passive: as, "We shall set down the characters made use of to represent all the elementary sounds."—L. Murray's Gram., p. 5; Fisk's, 34. Say," the characters employed, or used."

NOTE VII. As the different cases in English are not always distinguished by their form, care must be taken lest their construction be found equivocal, or ambiguous; as, "And we shall always find our sentences acquire more vigour and energy when thus retrenched."-Blair's Rhet., p. 111. Say, "We shall always find that our sentences acquire more vigour," &c.; or, "We shall always find our sentences to acquire more vigour and energy when thus retrenched.”

NOTE VIII. In the language of our Bible, rightly quoted or printed, ye is not found in the objective case, nor you in the nominative; scriptural texts that not this distinction of cases, are consequently to be considered inaccurate.

IMPROPRIETIES FOR CORRECTION.

FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE V.

UNDER THE RULE ITSELF. THE OBJECTIVE FORM.

"Who should I meet the other day but my old friend !"-Spectator, No. 32.

preserve

[FORMULE-Not proper, because the pronoun who is in the nominative case, and is used as the object of the active-transitive verb should meet. But, according to Rule 5th, "A noun or a pronoun made the object of an active-transitive verb or participle, is governed by it in the objective case." Therefore, who should be whom; thus," Whom should I meet," &c.]

"Let not him boast that puts on his armour, but he that takes it off."-Barclay's Works, iii, 262. "Let none touch it, but they who are clean."-Sale's Koran, 95. "Let the sea roar, and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein."-Psalms, xcviii, 7. "Pray be private, and careful who you trust."-Mrs. Goffe's Letter. "How shall the people know who to entrust with their property and their liberties?”—District School, p. 301. "The chaplain entreated my comrade and I to dress as well as possible."- World Displayed, i, 163. "He that cometh unto me, I will in no wise cast out."-Tract, No. 3, p. 6. "Who, during this preparation, they constantly and solemnly invoke."-Hope of Israel, p. 84. Whoever or whatever owes us,

is Debtor; whoever or whatever we owe, is Creditor."-Marsh's Book-Keeping, p. 23. Declaring the curricle was his, and he should have who he chose in it."—Anna Ross, p. 147. "The fact is, Burke is the only one of all the host of brilliant contemporaries who we can rank as a first-rate orator."-The Knickerbocker, May, 1833. "Thus you see, how naturally the Fribbles and the Daffodils have produced the Messalina's of our time."-Brown's Estimate, ii, 53. "They would find in the Roman list both the Scipio's."--Ib., ii, 76. "He found his wife's clothes on fire, and she just expiring."-New-York Observer. "To present ye holy, unblameable, and unreproveable in his sight."Barclay's Works, i, 353. "Let the distributer do his duty with simplicity; the superintendent, with diligence; he who performs offices of compassion, with cheerfulness."Stuart's Romans, xii, 9. "If the crew rail at the master of the vessel, who will they mind?"Collier's Antoninus, p. 106. "He having none but them, they having none but hee."-DRAYTON'S Polyolbion.

"Thou, nature, partial nature, I arraign!

Of thy caprice maternal I complain!"-Burns's Poems, p. 50.

"Nor knows he who it is his arms pursue

With eager clasps, but loves he knows not who."—Addison's, p. 218.

UNDER NOTE I.-OF VERBS TRANSITIVE.

"When it gives that sense, and also connects, it is a conjunction."-L. Murray's Gram., p. 116. "Though thou wilt not acknowledge, thou canst not deny the fact."-Murray's Key, p. 209. "They specify, like many other adjectives, and connect sentences."-Kirkham's Gram., p. 114. "The violation of this rule tends so much to perplex and obscure, that it is safer to err by too many short sentences."-Murray's Gram., p. 312. "A few Exercises are subjoined to each important definition, for him to practice upon as he proceeds in committing."-Nutting's Gram., 3d Ed., p. vii. "A verb signifying actively governs the accusative."--Adam's Gram., p. 171; Gould's, 172; Grant's, 199; and others. "Or, any word that will conjugate, is a verb,”—-Kirkham's Gram., p. 44. "In these two concluding sentences, the author, hastening to finish, appears to write rather carelessly."-Blair's Rhet, p. 216. "He simply reasons on one side of the question, and then finishes."-Ib., p. 306. "Praise to God teaches to be humble and lowly ourselves." -ATTERBURY: ib., p. 304. "This author has endeavored to surpass."-Green's Inductive Gram., p. 54. "Idleness and plezure fateeg az soon az bizziness."-Noah Webster's Essays, p. 402. "And, in conjugating, you must pay particular attention to the manner in which these signs are applied."-Kirkham's Gram., p. 140. “He said Virginia would have emancipated long ago.”— The Liberator, ix, 33. "And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience."-2 Cor., x, 6. "However, in these cases, custom generally determines."- Wright's Gram., p. 50. In proof, let the following cases demonstrate."-Ib., p. 46. "We must surprise, that he should so speedily have forgotten his first principles." —Ib., p. 147. "How should we surprise at the expression,

'This is a soft question!"-Ib., p. 219. "And such as prefer, can parse it as a possessive adjective."-Goodenow's Gram., p. 89. "To assign all the reasons, that induced to deviate from other grammarians, would lead to a needless prolixity."-Alexander's Gram., p. 4. "The Indicative mood simply indicates or declares."-Farnum's Gram., p. 33.

UNDER NOTE II.-OF VERBS INTRANSITIVE.

"In his seventh chapter he expatiateth himself at great length."-Barclay's Works, iii, 350, "He quarrelleth my bringing some testimonies of antiquity, agreeing with what I say.”—1b., iii, 373. "Repenting him of his design."-Hume's Hist., ii, 56. Henry knew, that an excommunication could not fail of operating the most dangerous effects.”—Ib., ii, 165. "The popular lords did not fail to enlarge themselves on the subject."—Mrs. Macaulay's Hist., iii, 177. He is always master of his subject; and seems to play himself with it.”—Blair's Rhet., p. 445. "But as soon as it comes the length of disease, all his secret infirmities shew themselves.”—Пb., p. 256. "No man repented him of his wickedness."--Jeremiah, viii, 6. "Go thee one way or other, either on the right hand, or on the left."-Ezekiel, xxi, 16. "He lies him down by the rivers side."-Walker's Particles, p. 99. My desire has been for some years past, to retire myself to some of our American plantations."--Cowley's Pref. to his Poems, p. vii. "I fear me thou wilt shrink from the payment of it."-Zenobia, i, 76. "We never recur an idea, without acquiring some combination."-Rippingham's Art of Speaking, p. xxxii.

"Yet more; the stroke of death he must abide,

Then lies him meekly down fast by his brethren's side."-Milton

UNDER NOTE III.-OF VERBS MISAPPLIED.

"A parliament forfeited all those who had borne arms against the king."-Hume's Hist., ïi 223. "The practice of forfeiting ships which had been wrecked."-Ib., i, 500. "The nearer his military successes approached him to the throne."-Ib., v, 383. "In the next example, you per sonifies ladies, therefore it is plural."--Kirkham's Gram., p. 103. "The first its personates vale; the second its represents stream."—Ib., p. 103. "Pronouns do not always avoid the repetition of nouns."-Ib., p. 96. "Very is an adverb of comparison, it compares the adjective good.”—[b., p. 88. "You will please to commit the following paragraph."-Ib., p. 140. "Even the Greek and Latin passive verbs require an auxiliary to conjugate some of their tenses."-Murray's Gram., p. 100. "The deponent verbs, in Latin, require also an auxiliary to conjugate several of their tenses."-Ib., p. 100. "I have no doubt he made as wise and true proverbs, as any body has done since."-Ib., p. 145. A uniform variety assumes as many set forms as Proteus had shapes."-Kirkham's Elocution, p. 72. "When words in apposition follow each other in quick succession."-Nixon's Parser, p. 57. "Where such sentences frequently succeed each other.” L. Murray's Gram., p. 349. "Wisdom leads us to speak and act what is most proper."-Blair's Rhet., p. 99; Murray's Gram., i, 303.

"Jul. Art thou not Romeo, and a Montague?

Rom. Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike."-Shak.

UNDER NOTE IV.-OF PASSIVE VERBS.

"We too must be allowed the privilege of forming our own laws."-L. Murray's Gram., p. 134. "For we are not only allowed the use of all the ancient poetic feet," &c.--Ib., p. 259; Kirkham's Elocution, 143; Jamieson's Rhet., 310. By what code of morals am I denied the right and privilege?"-Dr. Bartlett's Lect., p. 4. "The children of Israel have alone been denied the possession of it."-Keith's Evidences, p. 68. "At York fifteen hundred Jews were refused all quarter." -Ib., p. 73. He would teach the French language in three lessons, provided he was paid fiftyfive dollars in advance."-Chazotte's Essay, p. 4. "And when he was demanded of the Pharisees, when the kingdom of God should come."-Luke, xvii, 20. "I have been shown a book.” Campbell's Rhet., p. 392. "John Horne Tooke was refused admission only because he had been in holy orders."-Diversions of Purley, i, 60. "Mr. Horne Tooke having taken orders, he was refused admission to the bar."- -Churchill's Gram., p. 145. "Its reference to place is lost sight of."--Bullions's E. Gram., p. 116. "What striking lesson are we taught by the tenor of this history?"--Bush's Questions, p. 71. "He had been left, by a friend, no less than eighty thousand pounds."-Priestley's Gram., p. 112. "Where there are many things to be done, each must be allowed its share of time and labour."-Johnson's Pref. to Dict., p. xiii. Presenting the subject in a far more practical form than it has been heretofore given.”—Kirkham's Phrenology, p. v. "If a being of entire impartiality should be shown the two companies."-Scott's Pref. to Bible. p. vii. "He was offered the command of the British army."-Grimshaw's Hist., p. 81. "Who had been unexpectedly left a considerable sum."-Johnson's Life of Goldsmith. "Whether a maid or a widow may be granted such a privilege."-Spectator, No. 536. "Happily all these affected terms have been denied the public suffrage."-Campbell's Rhet., p. 199. "Let him next be shewn the parsing table."-Nutting's Gram., p. viii. Thence, he may be shown the use of the Analyzing Table."-Ib., p. ix. "Pittacus was offered a great sum of money."-Sanborn's Gram., p. 228. "He had been allowed more time for study."-Ib., p. 229. "If the walks were

66

46

a little taken care of that lie between them."-Addison's Spect., No. 414. Suppose I am offered an office or a bribe."-Pierpont's Discourse, Jan. 27, 1839.

"Am I one chaste, one last embrace deny'd?

Shall I not lay me by his clay-cold side?"-Rowe's Lucan, B. ix, 1. 103.

UNDER NOTE V.-PASSIVE VERBS TRANSITIVE.

"The preposition to is made use of before nouns of place, when they follow verbs and participles of motion.”—Murray's Gram., p. 203; Ingersoll's, 231; Greenleaf's, 35; Fisk's, 143; Smith's, 170; Guy's, 90; Fowler's, 555. “They were refused entrance into the house."-Murray's Key, ii, 204. "Their separate signification has been lost sight of."-Horne Tooke, ii, 422. "But, whenever ye is made use of, it must be in the nominative, and never in the objective, case."Cobbett's E. Gram., 58. "It is said, that more persons than one are paid handsome salaries, for taking care to see acts of parliament properly worded."—Churchill's Gram., p. 334. "The following Rudiments of English Grammar, have been made use of in the University of Pennsylvania."-DR. ROGERS: in Harrison's Gram., p. 2. "It never should be lost sight of."-Newman's Rhetoric, p. 19. "A very curious fact hath been taken notice of by those expert metaphysicians." -Campbell's Rhet,, p. 281. "The archbishop interfered that Michelet's lectures might be put a stop to."-The Friend, ix, 378. "The disturbances in Gottengen have been entirely put an end to."-Daily Advertiser. "Besides those that are taken notice of in these exceptions."-Priestley's Gram., p. 6. "As one, two, or three auxiliary verbs are made use of.”—Ib., p. 24. "The arguments which have been made use of."-Addison's Evidences, p. 32. "The circumstance is prop

66

erly taken notice of by the author."-Blair's Rhet., p. 217. 'Patagonia has never been taken possession of by any European nation."-Cumming's Geog., p. 62. "He will be found fault withal no more, i. e. not hereafter."- Walker's Particles, p. 226. The thing was to be put an end to somehow."-Leigh Hunt's Byron, p. 15. "In 1798, the Papal Territory was taken possession of by the French."- -Pinnock's Geog., p. 223. "The idea has not for a moment been lost sight of by the Board."—Common School Journal, i, 37. "I shall easily be excused the labour of more transcription.”—Johnson's Life of Dryden. "If I may be allowed that expression."Campbell's Rhet., 259, and 288. "If without offence I may be indulged the observation." lb., p. 295. "There are other characters, which are frequently made use of in composition.' Murray's Gram., p. 281; Ingersoll's, 293. "Such unaccountable infirmities might be in many, perhaps in most, cases got the better of."-Beattie's Moral Science, i, 153. "Which ought never to be had recourse to."--Ib., i, 186. "That the widows may be taken care of."-Barclay's Works, i. 499. "Other cavils will yet be taken notice of."-Pope's Pref. to Homer. "Which implies, that all christians are offered eternal salvation."-West's Letters, p. 149. Yet even the dogs are allowed the crumbs which fall from their master's table."-Campbell's Gospels, Matt., xv, 27. "For we say the light within must be taken heed unto."-Barclay's Works, i, 148. "This sound of a is taken notice of in Steele's Grammar."— Walker's Dict., p. 22. "One came to be paid ten guineas for a pair of silver buckles."-Castle Rackrent, p. 104. "Let him, therefore, be carefully shewn the application of the several questions in the table."-Nutting's Gram., p. 8. "After a few times, it is no longer taken notice of by the hearers."-Sheridan's Lect., p. 182. "It will not admit of the same excuse, nor be allowed the same indulgence, by people of any discernment."-Ibid. "Inanimate things may be made property of."-Beattie's M. Sci., p. 355.

"And, when he's bid a liberaller price,

Will not be sluggish in the work, nor nice."-Butler's Poems, p. 162.

UNDER NOTE VI.-OF PERFECT PARTICIPLES.

"All the words made use of to denote spiritual and intellectual things, are in their origin metaphors."-Campbell's Rhet., p. 330. A reply to an argument commonly made use of by unbelievers."-Blair's Rhet., p. 293. "It was heretofore the only form made use of in the preter tepses."-Dr. Ash's Gram., p. 47. "Of the points, and other characters made use of in writing." -Ib., p. xv. "If thy be the personal pronoun made use of."-Walker's Dict. "The Conjunction is a word made use of to connect sentences."-Burn's Gram., p. 28. "The points made use of to answer these purposes are the four following."-Harrison's Gram., p. 67. "Incense signifies perfumes exhaled by fire, and made use of in religious ceremonies."-Murray's Key, p. 171. "In most of his orations, there is too much art; even carried the length of ostentation."-Blair's Rhet., p. 246. "To illustrate the great truth, so often lost sight of in our times."— Common School Journal, i, 88. "The principal figures, made use of to affect the heart, are Exclamation, Confession, Deprecation, Commination, and Imprecation."-Formey's Belles-Lettres, p. 133. "Disgusted at the odious artifices made use of by the Judge."-Junius, p. 13. "The whole reasons of our being allotted a condition, out of which so much wickedness and misery would in fact arise."-Butler's Analogy, p. 109. "Some characteristical circumstance being generally invented or laid hold of."-Kames, El. of Crit., ii, 246.

"And by is likewise us'd with Names that shew

The Means made use of, or the Method how."-Ward's Gram., p. 105.

UNDER NOTE VII.-CONSTRUCTIONS AMBIGUOUS.

"Many adverbs admit of degrees of comparison as well as adjectives."-Priestley's Gram., p. 133. But the author, who, by the number and reputation of his works, formed our language more than any one, into its present state, is Dryden."-Blair's Rhet., p. 180. "In some States, Courts of Admiralty have no juries, nor Courts of Chancery at all.”—Webster's Essays, p. 146. "I feel myself grateful to my friend."-Murray's Key, p. 276. "This requires a writer to have, himself, a very clear apprehension of the object he means to present to us."-Blair's Rhet., p. 94. "Sense has its own harmony, as well as sound."-1b., p. 127. "The apostrophe denotes the

omission of an i which was formerly inserted, and made an addition of a syllable to the word"— Priestley's Gram., p. 67. "There are few, whom I can refer to, with more advantage than Mr. Addison."-Blair's Rhet., p. 139. DEATH, in theology, [is a] perpetual separation from God, and eternal torments."-Webster's Dict. "That could inform the traveler as well as the old man himself!"-O. B. Peirce's Gram., p. 345.

UNDER NOTE VIII.-YE AND YOU IN SCRIPTURE.

"Ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth."-ALGER'S BIBLE: Jer., xlix, 3. "Wash ye, make you clean."-Brown's Concordance, w. Wash. "Strip ye, and make ye bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins."-ALGER'S BIBLE: Isaiah, xxxii, 11. "You are not ashamed that you make yourselves strange to me."-FRIENDS' BIBLE: Job, xix, 3. "You are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me."-ALGER'S BIBLE: ib. "If you knew the gift of God."Brown's Concordance, w. Knew. "Depart from me, ye workers of iniquity, I know ye not."Penington's Works, ii, 122.

RULE VI. SAME CASES.

A Noun or a Pronoun put after a verb or participle not transitive, agrees in case with a preceding noun or pronoun referring to the same thing: as, "It is I."- "These are they.""The child was named John.” "It could not be he."-"The Lord sitteth King forever."-Psalms, xxix, 10.

"What war could ravish, commerce could bestow,

And he return'd a friend, who came a foe."-Pope, Ep. iii, 1. 206.

OBSERVATIONS ON RULE VI.

OBS. 1.-Active-transitive verbs, and their imperfect and preperfect participles, always govern the objective case; but active-intransitive, passive, and neuter verbs, and their participles, take the same case after as before them, when both words refer to the same thing. The latter are rightly supposed not to govern* any case; nor are they in general followed by any noun or pro noun. But, because they are not transitive, some of them become connectives to such words as are in the same case and signify the same thing. That is, their finite tenses may be followed by a nominative, and their infinitives and participles by a nominative or an objective, agreeing with a noun or a pronoun which precedes them. The cases are the same, because the person or thing is one; as, "I am he."-"Thou art Peter."- -"Civil government being the sole object of forming societies, its administration must be conducted by common consent."-Jefferson's Notes, p. 129. Identity is both the foundation and the characteristic of this construction. We chiefly use it to affirm or deny, to suggest or question, the sameness of things; but sometimes figuratively, to illus trate the relations of persons or things by comparison:+ as, I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman."-John, xv, 1. "I am the vine, ye are the branches.”—John, xv, 5. Even the names of direct opposites, are sometimes put in the same case, under this rule; as,

'By such a change thy darkness is made light,

Thy chaos order, and thy weakness might."-Cowper, Vol. i, p. 88.

OBS. 2. In this rule, the terms after and preceding refer rather to the order of the sense and construction, than to the mere placing of the words; for the words in fact admit of various positions. The proper subject of the verb is the nominative to it, or before it, by Rule 2d; and the other nominative, however placed, is understood to be that which comes after it, by Rule 6th. In general, however, the proper subject precedes the verb, and the other word follows it, agreeably to the literal sense of the rule. But when the proper subject is placed after the verb, as in certain instances specified in the second observation under Rule 2d, the explanatory nominative is commonly introduced still later; as, But be thou an example of the believers."-1 Tim. iv, 12. But what! is thy servant a dog ?"-2 Kings, viii, 13. "And so would I, were I Parmenio.”— Goldsmith. "O Conloch's daughter! is it thou ?"-Ossian. But in the following example, on the contrary, there is a transposition of the entire lines, and the verb agrees with the two nominatives in the latter:

"To thee were solemn toys or empty show,

The robes of pleasure and the veils of wo."-Dr. Johnson.

OBS. 3.-In interrogative sentences, the terms are usually transposed‡, or both are placed after * Some, however, have conceived the putting of the same case after the verb as before it, to be government; as, "Neuter verbs occasionally govern either the nominative or [the] objective case, after them."-Alexander's Gram., p. 54. "The verb to be, always governs a Nominative, unless it be of the Infinitive Mood."-Buchan an's Gram., p. 94. This latter assertion is, in fact, monstrously untrue, and also solecistical.

+ Not unfrequently the conjunction as intervenes between these "same cases," as it may also between words in apposition; as, "He then is as the head, and we as the members; he the vine, and we the branches."-Bar clay's Works, Vol. ii, p. 139.

house?

"Whose house is that?" This sentence, before it is parsed, should be transposed; thus, Whose is that The same observation applies to every sentence of a similar construction."-Chandler's old Gram.. p, 93. This instruction is worse than nonsense; for it teaches the pupil to parse every word in the sentence wrong! The author proceeds to explain Whose, as "qualifying house, understood;" is, as agreeing "with its nomina

"What

"Tell

the verb; as, "Am I a Jew?"-John, xviii, 35. "Art thou a king then ?"-Ib., ver. 37. is truth?"-Ib., ver. 38. "Who art thou?"-Ib., i, 19. Art thou Elias ?"-Ib., i, 21. me, Alciphron, is not distance a line turned endwise to the eye?"-Berkley's Dialogues, p. 161. "Whence, and what art thou, execrable shape?"-Milton.

"Art thou that traitor angel? art thou he?"-Idem.

OBS. 4.-In a declarative sentence also, there may be a rhetorical or poetical transposition of one or both of the terms: as, "And I thy victim now remain."-Francis's Horace, ii, 45. "To thy own dogs a prey thou shalt be made."-Pope's Homer, "I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame."-Job, xxix, 15. "Far other scene is Thrasymene now."-Byron. In the following sentence, the latter term is palpably misplaced: "It does not clearly appear at first what the antecedent is to they.”—Blair's Rhet., p. 218. Say rather: "It does not clearly appear at first, what is the antecedent to [the pronoun] they." In examples transposed like the following, there is an elegant ellipsis of the verb to which the pronoun is nominative; as, am, art, &c. "When pain and anguish wring the brow,

A ministering angel thou."-Scott's Marmion. "The forum's champion, and the people's chief,

Her new-born Numa thou-with reign, alas! too brief.”—Byron.

"For this commission'd, I forsook the sky

Nay, cease to kneel-thy fellow-servant I."-Parnell.

OBS. 5.-In some peculiar constructions, both words naturally come before the verb; as, "I know not who she is."-" Who did you say it was ?"-"I know not how to tell thee who I am."Romeo. "Inquire thou whose son the stripling is."-1 Sam., xvii, 56. "Man would not be the creature which he now is."--Blair. "I could not guess who it should be."-Addison. And they are sometimes placed in this manner by hyberbaton, or transposition; as, "Yet he it is."-Young. "No contemptible orator he was."-Dr. Blair. "He it is to whom I shall give a sop."-John, xiii, 26. And a very noble personage Cato is."-Blair's Rhet., p. 457. "Clouds they are without water."―Jude, 12.

"Of worm or serpent kind it something looked,

But monstrous, with a thousand snaky heads."—Pollok, B. i, 1. 183.

OBS. 6. As infinitives and participles have no nominatives of their own, such of them as are not transitive in their nature, may take diferent cases after them; and, in order to determine what case it is that follows them, the learner must carefully observe what preceding word denotes the same person or thing, and apply the principle of the rule accordingly. This word being often remote, and sometimes understood, the sense is the only clew to the construction. Examples: "Who then can bear the thought of being an outcast from his presence?"-Addison. Here outrast agrees with who, and not with thought. "I cannot help being so passionate an admirer as I am."-Steele. Here admirer agrees with I. "To recommend what the soberer part of mankind look upon to be a trifle.”—Steele. Here trifle agrees with what as relative, the objective governed by upon. "It would be a romantic madness, for a man to be a lord in his closet."-Id. Here madness is in the nominative case, agreeing with it; and lord, in the objective, agreeing with "To affect to be a lord in one's closet, would be a romantic madness." In this sentence also, lord is in the objective, after to be; and madness, in the nominative, after would be.

man.

"My dear Tibullus !' if that will not do,

Let me be Horace, and be Ovil you."-Pope, B. ii, Ep. ii, 143.

OBS. 7.-An active-intransitive or a neuter participle in ing, when governed by a preposition, is often followed by a noun or a pronoun the case of which depends not on the preposition, but on the case which goes before. Example: "The Jews were in a particular manner ridiculed for being a credulous people."—Addison's Evidences, p. 28. Here people is in the nominative case, agreeing with Jews. Again: "The learned pagans ridiculed the Jews for being a credulous people." Here people is in the objective case, because the preceding noun Jews is so. In both instances the preposition for governs the participle being, and nothing else. "The atrocious crime of being a young man, I shall neither attempt to palliate or deny."-PITT: Bullions's E. Gram., p. 82; S. S. Greene's, 174. Sanborn has this text, with "nor" for "or."—Analytical Gram., p. 190. This example has been erroneously cited, as one in which the case of the noun after the participle is not determined by its relation to any other word. Sanborn absurdly supposes it to be "in the nominative independent." Bullions as strangely tells us, "it may correctly be called the objective indefinite"-like me in the following example: "He was not sure of its being me."-Bullions's E. Gram., p. 82. This latter text I take to be bad English. It should be, "He was not sure of it as being me;" or, "He was not sure that it was I." But, in the text above, there is an evident transposition. The syntactical order is this: "I shall neither deny nor attempt to palliate the atrocious crime of being a young man." The words man and I refer to the same person, and are therefore in the same case, according to the rule which I have given above.

OBS. 8.-S. S. Greene, in his late Grammar, improperly denominates this case after the participle being, "the predicate-nominative," and imagines that it necessarily remains a nominative even tive, house" that, as "qualifying house;" and house, as" nominative case to the verb, is." Nothing of this is true of the original question. For, in that, Whose is governed by house; house is nominative after is; is agrees with house understood; and that relates to house understood. The meaning is, "Whose house is that house?** or, in the order of a declarative sentence, "That house is whose house?"