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statistics) in the last 3 years, ending June 30, was as follows, in U.S. dollars::

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In 1903, the chief imports into the United States from Japan were raw silk, 24,725,285 dollars; silk manufactures, 3,961,530 dollars; tea, 4,628,125 dollars; matting, 2,701,358 dollars. The chief U.S. exports to Japan were cotton, 7,434,718 dollars; mineral oil, 3,472,708 dollars; wheat flour, 2,247,199 dollars.

Shipping and Navigation.

The following are the shipping statistics of the Japanese ports (without Formosa), exclusive of coasting trade, for 1903, each vessel being counted at every Japanese port it entered :

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Of the total foreign ships entered in 1903, 1,777 of 4,758,534 tons were British; 427 of 1,277,278 tons German; 265 of 353,667 tons Russian : 407 of 392,343 tons Norwegian; 284 of 975,834 tons American; 113 of 234,408 tons French. Of the total shipping in 1903, 1,175 vessels of 2,007,153 tons entered Nagasaki; 982 of 2,542,292 tons Yokohama; 1,807 of 3,864,587 tons Kobé; 2,049 of 3,577,758 tons Moji.

In 1903 the merchant navy of Japan (without Formosa) consisted of 1,088 steamers of European type above 20 tons, of 657,269 tons; 3,514 sailing vessels of European type above 20 tons, of 322,154 tons; and 1,114 native craft above 200 "koku," of 475,988 "koku.'

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Internal Communications.

Railways are of two classes-(1) State railways; (2) railways owned by private companies, 47 in number (March, 1904), 3 of them supported in a certain way by Government. The railways have a gauge of 3 ft. 8 in. The following table gives the railway statistics (including, except for revenue and expenditure, those of Formosa) for 1903-04 :

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The following are postal and telegraphic statistics for four fiscal years :

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In March, 1904, there were 3,021 miles of telephone (42,287 miles of wire), with 5 telephone bureaus, 323 call offices, and 35,605 subscribers.

Money and Credit.

The following table shows the amount of coinage issued in the fiscal years stated (ending 31st March):

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The total coinage issued from the mint from its foundation in 1870 up to March 31, 1904, exclusive of re-coinage, amounted to 524,236,031 yen.

The paper money in circulation is Nippon Ginko notes, or notes of the Bank of Japan, exchangeable for gold on presentation, amounted on March 31, 1904, to 213,149,185 yen.

The following table shows the condition of banks on December 31,

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Money, Weights, and Measures.

The present monetary law came into force from October, 1897, by which gold standard was adopted. The unit of value is 0.75 grammes of pure gold, and is called the yen, which, however, is not coined. The pieces coined are as follows:- Gold coins (20, 10, and 5 yen pieces), silver coins (50, 20, and 10 sen pieces), nickel coin (5 sen piece), and bronze coins (1 sen and 5 rin pieces). The sen is the hundredth part of a yen, and the rin is the tenth part of a sen. The gold coins are 900 fine, and the silver coins 800 fine. The gold coins formerly issued (20, 10, 5, 2, and 1 yen pieces) are used at double their face value. The one-yen silver coin formerly issued is withdrawn. The old silver 5-sen piece and copper 2, 1, sen pieces, &c., are used as formerly.

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1.325 lb. avoirdupois.

8.281 lbs.

994 foot.

1,193 inches.

5.965 feet.

mile, 5.4229 chains. 2.44 miles.

5 9552 sq. miles.
2.45 acres.

39.7033 gallons.
4.9629 bushels.

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3.9703 gallons.
1.9851 peck.

Besides, the system of weights and measures based on the metric system is acknowledged as legal in the following ratios.

1 metre 1=3 3.3 shaku.

1 gram =

0.26667 mommé (1 mommé).

Diplomatic Representatives.

1. OF JAPAN IN GREAT BRITAIN.

Envoy and Minister.-Viscount Tadasu Hayashi.
Second Secretaries.-Moritaro Abé and Chozo Koiké,
Third Secretary.-Yukichi Obata.

Brandt (M. von), Ostasiatische Fragen. Leipzic, 1897.

Brinkley (F.) (Editor), Japan Described and Illustrated by Native Authorities. London, 1898-Japan and China: their History, Arts, &c. 12 vols. London, 1903-04. Browne (G. W.), Japan, the Place and the People. London, 1905.

Brownell (C. L.), The Heart of Japan. 2d. ed. London, 1904.

Caron, Account of Japan (1635). In Vol. VII. of Pinkerton's Collection. 4. London, 1811. Chamberlain (B. H.), Things Japanese, 4th ed. 8. London, 1902.

Clark (J. D.), Formosa. Shanghai, 1896.

Clement (F. W), Handbook of Modern Japan. London, 1904.

Cordier (H.), Bibliographie des Ouvrages relatifs à l'Ile Formosa. [Up to end of 1892]. Paris, 1893.

Davidson (A. M. C.), Present-day Japan. London, 1904.
Davidson (J. W.), The Island of Formosa.

London, 1903.

Diósy (A.), The New Far East. London, 1898.

Dixon (W. G.), The Land of the Morning. Edinburgh, 1882.

8. Edinburgh, 1889.

Gleanings from Japan.

Dumolard (H.), Le Japon Politique, Economique, et Social. Paris, 1903.
Dyer (H.), Dai Nippon. London, 1904.

Eastlake (F. W.), and Yoshi-Aki (Yamada), Heroic Japan. History of the China-Japanese War. London, 1897.

Eggermont (L.), Le Japon. Bruxelles, 1901.

Fraser (Mrs. Hugh), A Diplomatist's Wife in Japan. 2 vols. London, 1900.

Griffis (W. E.), The Religions of Japan. London, 1895.--Verbeck of Japan. London, 1900. -The Mikado's Empire. 10th ed. New York and London, 1903.

Harris (Townsend), First American Envoy to Japan. [Journals.] 8. London, 1895. Hartshorne (Anna C.), Japan and Her People. 2 vols. London, 1904.

Hearn (L.), Kokoro, Hints of the Japanese Inner Life. London, 1902.-Kotto: being Japanese Curios. London, 1902.-In Ghostly Japan. London, 1899.-Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan. 2 vols. London, 1903.-Gleanings in Buddha Fields, 1903.-Studies of Hand and Soul in the Far East, 1903.-Out of the East (new Japan), 1903.-Stray Leaves from Strange Literature. London, 1903.--Japan, An Attempt at Interpretation. London, 1904.

Heine (W.), Japan: Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Landes und seiner Bewohner. Fol Leipzig, 1873.

Hitomi (I.), Daï Nippon: Le Japon. Paris, 1900.
Hubbard (R. B.), The United States in the Far East.
Johnston (J.), China and Formosa. London, 1897.

London, 1900.

Knapp (A. M.), Feudal and Modern Japan. 2 vols. London, 1898.

Koch (W.), Japan: Geschichte nach japanischen Quellen und ethnographische skizzen. Dresden, 1904.

La Farge (J.), An Artist's Letters from Japan. London, 1897.
Landor (A. H. Savage), Alone with the Hairy Ainu. London, 1893.
Lane-Poole (Stanley), Life of Sir Harry Parkes, K.C.B.

2 vols. 8. London, 1894.

Layrle (J.), La Restauration impériale au Japon. 8. Paris, 1893.

Leupe (P. A.), Reise van Maarten Gerritz-Uries in 1643 naar net noorden en oosten van pan. 8. Amsterdam, 1858.

Mackay (G. L.), From Far Formosa. 3d. ed. Edinburgh, 1900.

Mazeliere (Marquis de la), Essai sur l'Histoire du Japon. Paris, 1899.

Morris (J.), Japan and its Trade. London, 1902.

Murray's Handbook for Japan. By B. H. Chamberlain and W. B. Mason. 7th ed. London, 1903.

Murray (D.), Japan, in "Story of the Nations" Series.

8. London, 1894.

Norman (H.), The Real Japan. London, 1892.-The Peoples and Politics of the Far East. 8. 2nd ed. London, 1900.

Okakura-Kakuzo, The Awakening of Japan. London, 1905.

Oliphant (L.), Lord Elgin's Mission to China and Japan, 1856-59. 2 vols. 8. London, 1860. Percy (R. B.), The Gist of Japan. London, 1897.

Pickering (W. A.), Pioneering in Formosa. London, 1898.

Ransome (Stafford), Japan in Transition. London, 1899.

Reclus (Elisée), Géographie universelle. Vol. VII. L'Asie orientale. Paris, 1882.

Reed (Sir E. J.), Japan: its History, Traditions, and Religions, with the Narrative of a Visit in 1879. 2 vols. London, 1880.

Rein (Dr. J.), Japan nach Reisen und Studien. Vol. I. 1880. Vol. II. 1886. The Industries of Japan. London, 1889.

Reynoso (D. F. de), En el Corte del Mikado. Madrid, 1904.

Rittner (G. H.), Impressions of Japan. London, 1904.

Satow (E. M.) Handbook for Travellers in Japan. 3d. ed. 8. London, 1891.

Scherer (J. A. B.), Japan To-day. London, 1904.

Siebold (Ph. Franz von), Nippon: Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan. New ed, Wurzburg, 1897.

1.323

The quantity of camphor exported in 1897 was 1,534,596 kin (1 kin = lbs.), and of camphor oil, 638,603 kin. In 1903, 3,588,814 kin of camphor and 2,670,561 kin of camphor oil were exported.

The chief mineral products are gold, silver, coal, and sulphur. In 1901, the out-put of gold was 283,208 mommé (2·41 dwt.); of silver, 2,732,860 kin; of coal, 62,703 tons.

The commerce of Formosa is largely with Japan, the chief foreign countries with which there is traffic being China and the United States of America. In 1903 the imports of merchandise comprised the value of 11,194,029 yen from Japan, and 10,772,372 yen from other countries, while the exports of merchandise comprised 9,729,460 yen to Japan and 11,078,381 yen to other countries. The chief exports were black tea, 5,963,474 yen, and camphor, 2,518,305 yen. In 1903, 1,859 vessels of 184,233 tons (foreign trade) visited the ports of Formosa.

Roads have been and are being constructed throughout the Island. There are now about 155 miles of railway open and over 125 miles of light railway. There are 119 post offices, and 73 telegraph offices connected by 2,600 miles of wire.

The Government Savings Bank had, in 1902, 41,145 depositors with 763,515 yen to their credit.

The coinage current in the Island is that of Japan.

Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Japan. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Constitution of the Empire of Japan. Tokio, 1889.

General Outlines of Education in Japan. Tokio, 1884.

Foreign Office Reports. Annual Series and Miscellaneous Series. 8. London.
Reports of the various Government Departments. Annual. Tokio.

Résumé statistique de l'empire du Japon. Annual. Tokio.

Returns of the Foreign Commerce and Trade of Japan. Anuual. Tokio.

The Post Bellum Administration in Japan, 1896-1900. Report by Count Matsukata Mayayoshi. Tokio, 1900.

Outlines of the Geology of Japan. Tokio, 1902.-Imperial Geological Survey of Japan. Tokio, 1904.

Japan in the Beginning of the 20th Century. Compiled in the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. London, 1901.

Jane (F. T.), All the World's Fighting Ships, Japanese Fleet Statistics in. Annual. London.

Perkins (N.), Report on Formosa. [Contains list of works on Formosa]. London, 1896.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Adams (F. O.), History of Japan, from the earliest period to the present time. 2 vols. S. London, 1875.

Alcock (Sir Rutherford), The Capital of the Tycoon; a Narrative of a three years' Residence in Japan. 2 vols. 8. London, 1863.

Angus (D. C.), Japan, the Eastern Wonderiand.
Arnold (Sir Edwin), Seas and Lands. 2 vols.

Japan. 8. London, 1892.

London, 1904.

London, 1891. Japonica: Essays on

Aston (W. G.), Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to 697 A.D. 2 vols. London, 1897.

Bacon (Alice M.), Japanese Girls and Women. 2d. ed. London, 1905.

Batchelor (John), The Ainu and their Folk-lore. London, 1902.-Sea-Girt Yezo. London, 1902.

Baxter (K. S.), In Bamboo Lands. London, 1897.

Beaulieu (P. Leroy), Rénovation de l'Asie (Sibérie, Chine, Japon). Paris, 1900. [Eng. Trans. the Awakening of the East. London, 1900.]

Berkeley (H.), Japanese Letters. 8. London, 1891..

Bickersteth (M. J.), Japan as we saw it. S. London, 1893.

Bird (Miss J. L.), Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. 2 vols. London, 1880.

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