Paris; Count Gustave Potting Persing, president of the Oesterreichische Automobile Club, Vienna;_Count Francois van der Straten-Ponthoz, president of the Automobile Club de Belgique, Brussels; S. D. Horzog Victor von Ratibor, president of the Deutscher Automobil Club, Berlin; Count Biscaretti di Ruffia, president of the Automobile d'Italie, Turin, and Alois Naville de Fontenex, president of the Automobile Club de Suisse, Geneva. The Automobile Club of America is owned and controlled by its life and active members, the associate members being entitled to all the privileges of the club, but having no proprietorship in it nor voice in its control. The total membership of the club is 380, of whom 314 are active and 66 are associate. There are 430 automobiles owned by members of the club and 115 under order. The house of the club is at 753 Fifth avenue, New York City, and the officers are as follows: President, Albert R. Shattuck; first vice-president, Gen. George Moore Smith; second vice-president, Edwin Gould; third vice-president, Harry Payne Whitney; treasurer, Jefferson Seligman; secretary, S. M. Butler. The Board of Governors consists of the president, first vice-president and treasurer, ex-officio, and nine other members, of whom three retire each year, the vacancies being filled at the annual election of that year. Among the several standing committees is one designated the Technical Committee, composed at present of Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler, chairman; Peter Cooper Hewitt, Lewis Nixon, Louis Duncan, L. T. Gibbs, E. T. Birdsall, A. L. Riker and Prof. Elihu Thompson.

Federation of American Clubs.-During the year 1902 several of the leading clubs in the United States formed the American Automobile Association, which is designed to be a federation of all clubs of this character, with a view to securing proper attention to automobilism in its national relations. It will relieve local clubs of work and responsibilities which do not properly belong to any one of them; and its aim will be to develop and serve general interest throughout the country in the automobile as a vehicle for pleasure and sport. The clubs enrolled in the association at the present time are the Automobile Club of America, New York; Chicago Automobile Club, Chicago, Ill.; Long Island Automobile Club, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Automobile Club of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rhode Island Automobile Club, Providence, R. I.; Automobile Club of New Jersey, Newark, N. J.; Automobile Club of Utica, Utica, N. Y., and Grand Rapids Automobile Club, Grand Rapids, Mich. Following is a list of the officials and the clubs to which they respectively belong:

President, Winthrop E. Scarritt, Automobile Club of America; First Vice-President, F. C. Donald, Chicago Automobile Club; Second Vice-President, W. W. Grant, Long Island Automobile Club; Third VicePresident, H. G. Morris, Automobile Club of Philadelphia; Treasurer, Jefferson Seligman, Automobile Club of America; Secretary, S. M. Butler, Automobile Club of America, 753 Fifth avenue, New York City.

Start of the Automobile Race from Paris to Berlin.

Directors-Frank G. Webb, Long Island Automobile Club; A. R. Shattuck, Automobile Club of America; Dr. Julian A. Chase. Rhode Island Automobile Club; W. J. Stewart, Automobile Club of New Jersey: Frank C. Lewin, Automobile Club of Philadelphia; C. S. Mott, Automobile Club of Utica; A. R. Pardington, Long Island Automobile Club.

Chairmen of Committees-Racing Committee, W. J. Stewart, New Jersey Automobile Club; Legislative Committee, Jefferson Seligman, Automobile Club of America; Technical Committee, Dr. Julian A. Chase, Rhode Island Automobile Club; Membership Committee. F. C. Donald, Chicago Automobile Club; Highways Committee, Frank G. Webb, Long Island Automobile Club; Auditing Committee, Frank C. Lewin, Automobile Club of Philadelphia.

AUTOMOBILE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS.-The following is a complete list of Automobile Clubs and Associations in the United States: New York.-American Automobile Association. Secretary, S. M. Butler, 753 Fifth avenue, New York City. Automobile Club of America. Secretary. S. M. Butler, No. 753 Fifth avenue, New York City. Columbia University Automobile Club. Secretary, R. C. Gaige, Columbia University, New York City. Long Island Automobile Club. Secretary, L. A. Hopkins, 1190 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Westchester Automobile Club. President, Howard Willets. White Plains, N. Y.

Troy Automobile Club. Secretary, I. S. Thiell, Troy, N. Y.

Herkimer Automobile Club. Vice-President, Dr. H. Morton Roberts, Herkimer, N. Y.

Automobile Club of Syracuse. Secretary, Fred H. Elliott, Syracuse, N. Y.

Automobile Club of Rochester. Secretary, Frederick Sager, 16 State street, Rochester, N. Y.

Buffalo Automobile Club. Secretary, Elicott Evans, Lenox Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y.

Automobile Club of Utica. Secretary, James S. Holmes, Utica, N. Y.

The National Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Samuel T. Davis, Jr., president, 7 East Fortysecond street, New York.

New Jersey-Automobile Club of New Jersey. Secretary, W. J. Stewart, 8 Central avenue, Newark, N. J. North Jersey Automobile Club. Secretary, E. T. Bell, Jr.. Princeton, N. J.

Princeton University Automobile Club. Secretary, C. H. Dugro, Princeton, N. J.

Hudson County Automobile Club. Secretary, Frank Eveland, 31 West Forty-second street, New York.

Massachusetts.-Massachusetts Automobile Club. Secretary, Dr. F. L. D. Rust, 751 Bolyston street,
Boston, Mass.
Worcester Automobile Club. Secretary, Harry E. Shiland, Worcester, Mass.

Automobile Club of Springfield. President, V. T. Bly, Springfield, Mass.
New Bedford Automobile Club. Secretary, Eli Watson, New Bedford, Mass.
Harvard College Automobile Club, Cambridge, Mass.

port, Conn.

Connecticut.-Automobile Club of Bridgeport. Secretary, F. W. Bolande, 140 Cannon street, BridgeAutomobile Club of Hartford, care of W. G. Cowles, Travellers' Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Rhode Island.-Rhode Island Automobile Club. Secretary, E. C. Fletcher, P. O. Box 1314, Providence, R. I. Secretary, Frank C. Lewin, 215 North Broad street,

Pennsylvania.-Automobile Club of Philadelphia.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Ohio.

Pennsylvania Automobile Club. Secretary, H. J. Johnson, 138 North Broad street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bloomsburg Automobile Club. C. W. Funston, Bloomsburg, Pa.

Maryland.-Automobile Club of Maryland. Secretary, C. W. Stork, Baltimore, Md.
Ohio.-Columbus Automobile Club. Secretary, C. M. Chittenden, Broad street, Columbus, Ohio.
Automobile Club of Cincinnati. Secretary, Rutherford H. Cox, 30 West Seventh street, Cincinnati,

Dayton Automobile Club. Secretary, E. Frank Platt, Dayton, Ohio.

Cleveland Automobile Club. Secretary, L. H. Rogers, 357 Amesbury avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. Illinois.-Chicago Automobile Club. Secretary, H. M. Brinkerhoff, Steinway Hall, Chicago, Ill. Indiana.-Indiana Automobile Club. Secretary C. G. Fisher, Cyclorama Place, Indianapolis, Ind. Michigan.-Detroit Automobile Racing Association. W. E. Metzger, 254 Jefferson avenue, Detroit, California. Automobile Club of California. Secretary, R. R. L'Hommedieu, San Francisco, Cal. District of Columbia.-National Capitol Automobile Club. Secretary, Winfred J. Foss, 819 Fourteenth street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Mich.

FOREIGN CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS.-As nearly as can be ascertained the following list comprises all the automobile clubs and associations in other countries than the United States: AUSTRIA-Budapest.-Magyar Automobil Club, 37 Museum Korul. Innsbruck.-Tiroler Automobil Club, Restaurant Maxmilian. Prague.-Prager Automobil Club.

Vienna.-Oesterreichische Automobil Club, Karnthnerring 10. President, Le Comte Gustave Potting

Persing.

Bieberstein.

BELGIUM-Antwerp.-Automobile Club Anversois, 34 r. Longue de l'Hopital. President, Baron de Moto-Club Anversois Grand Cafe, av. Dekerper. President, M. P. Dupont.

Brussels.-Automobile Club de Belgique, 5 pl. Royale. President, M. le Comte Francois van der

Straten-Ponthoz.

Moto-Club de Belgique, 152 Boul. du Nord. President, M. Leon Deharit.
Touring Club de Belgique, 11 r. der Vauniers. President, M. Gaston Beirlaen.

Charleroi.-Automobile Club de Charleroi, 18 Quai de Brabant. President, M. Edward Dewandre.
Ghent.-Automobile Club de Flandres. President, M. Hemptinne.

Liege.-Automobile Club Liegeois, 2 r. Hamal. President, M. A. Dawans-Preudhomme.

FRANCE-Amiens.-Automobile Club de Picardie, 36 r. de la Hotoir.

President, M. Albert Jumel.

Avignon.-Automobile Club d'Avignon, Cafe des Negociants. President, M. Joseph Pernod.
Beziers.-Automobile Club Bitterois, Allee Paul-Riquet. President, M. Ch. Viennet.
Moto-Club Bitterrois. President, M. G. Prat.

Bordeaux.-Automobile Club Bordelais, 42 Allees d'Orleans. President, M. le Dr. Creuzan.
Brest.-Automobile Club Brestois.

Dijon.-Automobile Club Bourguignon, Cafe Americaine, 5, r. Lomonnoye. President, M.

President, M. J. Clozel.

Fereol. President, M. H. de Farconnet.

Gaston

Grenoble.-Automobile Club Dauphinois, pl. Grenette. President, M. le Dr. A. Pegoud. Lyon.-Bicycle et Automobile Club de Lyon, 12, r. du Bat-d'Argent. Moto-Club de Lyon, 14, quai de l'Est. President, M. Collin. Marseilles.-Automobile Club de Marseilles, 61, r. St. Automobile Club de Provence, 23, r. Cannebiere. Federation Des Automobile Club du Sud-Est, 61, r. St. Nancy.-Automobile Club Lorrain, Res. 12, Stanislas pl. Nice.-Automobile Velo. Club de Nice, 16, r. Chauvain. Paris.-Automobile Club de France, 6, pl. de la Concorde. Chambre Syndicate de L'Automobile Et Des Industries Qui S'y Rattachent, 6, Place de la Concorde. President, M. le Comte de Dion.

Fereol. President, M. H. de Farconnet.
President, M. Schott.

President, M. Jacques Goudoin.

Chambre Syndicate Des Carrossiers, 3, Cite' et r. de Enece.

President, Baron de Zuylen de Nyevelt.

Federation Des Mechaniciens Et Chauffeurs Francais, 7, pl. de l'Hotel-de-Ville.

Touring Club De France, 5, r. Coq-Heron. President, M. A. Ballif.

Societe Amicle Des Conducteurs-Mecaniciens D'Automobiles, 70, Avenue de la Grande-Armee.

Union Automobile De France, 4. r. Meyerbeer. President, M. Leon Serpollet.

Pau.-Automobile Club, Bearnais, av. de la Pare. President, M. W. K. Thorn.

Periguex.-Veloce Club Perigourdin, Hotel de Commerce, pl. President, M. le Count de Fayolle.
Rouen.-Automobile Club Normand, 4, boul. d'Orleans. President, M. Bridoux.
Salon.-Automobile Club de Salon, Cercle des Arts et Metiers, pl. de la Grippe.

nand Bertin.

President, M. Fer

Toulouse-Automobile Club Toulousain, 6, r. Darquier. President, M. le Baron de Sambucy de Sorgues. GERMANY-Aachenn.-(Aix la Chapell). Westdeutscher Automobil Club, Hotel Grand Monarque. President, F. Kupper. Berlin-Mitteleuropaischer Motor Wagen-Verein, 1, Universitat-strasse. Herr A. Klose. Deutscher Automobil Club, 4a, Sommerstrasse. President. S. D. Horzog Victor von Ratibor. Deutscher Automobil-Verbando. President. Victor Horzog von Ratibor.

Dresden.-Radfahrer und Automobilisten-Vereinigung Dresdener Touren Club. President, Herr F. Leyde. Eisenhach.-Mitteldeutscher Automobil Club.

Motorfahrer Club, Eisenhach.

Frankfort Am Main.-Frankfurter Automobil-Club, Restaurant Kaiserhoff, Goeteplatz. J. B. Muller-Herfurth and W. Opel.

Presidents,

Heidelberg.-Alldeutscher Automobil-Club (Federation of the Chief German Automobile Clubs).
Koln a Rh.-(Cologne). Kolner Automobil-Club. Presidents, C. H. Weber and R. Schaeben.
Mannheim.-Rheinischer Automobil-Club. Presidents, E. Benz and A. von Harden.

Munich.-Bayrische Automobil-Club, 33 Findlingstrasse. Presidents, H. Enders and A. Kienle.
Nuremburg.-Frankischer Automobil-Club. Presidents, G. Barth and L. Shutte.

Stettin. Erster Stettiner Bicycle and Automobil-Club, Restaurant Neubauer, Konigsthor. President, R. Maletzky. Strassburg.-Strassburger Automobil-Club.

Automobil-Club von Elsass-Lothringen. President, M. Schutzenberger.

Stuttgart.-Suddeutscher Automobil-Club.

Wurtembergischer Automobil-Club. President, A. Pfautsch.

GREAT BRITAIN-Dublin.-The Irish Automobile Club.

Edinburgh. The Scottish Automobile Club, 4A St. Andrew Square.

H. A. Macdonald.

President, the Rt. Hon. Sir J.

Liverpool.-The Liverpool Self-Propelled Traffic Association, Royal Institution, Colquitt street. President, the Earl of Derby, K. G.

London.-Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland, 4 Whitehall Court, S. W. Chairman, Mr. Roger W. Wallace, K. C.; Secretary, Mr. C. Johnson.

Motor Car Club, 40 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. President, Mr. Henry J. Lawson.
Leeds.-Yorkshire Automobile Club. President, Lord St. Oswald.

Leicester.-Leicester and County Automobile Club, being the Leicester Branch of the A. G. G. B. I. Secretary, Mr. J. H. Petersen.

Manchester.-The Manchester Automobile Club, 37 Cross street.

Nottingham.-Nottingham and District Automobile Club, The Black Bay Hotel.

Knowles, Esq., J. P.

Reading.-Reading Automobile Club, 1 Minster street.
HOLLAND-Nimegue.-Nederlandsche Automobile Club.
ITALY-Bologna.-Automobile Club, Eimlaina.
Ferrara.-Automobile Club.
Firenze.-C. A. I. Firenze.
Mestre.-C. A. I. Venezia.

Milan.-Automobile Club di Milano.
Padova.-Automobile Club Vaneto.

President, R. M.

President, Mr. Alfred Harmsworth.
President, M. Backx.

President, M. Conessa E. ja Albrezzi.

President, Count Bisearetti di Ruffia.

Turin.-Automobile d'Italia, Palazzena del Parco del Valentino.

RUSSIA-Moscow.-Moskauer Automobile Club, Petrowka, Hans Roschnow.
St. Petersburg.-Automobile Club de Russe. President, M. Deborme.
SPAIN.-Madrid.-Automobile Club de Madrid.

SWITZERLAND-Geneva.-Automobile Club de Swisse, 2 rue de Hesse. President, M. Alois Naville

Belgium.

Capital:
BRUSSELS.

Prior to 1830, the Kingdom of Belgium was

a part of the Netherlands, and the secession
on October 4 was the result of a revolution at
Brussels. At the National Congress, which was
held on June 4, 1831, Prince Leopold of Saxe-
Coburg was elected King of the Belgians. He
accepted the office on July 12, and on July 21
ascended the throne. In accordance with the
Constitution of 1831 the royal succession is in
direct male line in the order of primogeniture.
King Leopold, son of the first King Leopold
and Princess Louise, daughter of the late King
Louis Philippe of France, succeeded to the
throne on the death of his father, December
10, 1865. On August 22, 1853, he married
Archduchess Marle Henrietta, born August 23,
1836, daughter of the late Archduke Joseph of

Austria. Their children are:

The Heir Apparent.-Naturally the heir apparent would be the King's brother, Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, who was born March 24, 1837, and who married Princess Marie of Hohenzollern April 25, 1867. As he has renounced his right of succession, however, his son, Prince Albert, is now heir apparent to the throne of Belgium. He was born 1900, was married to Duchess Eliza child. Prince Leopold, born Novem

THE MINISTRY.-Premier and Works, M. de Smet de Nayer; Minis Favercau; Minister of the Interior Minister of Agriculture, Baron van and Labor, M. Gustave Francotte; Heuvel; Minister of Railways, Posts Minister of War, General Cousebant

THE NATION.-Belgium is a and representative, with the legis the Senate and the Chamber of vested in the heads of eight Minis bers proportioned according to popu The Chamber of Representatives years, their number also being pro

Religious liberty is guaranteed entire population profess the Roman ing Protestants and Jews.

Each commune is required by school. There is no national compul versities are surrounded by special

Judges are appointed for life nominations. The judiciary includes peal, assize courts and twenty-six furnish relief to its paupers.

Belgium has 806 miles of land tensive scheme of land fortification the chief arsenal. The navy is incon

King Leopold.

April 8, 1875, and on October 2, beth of Bavaria. They have one ber 3, 1901.

Minister of Finance and Public ter of Foreign Affairs, M. Paul de and Public Instruction, M. De Trooz; der Bruggen; Minister of Industry Minister of Justice, M. van den and Telegraphs, M. Liebaert, and Alkemade.

constitutional monarchy, hereditary lative power vested in the King, Representatives, and the executive ters. The Senate consists of memlation and elected for eight years. consists of members elected for four portioned on population.

by the Constitution. Nearly the Catholic religion, about 15,000 be

law to support at least one public sory education. The four large unischools of an advanced class.

by the King from Senate and court one Court of Cassation, three of apdistrict courts. Each commune must

and 42 of water frontier. An exis being carried out, Antwerp being siderable. In each province there

is an agricultural commission, and only 54 per cent of the total area of Belgium is cultivated. There is also a special department of industry and labor to care for the extensive mining and metal industries.

During the month of April, 1902. Brussels was the scene of violent riots and socia'istic demonstrations, which arose at times to the fury of pitched battles with the soldiery. The trouble came from the agitation of the suffrage question. In Belgium a man may have from one to three votes, according to certain qualifications. The poorer classes claim that in the exercise of this law they are discriminated against, and so there has been a persistent demand for universal suffrage. It was while laws insuring such suffrage (necessitating a constituti amendment for adoption) were being considered (in one of the stormiest sessions the Legislature of the little kingdom has ever known) that the demonstrations and subsequent rioting took place. It was only after the people had been finally persuaded that the Government would stand firmly by the old law, and not a little blood had been shed, that the people returned to their more peaceful Vocations.

Bhutan.

Capital:
PUNAKHA.

The little independent State of Bhutan is hidden in the Eastern Himalayas, between latitudes 26°45' and 28°. North, and longitudes 89° and 92° East. The head of the Government is two-fold, Deb Raja being the secular head, and the Dharm Raja the spiritual head. On condition of good behavior the Indian Government pays a small sum for their expenses each year. Although nominally Buddhists, the people of Bhutan find their chief religious exercises in reading the Thibetan Bible and exorcising evil spirits. The principal products are cereals, cloths, musk, ponies, silk, finely tempered swords and muzzle-loading guns. The trade is chiefly with India.

The country has an area of about 16.800 square miles, and its population has been estimated at 20,000. The original inhabitants of the country, the Tphus, were subjugated about two centuries ago by a band of military colonists from Thibet. In 1774 the East India country concluded a treaty with the ruler of Bhutan, but repeated outrages upon British subjects by the Bhutan hill men led to punative expeditions, each of which usually ended in the annexation of a part of the territory to the British Empire. The Indian government now has effective control over the country, and holds two strong posts at Baxa and Diwangiri, within a few miles of the frontier. Beyond the guards for the defence of the several castles, there is no military organization. Muzzle-loading guns and swords of highly tempered steel are manufactured. In 1902 the Dheb Raja was Pam Sangey Daji, and the Dharm Raja was Jik Mechhogyal.