PAMMENT BRICK (3rd S. iii. 27.)-In answer to your correspondent A. R. I. B. A., I can say that "pamment brick" is in common use in Suffolk. The brick is usually half the thickness and double the width of an ordinary brick; that is, about nine inches square, and about two inches thick. The word is no doubt a corruption of "pavement," and this is further shown by the common use of the brick to make pavements in courtyards, passages, &c. P. W. GISSING.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, East Indies, East India, China, and Japan, 1513-1616, preserved in Her Majesty's Record Office and elsewhere. Edited by W. Noel Sainsbury, Esq., of the Public Record Office, under the Direction of the Master of the Rolls, and with the Sanction of H.M. Secretary of State for the Colonial Department. (Longman.)

At the present moment, when mercantile men are looking so hopefully towards India, and the thoughts of merchants and philanthropists alike are looking with equal hope towards the results of the approaching Expedition to China, it would be difficult to imagine a volume of the Calendars of our State Papers which could be more opportunely published than this, for which we are indebted to Mr. Sainsbury, and which is devoted to all the State Papers now existing relative to the East Indies, China, and Japan, between the years 1513 and 1616. These papers, which are some 1200 in number, are derived not only from the State Paper Office, but also from the British Museum and the India House. The volume comprises, to speak generally, all the papers connected with the early voyages for the discovery of the north-west or other passages to India or Cathay to the year 1616, in the Public Record Office and the British Museum; and from the India Office all the original Correspondence from that office, and the Court Minutes of the Company from its establishment in 1600. The chief subjects illustrated by these various papers are, the early voyages for the discovery of the North-east or Northwest passage; the establishment of the East India Company; the various successes of the early voyages to the East Indies; an account of the settling of the different factories; the commencement of a commercial intercourse with Persia; the first attempts at establishing a direct trade with China; and lastly, the opening of a communication with Japan, "through a series of adventures," to use Mr. Sainsbury's own words, "as romantic as the history of Robinson Crusoe." When we add that these documents are so fully calendared as to give every information as to their contents, and that, like all the volumes of the Series, the papers are fully and carefully indexed, we have said enough to show what good service Mr. Sainsbury has done for historical students, and thereby for the increase of his own literary reputation.

The Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature. By William Thomas Lowndes. New Edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged by Henry G. Bohn. Part VIII. (Bohn.)

On one article alone in this new Part of Bohn's Lowndes might Mr. Bohn rest content to claim credit for the general improvement of this edition of The Bibliographer's Manual over its predecessor. That article the one which records, as far as Mr. Bohn's researches have enabled him to do so, every printed edition of Shakspeare's

Works, whether published collectively or separately, all the volumes written respecting him, commonly called Shakspeariana; all foreign translations; new and careful collations of the first four Folios, and of the earlier editions of the separate Plays and Poems. Besides the article Shakspeare, which alone occupies nearly 120 pages, the present Part contains greatly enlarged articles on Ritson, Rochester, Royal Society, Schiller, Scotland, Sir Walter Scott, Henry Shaw, Shelley, Sheridan, Shirley, and Sir Philip Sidney.

We have received a copy of a new daily paper, the Danmark, which has just been started in Copenhagen, in consequence of the increased intimacy of the relations between this country and Denmark. It will contain, every Thursday, an English article on the political and literary events of the Northern kingdom.

We beg to call the attention of our readers to an Advertisement in our present Number, which has for its object the recovery of an ancient Greek MS. and of an early Picture.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

G. J. KENNEDY'S REMARKS ON MR. MITCHELL'S EDITION OF ARISTOPHANES, and MITCHELL'S REPLY.

*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MESSHS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street, E.C.

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THE WORKS OF DR. Nors, Dean of Canterbury.

Wanted by Rev. Dr. Parkinson, Ravendale, Grimsby.

FAITHORNE'S PLAN OF LONDON. Old edition, A.D. 1658; or the modern edition re-engraved by Evans, 1857.

Wanted by Rev. J. Maskell, Tower Hill, London, E.C.

Notices to Correspondents.

We are compelled to postpone until next week Organs in Italy, Could Francis have written Junius' Letters? Registers of Stationers' Company, Noticeable Entries in Registers of Allhallows Barking, Charles V. and Yuste, and many other Papers of great interest.

GEORGE LLOYD. We presume the Lazy German, to whom our Correspondent refers, is Claus Narr, the celebrated Court Fool of the Elector Frederick of Saxony. His history was frequently printed as one of the German Volksbucher. See Flagel's Geschichte der Hoffnarren, s. 283, et seq.

H. M. (Bradninch.) Cheat Breade is by some thought to be an abbreviation of manchet, or fine bread; but is by Nares explained to mean household bread, or bread of the second sort.

INA. The political ballad, "This is the time," A.D. 1679-80, is printed from a more perfect copy in Wilkins's Political Ballads, i. 216, ed. 1860. H. KELLY. On the supposed virtues of a child's caul, see "N. & Q' 2nd S. iii. 329,397, 397, 516.

J. H. B. The Orations of Arsanes agaynst Philip the trecherou King of Macedone, with a Notable Example of God's Vengeance uppor a faithlesse Kyng, Quene, and her children, printed by John Daye, n. d 8vo, is ascribed by Tanner to Thomas Norton. The notable example is the story of the wicked young King Popiel, who, at the instigation of hi Queen, poisoned his uncles; to revenge whose deaths an a my of over grown rats is said to have arose out of their carcases, and incessantly pursued him through land, fire, water, guards, &c.!

ERRATA.- 3rd S. i. p. 38, col. i. line 26, for "Sanchie " read“ Sau chie;" line 31, for "Temple "read" Semple;" and vol. iii. p. 37, col. i last word on last line, for" width "read" length."

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MINOR NOTES:- Nottingham Typography-A Prophecy in Jest-Enigma-The Lukins and the Windhams, 66. QUERIES:-Junius's Letters: could Francis have written them? 67-Anonymous — Authorship Wanted - Beard, the Actor and Singer-Blairs, Perth- William Brownsword - Catton (Charles, Father and Son) - John Davies - Detaining the Parting Soul: a Lancashire Superstition -The Eccentric Society -Sir Adrian Fortescue-Captain Sir Henry Fowkes Futhey, Futhie - Richard Garthwaite -"The Merry Journey"-Muffled Peal on St. Stephen's Day-Margaret Fuller Ossoli - Phrases Porteus Family Rat's Bones in Sepulchres- Ritchie of Prestoune, Scotland, 1680-Sighs and Tears the Attorneys of Widows-Old Tradition: Trent River, 67. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:- The Cenci - Mrs. Inchbald's Dr. Warren-Buckhorse, the Pugilist-Knuckle-duster Last Prior of Carlisle Leng's Aristophanes-Rev. Joseph Collet-Little Horned Parliament, 70. REPLIES: John Hampden, 72 Heiress's Son, 73Yorkshire Sufferers in 1746, 74 Samuel Rowe, Ib. Printed Wills-Peerage Forfeited-Dr. Richard Kingston-Oil Wells-Order of St. John of Jerusalem - Diminutive Cross-legged Figures-Architectural SocietiesThe Portlanders-Ignez de Castro - Bishop Ken-Hop. pesteres in Chaucer. Galloway, Carrick, and Hay of Drumsboot Holyrood House - Pitcairney Lawsuit Rev. Benjamin Way-Pulteney's Marriage John Wilkes: his Family Polvartist: John Howeli Sir Francis Cherry - Don Carlos - "The English Ape," &c., 75. Notes on Books, &c.

Nates.

NOTICEABLE ENTRIES IN THE REGISTERS OF ALLHALLOWS BARKING.

Book III. 1676-1749.

This book commences with an elaborately writ

1687, Nov. 4. James, son of Sir Pohcaryus Wharton and Theophile.

1688, Jany 25. Mary Alysabet, an Indian Black aged 16, servant to Mr Richardson of this psh.

Feby 9. Benjamin, son of Sir Benjamin Newland and Anne his Lady.

1696, Dec 26. Stephen Goddard, Sir Benj. Newland's negro, about 32 years old.

1708, June 27. Mary, daur of Sir Roger Dunkley and Elizabeth his wife,

1711, Sept 14. William Henry, son of William Hasler and Martha his wife.

[This is the first instance of a double Christian name, and almost the only instance till quite late in the eighteenth century.]

1712, May 26. Littleton, son of Harcourt Masters, Esq', and Ann his wife.

1714, Decr 19. Jane, daur of Sir Harcourt Masters and Lady Ann his wife.

1715, Oct. 18. Alexarnder, soon of Archable Brice and his wife.

[I copy this for its choice orthography, evidently by the parish clerk.]

1717, July 3. Dorcas dau of Sir Hercourt Masters and Ann his Lady.

1719, Dec 12. Henry Hunter, son of Sir Harcourt Masters and dame Ann.

1721, Dec 6. Fleetwood and Nicholas, sons of Capt. Nich Haddock and ffrances his wife. Marriages.

1687, Dec 29. John Richardson, M.A., Clerk, of Hendon, in the Co. of Midd., cœlebs, and Alice Billington, soluta, of the same par. were marrd by licence. John Gaskarth.

[From the year 1682 marriage entries always bear the naine of the officiator.]

1689, Ap1 1. John Gilbert, Clericus, of Thrumpton in the Co. of Notts, cœlebs, and Henrietta Danvers, of S. Clement Danes, soluta, were mared per Li

cence.

Widower, and Ann Newland, Daur of Sr Benjamin Newland of Allh. Barking, soluta, were marrd by Special Licence.

1697, Ap1 2. Edwd Littleton, Clericus, of St Dunstans in the East, cœlebs, and Mary Collins of the same par., soluta.

[Very few banns marriages appear. The rule is "per licence," banns the exception. The name of Henry Sachevrall, D.D. is appended to several weddings in 1710.]

1717, Oct. 29. Sir Barntiam Rider of ye par. of Burton Mount, Chelsea, in the co. of Kent, and Susana Littleton of the par. of Chatham in the same county.

[Query, Why are some ladies entered as "soluta," others as "spinster," and a few only as "virgin?" The term "vidua" is frequent, but as regards single women, why are the above terms irregularly used?]

Burials.

1678, Aug. 27. Mrs Ann Layfield, the wife of Dr Ed. Layfield (Vicar.)

1679, Nov. 11. Joan, wife of James Hickson, Esqr. Feby 16. Mr Anthony Death.

[This gentleman possessed a tomb in the body of the church (now lost) inscribed: "Antonius Death, A.M., Aula Pembroch. Cantab. Ob. Feb. 9, Æra Christi 1679,

Hujus parochia Benefactor Magnificus." He left a sum of money for providing a university education for poor scholars, which the parish still enjoys. I presume he was the curate or lecturer, although there are no records.]

March 4. Nicholas, son of Sir Rich. Haddock. 1680, Aug. 10. Doctor Ed. Layfield.

[For an account of Layfield, see "N. & Q." 3rd S. ii. 145; also London and Middlesex Archeological Transactions, 1862.]

1683, Decr 3. Anne, wife of Wm Smith, curate. 1684, May 18. Joseph, son of Sir Ric. Haddock. 1688, Sept. 6. Mr Wm Smith, M.A., reader at this church. 1689, June 25. James Hickson, Esq.

[Has a handsome monument on the wall of the south aisle, by which it appears that he was a brewer and alderman of London, and died at the age of eighty-two. The inscription commemorates his good deeds. He founded an almshouse for six poor people at South Mims, endowing it with 247. per ann. He also founded a school in Allhallows Barking, for the education of twenty children, making the Brewers' Company trustees. The company have been faithful stewards, and the school is at present in a flourishing state as the Tower Hill Grammar School, under a master who is in holy orders. To poor freemen, Hickson leaves 107. per ann.; also other legacies to the poor of Allhallows. The monument was erected by his executors. It is of white marble adorned with columns, and entablature of the Corinthian order. The arms or, two eagles' legs in saitier, sable. The epitaph is correctly copied in Strype's Survey of London, 1720; and in The New View of London, 1708.]

1689, Decr 20. The Lady Ann, wife of Sir Benj. Newland.

1691, Dec 28. The Lady Joanna Kempthorne.

[She lies under a large marble gravestone, nearly defaced, which describes her as "Widow of Sir John Kempthorne, that famous sea commander of his time."] 1693, Sept. 12. Capt. Sam1 Acreman. 1695, Ap1 15. John Kettlewell.

[The memorial, consisting of a small white marble tablet with enrichments of cherubim, &c., is placed on the pillar of the easternmost chancel arch. There is a long Latin inscription, which describes him as "Pastor fidissimus, prudentissimusque; Fortunæ tandem utriusque Victor. Animam Deo reddidit, Ap. 12, A.D. 1695. Ætat. 42." The Life of Kettlewell is prefixed to the complete edition of his works, published by Dr. Hickes and Rob. Nelson in 1719. The funeral rites were solemnised by Bishop Kenn, who read the burial office, and the whole evening service at Allhallows Barking, on the occasion. He was buried here by his own desire," to lie in the same grave where Archbp. Laud was before interred," within the rails of the altar. The monument was erected by his widow. I apprehend the epitaph was written by Dr. George Hickes. For further particulars respecting this excellent divine see "N. & Q." 3rd S. i. 91. The widow was not interred here. The complete epitaph is correctly copied in the Life above-mentioned, in Seymour and Strype's Survey, and in that curious volume, The New View of London, 1708.]

1695, Augt. 9. Rich. Hutchinson, Esq. 1696, Augt 17. Giles Lytcott, Esq.

[This gentleman has a monument of rather singular character on the wall of the north chancel aisle. It consists of a single pillar, a Doric column, surmounted by an urn, and at the base a terrific skull. Lytcott is described as of Stratford-Langthorne, in Essex, nephew of the

[Has a curious monument on the south wall, an Ionie column supporting a coat of arms, and inscription on the pedestal. He is described as of Gray's Inn.] 1700, Mar. 23. The Lady Winn.

1703, Dec 1. "Mrs Sarah Gaskarth-dum conjugii societas, fuit per Decennium, breve tempus, O felicem mei, uxor mea, charissima mihi, amantissima mei; Omnis mecum in vita hac instabili varietatis, tum qua in Hominum moribus et ingenio, tum qua in rebus sunt vicissitudinum, qua fidelitate, qua prudentia, consors! Lætorum lætamen, molestiarum remedium atque allevamentum. Cujus cum scribo nomen, recitoque. diuturnus, dolor ac desyderium refricantur. Sed heu ista quam frustra sunt!

"JOHN GASKARTH, D.D.” 1713, Oct. 18. Barabas, soon of Barabas Bowen. [What could induce a man to desire to perpetuate so undesirable a name?]

1714, Feby 7. Sir Rich. Haddock at Lea in Essex. 1719, Decem. 15. Dame Anne Masters.

1732, Decr 17. The Revd Doctor John Gaskarth.

[This is the first instance of a clergyman being entitled Rev. I believe the use of this title during life is quite modern. For Gaskarth, vicar here from 1686 to 1732, see London and Middlesex Archæological Society's Transactions, 1862.]

1740, July 17. Ann Colleton from Stratford in Essex.

[This lady has an ambitious monument under the east window of the south aisle of the chancel. The sculptor was Scheemakers, and represents a sarcophagus, with a bust of the deceased, weeping boys, &c. The inscription describes her as "youngest daughter of Sir Peter Colleton of St. James, Bart., at whose desire and cost this tomb was erected" in memory of her and the family of Richardsons of this parish, connected by marriage. Rob. Richardson gave the elegant oak altar-piece in 1685. Ann Colleton left 207. to the Ward School, and 107. per ann. to the poor.]

1744, Jany 28. The Revd Mr Charles Stuart. [Curate of the parish.]

JUXTA TURRIM.

CHARLES V. AND YUSTE.

I believe I am correct in stating, that the motives which influenced Charles V. in choosing the Monastery at Yuste for his abode after his abdication in 1555, have never been satisfactorily explained. Such is the opinion of Mr. Stirling in his most valuable and interesting book, The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V. (2nd ed., London, p. 32.)

Mr. Prescott certainly gives no authority for his assertion, "that the place (Yuste) had attracted the eye of emperor many years before, when on a visit to that part of the country; then he marked

it for his future residence. (History of Philip II. p. 11, ed. London, 1855.)

As Mr. Stirling remarks, there was no palace or hunting seat of the crown near enough to the Vera of Plasencia to make the emperor familiar with so remote a spot as Yuste; nor do the annals of the monastery, or those of Plasencia, contain any record of an imperial visit. But though there is no direct evidence to show why Charles V. chose Yuste as his retreat in preference to other pleasants spots in Spain, yet it is not improbable that when the emperor made a pilgrimage to the shrine of our Lady at Guadalupe in 1525, or when he spent a few days at Oropesa on his way to Seville the following year, he may have heard of the natural charms of the place. The fame of the beautiful Vera of Plasencia, with its nine leagues of pasture and forest, "ubi ver est purpureum et perpetuum," says Mr. Ford, "where river, rock, and mountain; city, castle, and aqueduct, under a heaven of purest ultra-marine, combine to enchant the artist," may indeed have frequently reached the ear of the emperor. But Mr. Ford (Hand-Book for Spain, vol. ii. p. 497, 1855), suggests another motive why the spot was selected. It seems that when the emperor's son Philip was on his way from Spain to England to marry our Queen Mary, he was requested by his father to visit Yuste, and to send him an account of the place. This shows that the emperor had himself never visited the spot, though Robertson, in his Life of the Emperor Charles V. (book xii.), states it as a positive fact that his majesty, in passing through Plasencia, visited the monastery, and was so struck with its delightful situation, that he observed to some of his attendants, "This is a spot to which Diocletian might have retired with pleasure."

The Monastery of Yuste is often erroneously called, "The Monastery of San Yuste, St. Just, or St. Justus," as if the place was named after a saint. This mistake is made even by some Spanish writers as well as French and English. But it is certain that Yuste is not a saint's name, but a small stream, which descends from the sierra, behind the walls of the monastery, which was inhabited by monks of the Hieronymite order. (See El Retiro, Estancia, y Muerte del Emperador Carlos Quinto, en el Monasterio de Yuste, por el Señor Don Tomas Gonzalez) preserved in MS. in the Archives of the Foreign Office, Paris.

I may mention that the present proprietor of Yuste is about to restore the venerable old buildings, in consequence, it is said, of the interest excited in the spot by recent writers, more especially by Mr. Stirling. This I mention on the authority of the Rev. Richard Roberts's Autumn Tour in Spain in the Year 1859, p. 225.

Norwich.

JOHN DALTON.

ORGANS IN ITALY.

I remember six organs in St. Peter's, and am not sure there are not more. There are two very large ones in what we very incorrectly call the choir, but which is known there by its proper designation of the Tribune: two in the choir, an immense chapel on the left-hand of the nave as you enter; one in the Chapel of the Sacrament, and one in the Sacristy: those in the Tribune stand upon large platforms, on which also the singers, the conductor (Maestro di Capella), and some double-bass players are placed. The whole is moved on immense rollers according to the number of the congregation or space intended to be occupied. The largest I could not get access to. The smaller, or ripieno organ, had one row of keys, fourteen stops, among which were metal diapasons to a large scale, and two octaves of pedals. In almost all large churches in Italy there are two organs, one on each side, which are played in duo concertante by two players. One perhaps will take the string band part of a composition, while the other plays that of the wind band, and sometimes they will play duets on the solo stops. The effect is extremely fine, the most like that of an orchestra I ever heard, and the organists among the best in Europe. They play with extraordinary fire and vigour, and at the same time with great breadth of style. The same man will play a fugue of Palestrina's, and immediately after the last favourite motivo of the opera equally well. However incongruous this may appear to our ears, both are equally well done. Organists elsewhere either seem to have their fingers tied, or to scramble over the notes, as if playing on the piano-forte. The Italians are masters of the instrument in any style.

In the large Jesuit church at Rome there are three organs. Two, as before described, and one over the entrance door, raised as high as possible, in fact, close to the ceiling. This third organ is mainly of large reed stops, resembling in fact trombones, and comes in at intervals in the performance with splendid effect.

The most I ever saw in any church combined together was at San Antonio at Padua. There are four large organs there, occupying the four sides of the main supports of the great central dome. On grand festivals they are played on in concert by the four best players that can be had. The tradition is, that Saint Antony of Padua was a great lover of music, and an excellent organist himself. It is not improbable that, from the circumstance that he is always depicted with a hog following him, the saying about "pigs playing the organ " has arisen.

It is, however, a very curious fact, that while the Pope says mass no instrumental music whatever is permitted. In the Sistine Chapel there is no organ; and at high papal masses at St.