deputies are paid 2,000 old drachmai (equal to 1,800 new drachmai, or 727.) each per session; for an extra session the allowance varies according to its length from 20l. to 721.

The estimated revenue and expenditure for three years are:-1902, 1,674,963 marks; 1903, 1,673,727 marks; 1904, 1,673,622 marks. The debt on July 1, 1904, was 1,793,100 marks.

:

The Principality is divided for administrative purposes into circles Waldeck: Twiste, population, 16, 430; Eisenberge, population, 17,593; Eder, population, 15,259; Pyrmont: population, 8,636-total, 57,918 in December, 1900.

Except 1,831 Catholics and 637 Jews, the people are Protestants. The residence town, Arolsen, has (1900) 2,734 inhabitants.

British Minister-Resident.-Viscount Gough, K. C. V.O.
Consul-General.-Sir William Ward, C. V.O. (Hamburg).

Reference.

Waldeckischer Landes-Kalender. Mengeringhausen. Annual.

WÜRTTEMBERG.

(KÖNIGREICH WÜRTTEMBERG.)
Reigning King.

Wilhelm II., King of Württemberg, born February 25, 1848; son of the late Prince Friedrich of Württemberg (cousin of the late king Karl I.) and of the late Princess Katharine of Württemberg (sister of the late king); ascended the throne on the death of Karl I., October 6, 1891. Married (1), February 15, 1877, to Princess Maric of Waldeck-Pyrmont, who died April 30, 1882; issue of this union, Princess Pauline, born December 19, 1877, married October 29, 1898, to Prince Friedrich of Wied. (2), April 8, 1886, Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe.

The former Duchy and Electorate of Württemberg was erected into a Kingdom by the Peace of Pressburg, 1805, and by a decree of January 1, 1806. The civil list of the king amounts to 2,023,825 marks, with additional grants of 50,572 marks for the other members of the royal family.

Constitution and Government.

Württemberg is a constitutional hereditary Monarchy, the Constitution of which bears date September 25, 1819. It vests certain powers in the Landstände, or two Estates' of the realm, called together at least every two years to discuss and sanction the estimates. The Upper Chamber, or House of Standesherren, is composed of the princes of the royal family, of the heads of twenty mediatised houses which were before 1806 endowed with votes in the Imperial Diet, and a number of members nominated by the king hereditarily or for life, which number, however, must not exceed one-third of that of the two other categories (there are now eight, two hereditary). The Second Chamber, or House of Deputies (Abgeordneten), consists of thirteen members of the nobility, elected by the Ritterschaft (Equestrian Order) of the Kingdom: six dignitaries of the Evangelical clergy; three dignitaries of the Catholic clergy; the chancellor of the University of Tübingen; seven deputies of towns (gute Städte'), and sixty-three of districts ('Ŏberämter'), elected by all citizens over twenty-five years of age by secret ballot. All the members of the Second Chamber are chosen for six years, and they must be thirty years of age; property qualification is not necessary. The president of the Upper Chamber is appointed by the king, the vice-president is elected by the Chamber from among the mediatised princes and nobles (royal princes and