Cartesius cum sua naturali philosophia a mechanicis eversus (Descartes and his natural philosophy overthrown by arguments derived from mechanical principles). Amsterdam.

De natura caloris et frigoris (On the nature of heat and cold). Amsterdam.

1668. Unum necessarium (The one thing needful). Amsterdam.

II. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

(a) Writings of Comenius

1.

The great didactic.

2.

Translated with introductions, biographical and historical, by M. W. Keatinge. London: Adam and Charles Black. 1896. pp. 468.

This first complete translation of Comenius' most philosophic work is admirably done. The biographical introduction is given ninety-eight pages, and the historical introduction fifty pages. These are both interesting and critical. The book unfortunately is not

indexed.

The school of infancy: an essay on the education of youth during the first six years. Edited with an introduction and notes by Will S. Monroe. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co. 1896. London: Isbister & Co. 1897. pp. xvi+99.

There are numerous foot-notes, intended to show the origin of Comenius' educational ideals and the influence of his writings on later educators. Collateral reading references are given at the end of each chapter, and in the appendix there is a reasonably complete bibliography of Comenius literature.

3. The orbis pictus. Translated into English by Charles Hoole. London: John and Benj. Sprint, 1728. Syracuse, N.Y.: C. W. Bardeen. 1887. pp. 100.

This is a very satisfactory reproduction of the famous Hoole translation by the photographic process. Some of the cuts are indistinct, but Mr. Bardeen wisely refrained from retouching them, preferring occasional indistinctness to modern tampering with the originals.

4. John Amos Comenius: his life and educational work. By S. S. Laurie. Boston Willard Small. 1885. pp. 229.

The introduction (pp. 1-16) gives the effect of the Renaissance on education; a brief but appreciative sketch of the life of Comenius follows (pp. 17-64); and the remainder of the book is given to an exposition of his writings.

5. Grosse Unterrichtslehre. Aus dem Lateinischen übersetzt mit Einleitungen und Anmerkungen versehen von Julius Beeger und Franz Zoubek. Leipzig: Siegismund und Volkening. No date. pp. clxxvii+280.

The sketch of the life of Comenius (176 pp.) is by Zoubek, and the translation of the Great didactic from the Latin into German by Beeger.

6. Ausgewählte Schriften. Aus dem Lateinischen übersetzt und mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen versehen von Julius Beeger und J. Leutbecher. Leipzig: Siegismund und Volkening. No date. pp. xvi+359.

A collection of the miscellaneous educational writings of Comenius, including the School of infancy, Panegersia, and fragments of the Pansophy.

7. Grosse Unterrichtslehre. Mit einer Einleitung: J. Comenius, sein Leben und Wirken. Einleitung, Ubersetzung und Commentar von Gustav Adolph Lindner. Wien und Leipzig: A. Pichler's Witwe und Sohn. 1892. pp. lxxxix+311.

8.

Perhaps the best German edition of the Great didactic. The biographical sketch is less valuable than the one in the edition by Beeger and Zoubek; but the annotations on the Great didactic, covering about forty pages, give it special pedagogic value.

Ueber "Eins ist noth" ("Unum necessarium").

Joh. Amos Comenius.

ler. 1892. pp. 22.

Von

Znaim: Fournier und Haber

A convenient edition of Comenius' pathetic swan song,

"The one thing needful."

(b) Biographical and Critical

1. Educational Review. Nicholas Murray Butler, editor. New York: Educational Review Publishing Co. March, 1892.

Vol. III. pp. 209–236.

The issue for March, 1892, is a Comenius number. It contains a brief on Comenius by Professor Butler (pp. 209-211); "The place of Comenius in the history of education," by Professor Laurie (pp. 211-223); "The text-books of Comenius," by Mr. C. W. Bardeen (pp. 223236); and "The permanent influence of Comenius," by Professor Hanus (pp. 226–236).

2. Proceedings of the National Educational Association for 1892. pp. 703-728.

The department of superintendence of the National Educational Association, in connection with the meeting at Brooklyn, February 16-18, 1892, held exercises in commemoration of the three-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Comenius, with the following addresses: "Private life and personal characteristics," Dr. John Max Hark (pp. 703-711); "Text-books of Comenius," Superintendent William H. Maxwell (pp. 712-723); "Place of Comenius in the history of education," Professor Nicholas Murray Butler (pp. 723-728).

3. Essays on educational reformers. By Robert Hebert Quick. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1893. pp. 119-171.

One of the best brief critical surveys of the writings of Comenius and written in the fascinating style of the genial Quick.

4. History of pedagogy. By Gabriel Compayré. Translated by W. H. Payne. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co. 1886. pp. 122-136.

A brief summary of Comenius' most important contributions to primary instruction.

5. The educational ideal: an outline of its growth in modern times. By James Phinney Munroe. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co. 1895. pp. 68-94.

A concise and critical survey of the reforms of Comenius

N

and the other realists.

After Quick, the best brief survey

of the modern movement; and at many points it supple

ments Quick.

6. Barnard's American Journal of Education.

Published at Hartford by the editor, Henry Barnard. June, 1858. Vol. V. pp. 257-298.

Dr. Barnard was one of the earliest to call attention to the pedagogic value of Comenius' writings. This translation from Karl von Raumer's Geschichte der Pädagogik was, up to the time Professor Laurie's book appeared, the only comprehensive study of Comenius in English. Raumer, however, is not an impartial critic of the realists. The history of the unitas fratrum. By Edmund de Schweinitz. Bethlehem, Penn.: Moravian Publication Office. 1885. pp. 693.

An authoritative account of the Moravian Brethren and of Comenius' relation to the same.

8. Monatshefte der Comenius-Gesellschaft.

editor. Berlin Hermann Heyfelder.

volumes.

Ludwig Kellar,

1892-1900. 10

A high grade bi-monthly review published by the Comenius Society in the interest of education generally, and in particular of the views held by the Moravian reformer. The review is a mine of rich material on Comenius and his contempories.

9. Leben und Schicksale des Johann Amos Comenius. Von Anton Vrbka. Znaim: Fournier und Haberler. 1892. pp. 160:

The best brief German life of Comenius. It is accurate and sympathetic, and contains 17 wood-cuts.

10. Über des Johann Amos Comenius Leben und Wirksamkeit. Von Anton Gindely. Znaim: Fournier und Haberler. 1893. pp. 109.

Another brief German work. Professor Gindely is a Roman Catholic, and while he writes of Comenius with less enthusiasm, he presents his life with critical fairness. 11. Johann Amos Comenius: sein Leben und seine Schriften. Von Johann Kvacsala. Berlin: Julius Klinkhardt. 1892. pp. 480 + 89.

This, so far as I know, is the most comprehensive life of Comenius to be found in any language; but at many points it is unnecessarily tedious and diffuse.

12. Rein's Encyclopädisches Handbuch der Pädagogik. Langensalza: Hermann Beyer und Söhne. 558-569.

An excellent brief article by A. Nebe.

Vol. I. pp.

An article on

the Comenius-Stiftung follows (pp. 569-573).

13. Der Anschauungsunterricht in der deutschen Schule von Amos Comenius bis zur Gegenwart. Von Gottlieb Gustav Deussing. Frankenberg: C. C. Rossberg.

pp. 66.

1884.

A historical and critical dissertation on the growth of object teaching and nature study.

14. Die pädagogischen Grundgedanken des Amos Comenius. Von Hermann Gottsched. Magdeburg: A. und R. Faber. 1879. pp. 64.

A dissertation on Comenius' philosophy of education. 15. Comenius: ein Systematiker in der Pädagogik. Von Walter Müller. Dresden: Bleyl und Kaemmer. 1887. pp. 50.

A dissertation on the contributions of Comenius to systematic pedagogy and school systems.

16. Die Pädagogik des Spaniers Johann Ludwig Vives und sein Einfluss auf Joh. Amos Comenius. Erlangen: Junge und Sohn. 1890. pp. 69.

Indicates traces of the educational theories of Comenius in the writings of Vives.

17. Die Didaktik Basedows im Vergleiche zur Didaktik des Comenius. Von Petru Garbovicianu. Bucharest: Carol Göbl. 1887. pp. 82.

The influence of the Great didactic of Comenius on Basedow and his institution is pointed out.

18. Schmidt's Encyclopädie des gesammten Erziehungs und Unterrichtswesen. Gotha: Besser. 1876. Vol. I. pp.

941-951.

The article is by G. Baur. It is less comprehensive, although more sympathetic, than the article in Raumer's Geschichte der Pädagogik.