something we have not in England.' Under this idea he planted it in his garden, and it produced the willow tree which has given birth to so many others. When Lord Mendip purchased Pope's Villa, at Twickenham, he made various alterations in the grounds, and ordered the willow to be cut down."

TRETANE.

HISTORY OF BRIGGS'S LOGARITHMS.-It is a remarkable circumstance in the history of mathematics, that the logarithms of the first thousand integral numbers, although calculated and printed by an Englishman in London, has never yet been correctly described by the historians. Henry Briggs printed what he called Logarithmorum Chilias Prima, on sixteen leaves of duodecimo size, without any indication of place or time, introducing them with the following remarks, which I quote entire:

"Quam autor typis excudendam curavit non eo concilio vt publici juris fieret; sed partim, vt quorundam suorum necessariorum desiderio privatim satisfaceret: partim, ut ejus adjumento, non solum Chiliadas aliquot insequentes, sed etiam integrum Logarithmorum Canonem, omnium Triangulorum Calculo inservientem commodius absolveret. Habet enim Canonem Sinuum à se ipso, ante Decennium per æquationes Algebraicas et

differentias ipsis Sinubus proportionales pro singulis gradibus et graduum centesimis, a primis fundamentis accurate extractum; quem una cum Logarithmis adjunctis, volente Deo, in lucem se daturam sperat, quam, primum commode licuerit.

"Quod autem hi Logarithmi diversi sint ab iis, quos clarissimus inventor, memoriæ semper colendæ, in suo edidit canone mirifico; sperandum, ejus librum posthumum abunde nobis propediem satisfacturum. Qui autori (cum eum domi suæ, Edinburgi, bis invisserit et apud eum humanissime exceptus per aliquot septimanas libentissime mansisset; eique horum partem præcipuam quam tum absoluerat ostendisset) suadere non destitit, ut hunc in se laborem susciperet. Cui ille non invitus morem gessit.

"In tenui; sed non tenuis, fructusve laborve."

The copy in the Museum is a Sloane Book in the shabbiest of bindings, and yet this is the editio princeps of a work that must be used by every candidate in a civil or military examination. Hutton is inaccurate; and even the author of the article "Briggs in the English Cyclopædia makes here a slip, for he writes, "having printed... the first thousand numbers to nine places." This is obviously incorrect, for B gives fog. of 69 = 183884909073726, which is to 14 places as we now say.

WM. DAVIS.

SIR THOMAS GRESHAM.-There is reason for assuming that Sir Thomas Gresham shared in the church property in Somersetshire, which fell to the crown at the Reformation. In Wedmore church, Somersetshire, there was a chantry dedicated to St. Anne, which had a considerable endowment in land, and this land seems to have fallen into the hands of Sir Thomas Gresham, as I find in a deed dated 10 May, 37th Elizabeth, being a conveyance from Thomas Stone to Ed

"At the time the British evacuated the town of Boston, on the 17th of March, 1776, the Castle in Boston Harbor (then called Castle William, in honour of William III., King of Great Britain) was destroyed by the retiring enemy. A slate-stone, measuring about twentyfive by twenty-five inches, was subsequently found among the ruins, bearing the following inscription:

'ANNO DECIMO TERTIO REGNI WILHELMI TERTII MAG: BRIT: FR: & HIB : REGIS INVICTISSIMI HOC MUNIMENTUM (EX EJUS NOMINE WILHELMI CASTELLUM NUNCUPATUM) FUIT INCEPTUM. ANNO SECUNDO REGNI ANNÆ MAG: BRIT: FR: & HIB: REGINÆ SERENISSIMÆ PERFECTUM ANNOQ: DOMINI MDCCIII.

·

Majestatum in Septentrionale America Architecto MiliA Tribuno Wolfgango Wilhelmo Romero Regiarum

tari primario constructum.'"-Vol. vi. p. 34.

GRIME.

CHESHIRE PROVERB.-To "tear limb (?) from Warburton," is a proverb thoughout England; but it is probably not as generally known that it owes its origin to Lymm cum Warburton, which forms two medieties of a rectory on the Cheshire bank of the Mersey. M. D.

Queries.

AS TO C, CH, AND K.- It is a matter of some interest to ascertain historically the periods at ters have taken place; and the reasons of one being which changes in the sounds indicated by these letin certain cases replaced by another are well worthy of inquiry. Much may be due to the caprice of printers, as being influenced by some temporary convenience, or by their supply of types. The following instances seem curious and somewhat inexplicable. In Rushworth's Historical Collections, vol. ii. part II. the printer's date on the title-page being A.D. 1680, there is presented, p. 756, the Declaration of King Charles I. in answer to the proceedings of the Scottish Conventions. On that page we have the expressions, "kirk and kingdom," but in p. 758 we have the words "this church and kingdom." In quoting the words of his opponents in p. 759, the Declaration has "covenant between God and this church and kingdom;" while in the next line but one stand the words, "peace of this kirk and kingdom." In words addressed by a Scottish noble

man to a Scottish assembly, we have, p. 844, "church and kingdom." In a document of Scottish origin, p. 857, we have "church" and "kirk," in adjoining lines, applied to the same body.

It would be interesting to discover whether or not these variations existed in the documents which Rushworth copied. Are the manuscripts in existence from which he derived the materials of his work?

Are we entitled to infer from the indiscriminate use of the terms "kirk" and "church" that the

66

pronunciation was the same? When was it that "charta," giving origin to card," became in sound "tsharta; or "canticle" and "chaunt" varied their initial sounds so greatly? Are not these changes due in some degree to the influence of the queens of the Stuart sovereigns? Have they not originated from a French fashion of pro

nunciation ?

Cape Town, South Africa.

CONSTANTINE.

"Methinks that Emblematical Representation of our Alma Mater Cantabrigia, our equally both indulgent and renowned Mother, the University of Cambridge, with her Arms stretched out, and Breasts flowing, holding the Sun in one hand, and the Sacred Celestial Cup in another; with this Motto round, Hinc Lucem et Pocula Sacra' (From hence issue Light and the Sacred Draughts of Wisdom and Knowledge'), supported on both sides with the Angels, as it were, of Philosophy and Religion; I say this noble Representation, or becoming Hieroglyphick, may in a secondary sense very well befit our

Author himself."-P. 148.

I should be glad to know whence this Motto is taken? On looking at the Index to "N. & Q.," I find it was made the subject of a Query before (1st S. i. 76), but seems to have met with no reply. Abp. Leighton frequently quotes it, e. g. in his Medit. Ethico-Crit. in Psalm xxxii.: "O puros, et perennes, et super omnia dulces Scripturarum Fontes! Hinc lucem haurire est et pocula sacra." Professor Scholefield of Cambridge, in his edition of the Meditationes, gives us no help here. In a flyleaf of Leighton's French Bible, at Dunblane, he has written the same sentence in the shorter form,-" Hinc lucem et pocula sacra." EIRIONNACH.

CALVERT, AUTHOR OF THE "HISTORY OF KNARESBOROUGH." The death of this gentleman, on Dec. 3, 1862, at the age of ninety-two, is recorded in the Gentleman's Magazine, ccxiv. 132. Can any of your readers supply his Christian name? I cannot meet with a copy of his work, nor do I find his name under "Knaresborough" in the Post Office Directory for Yorkshire. S. Y. R.

A FRENCH TRACT TRANSLATED BY WAKE."Sure and honest means for the conversion of all heretics; and wholesome Advice and Expedients for the

Whose arms were these?

1. Or, a lion rampant azure, debruised with a bar componee, arg. et gul. 2. Baree of eight, arg. et azure, 3 chaplets or, orgresses gul., 2 and 1, charged with as many quarter foils.

3. Vert, a saltier engrailed or.

4. Gules, a chevron between 3 plates. 5. Or, a bend sable.

6. Arg. 3 bars, gules.

7. Arg. on a fess azure, 3 fleur-de-lis or.
8. Lozenges arg. et gules.

9. On a canton gules.

10. On a canton gules, in a bend or.

If they can give me any dates, or other information connected with the original grants, or having reference to the families who bore them, I shall be exceedingly obliged. A. E. W.

I am very desirous of ascertaining to what family the arms below described at present belong, and shall feel greatly obliged for the information:

A chevron between three anchors. Motto, "Jesus anchora." Crest on a wreath an arm embowed, the hand holding an anchor. S. D. S.

Gules, on a fesse argent, 3 escallop shells (proΤο per ?), between as many crescents, 2, 1, or. what family, of what county, do these arms belong, and where can I find any account of the MUSAFIR. family? HODGE OF GLADSMUIR, NEAR EDINBURGH, 1710. A pedigree of this family wanted.

Σ. Θ.

LAMBTON FAMILY: "THE TIMES" NEWSPAPER OF 1828.-In consequence of certain remarks respecting the family of Lambton, which, if I recollect rightly, were made about the time when the late Mr. W. H. Lambton (father of the present Earl of Durham) was created a peer, I wrote and published in The Times newspaper a letter in vindication of the family.

I should now be obliged if any of the readers of "N. & Q." could refer me to this letter. I believe its date to have been some time in 1828; but am not quite sure, owing to the many years that have elapsed since it was written. B. T. C. Lincoln's Inn.

LEITH FAMILY.-Can any of your readers give me any information about the Leith family, prior to the time of William Leith, Provost of Edinburgh (1350), he being the first one of that name I have come across. I fail also to find in Burke any mention of William Leith's descendants till the time of John Leith,* ancestor of the Leiths of Leith Hall. I have reason to believe, from the name (which means channel in the Norset), that the family came over originally from Scandinavia. The surname Leith is still to be met with in Norway. Is there any record existing which would give me the genealogy complete of the Leiths (Aberdeenshire)? EDWARD TYRRELL.

MAILLARD: SERMONES.-There is a volume of Sermones by Maillard, De Sanctis, anno 1507, printed by Johan Petit, 8vo, extending to fol. 151; then a Sermo, unpaged, two sheets, signed A. and B. After this, Sermones de Adventu, 116 folios. I have not found any account of this volume or of the Sermones in any bibliographical work to which I have access. Brunet's earlier editions say nothing about it, nor does Greswell in his Annals of Parisian Typography.

IOTA RнO.

I am

W. LONGDEN.

* Date unknown, possibly the son. + Grose, Antiquarian Repertory.

M. D.

REV. CHARLES SWAN, pensioner of Catharine Hall 1817 and 1818, or thereabouts, left the University without a degree, but obtained Holy Orders; and was at one time chaplain of the "Cambrian." He published various works between 1822 and 1830; the last being a Sermon, preached in the chapel of Dulwich College. As we have been unable to find any subsequent notice of him, we conclude that he is dead. Any information respecting him will be acceptable. C. H. & THOMPSON COOPer.

Cambridge.

"SUNDAY, A POEM."who is the author of —

Can any reader tell me

"Sunday; a Poem in Defence of the Reasonable Enjoyments and Recreations of the Toiling Classes of London on the Sabbath Day. By a Friend to Humanity." Small 8vo, pp. 73. Calais, 1837?

The author, it will be seen, takes the popular side of a question now on the tapis; and has a long preface upon the anti-episcopal views he J. O. entertains.

SODA WATER.-When was this beverage first introduced? I find it mentioned, not at all as a novelty, in a book (Sketches of Character), the second edition of which was published in 1813. It must, therefore, be at least fifty years old; yet I have never seen it noticed in any work of the last century. It is, I believe, exclusively an English drink. I never met with it on the Continent except in shops professedly selling English articles. Foreigners substitute Seltzer water.

Is there any natural spring existing which soda water is meant to imitate?

What is aerated water, which I see stamped on many bottles resembling in shape and appearSTYLITES. ance soda-water bottles?

PORTRAIT OF SEGNERI. - Some months ago I purchased an old painting which was placed outside a small broker's shop in an obscure part of London.

Notwithstanding its dirty appearance and its want of a frame, it struck me as possessing considerable merit. On taking it home I found written on the back, "Rittratto di Paolo Segneri, Filosofo, Murillo." I therefore concluded at once that it must be a copy of a Murillo, as I could not imagine for one moment that I had the good

fortune to come across a Murillo.

But I wished also to be certain that it was a portrait of the celebrated Father Paul Segneri, and I went therefore to Mr. Evans, the printseller in the Strand, and bought three prints representing Segneri at various periods of his life. I also went to the Print Room of the British Museum, but only saw one print of the same name. Still, although not one of the prints had been engraved from the painting I possessed, yet the likeness between the prints and the painting was

such as to leave no doubt of its being a portrait of Segneri. Satisfied on this point, I next tried to ascertain whether Murillo had ever painted a portrait of Segneri. But as Murillo never left Spain, and Segneri, though a great missionary, and going from place to place, never visited Spain, no portrait by Murillo could well exist.

The picture has been framed and very carefully restored, and any one can see it by calling at Mr. Candler's shop, 4, Sussex Terrace, Westbourne Grove, Bayswater. My own belief is, that the portrait was painted by Carlo Maratti. Segneri was born 1624, died 1694; Maratti, 1625; died 1713. In 1692 Innocent XII. raised Segneri to the office of preacher in the Apostolic College at Rome; and as Maratti lived at Rome at the same time, and painted the portraits of many cardinals and ecclesiastics, it is only reasonable to suppose that so celebrated a man as Segneri would not have been omitted by Maratti. Any information that your readers can give will be most welcome. E. H. B.

"TU ES CUSTOS."-I submit the undermentioned difficulty for the consideration of literati, in the hope that "N. & Q." may convey it to some collegiate institution where this disciplina arcani is understood, if not practised, to this day: for, like Depositio, it probably prevailed in PræReformation times in many of the Continental Schools.

"In the hall of the college of Westminster, when the boys are at dinner, it is, ex officio, the place of the second boy, in the second election, to keep order among the two under elections; and if any word, after he has ordered silence, be spoken, except in Latin, he says to the speaker Tu es Custos;' and this term passes from the second speaker to the third, or more, till dinner is over. Whoever is then custos has an imposition.

"It is highly probable (adds the very respectable gentleman to whom I am indebted for this information), that there had formerly been a tessera, or symbolum, delivered from boy to boy, as at some French schools now; and that custos meant custos tessera, symboli, &c. ; but at Westminster, the symbol is totally unknown at present."MALONE. (From Dryden's Works, by Scott, vol. xviii. p. 98.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

UNIVERSITY REGISTERS. A person took his bachelor's degree at Cambridge, 1622; and was admitted Master of Arts, 1626 (was a pensioner at Trinity College there). I am anxious to ascertain his residence, or that of his father. Will the University books give that information, and to whom should I apply for it? The dates are on the authority of the Rev. Mr. Hubbard of Emmanuel, Register of the University, somewhere about the middle of the last century. CHEVRON.

ZUCCARELLI AND WILSON.-Who now possesses the painting by Zuccarelli, "Macbeth and the Witches," which was engraved by Woollett from the original picture then in the possession of one Wm. Lock, Esq.? And who engraved a picture after Richard Wilson, "The Death of Adonis," and who has the original or a repetition? H. B.

Queries with Answers.

WILLIAM DOrrington. "Letters and Despatches relating to the taking of the Earl of Ormond, by O'More, A.D. 1600. Edited by the Rev. J. Graves." In a weekly publication in which the above work is noticed, there is the following quotation :

"They who are so apt to lay this accident as an imputation to my government, may as well tax the Mayor of London because Dorrington brake his own neck from the Steeple of St. Pulcher's."

This must allude to some previous story. Can any of your readers inform me what it is?

A MEMBER OF THE UNIVERSITY CLUB. [Cole has the following notice of this lamentable occurrence, Addit. MS. 5815, p. 137:

"In a MS. lent me by my good friend Mr. Thomas Martin of Palgrave, in Suffolk, is a copy of a letter wrote by William Dorrington, Esq., sealed and left with his staff upon the top of the steeple of St. Sepulchre's church, in London, 10 April, 1600, the same day that he cast himself headlong from the same, having the next day a cause to have been heard against him in the Star Chamber. The letter is as follows:

"O let me live, and I will call upon Thy name.' "Let noe other bodie be troubled for that which is perjurie and other bad meanes have brought me to this John Buncley and his fellowes, by my owne facte. ende. God forgive it them as I doe. And, O Lord, forgive me this cruel facte upon my owne body, which I utterlie detest, and humbly praied to cast it behinde him, and that of his moste exceedinge and infinite mercie he will forgive it me, with all my other sinnes. But surelie after that they had thus slandered me, every day that I lived was to me an hundred deaths, which caused me to famie and tormente. chuse rather to die with infamie, than to live with in

'O summa Deitas, quæ Cælis et Inferis
Præsides, e mediis medere miseris,
Ut spretis Inferis, lætar Superis,

Reatis dona veniam.