Silistria.............. 17E4 ..8E2 .8C2 .15H2 .5F1 Silver City, Ariz .11L2 Solikamsk, .2B5 St. Augustine Russia.3K2 St. Catharines Pt..8F6 St. Petersburg, Russia, Stribling .1801 Solomon Is.. .18D4 Solothurn 18B2 Soltau .1D6 St. Charles, la....17D4 St. Poeten .10F6 St. Clair 10G3 St. Clairsville 18B3 Solway Firth.....8E4 St. Claud 18B3 Somali .1P5 St. Cloud .16B5 Somerset, Eng. ..8E6 St. David's Silverton, Col....18D3 Somerset, Ky....16B3 St. David's 15D3 Somerset, Neb...17B3 St. Denis 4A5 Somerset, Pa. ..15D4 St. Die Silver Springs Simcoe Simera Simia Sims Simusir Sinai Pen. Sin-Chau Sindangan Bay...14B3 Sonora R. Singkap Island...1207 Sorel Singan Singan Fu. Singapore Singkel Sining Sining Si-ning Siniscola Sinoe.. Sinope Sion Sinub, Asia... Sioux Falls. Sir Daria, Russia .1A4 Sonson 12C3 Sorau .12C8 Sore .12B6 Soria .2L5 Soudan .2L6 Soure 1203 Souris .11C4 Sourdeval 2E3 Stromness ....15F4 ..17B2 .11J4 .12D1 .16B3 17B3 .12C5 16A2 ...15C3 St, Quentin.....10D5 Strong ...15D4 St. Rosalie ..16B1 Strong Is. ......10E6 St. Settlements ..12C6 Stroudsburg ....17C2 St. Thomas ..18C3 Stround Hd....8D6 St. Thomas Is. ..16D4 Strumnitza Isl. ...5C1 St. Thomas Is...16D5 Stryetensk .10D5 St. Tropez ..10F8 Stuart .10F5 St. Valery en Caux, Stuart 15G4 St, Eloio .10D6 10C4 Stung Treng .17B5 St. Etienne .....10E7 St. Vincent 17C2 Sturgeon Falls...15D1 .9E3 St. Etienne, Fr...3E3 St. Yrieix .10C7 Sturgis .10G2 St. Felicite......16C1 Ste. Henedine ...15H1 Stutgart, Kan. ..17D5 4F7 St. Flour.......10D7 Ste. Julienne ....15G2 Stuttgart, Ger....3E3 .18C5 St. Francis, Can..16B1 Sts. of Georgia ..18A1 Stuttgart, Ger. ...9D4 7B2 St. Francis, Kan..17B4 Sts. of Mackinac 9G3 St. Francois Beance, Stafford 10B7 .10B5 St. Genix 4A5 South America....1K6 St. George .2E4 Southampton, Can., St. George 15C2 11B1 15J1 Stagas 15H1 Stamford 16C1 Standish .9D5 Stanley, Can. 15B2 Suahet .10G6 Stanley. Can. ...17E2 Suchau ..10E7 Stanley, F'kl'd Is..7D8 Su-chau ..15K2 Stanley. N. D...18E1 Sucre Channel, Stanovoi 14A3 .8E5 Suakin 4F4 .16A1 Su-chan 12C4 .12B3 1A3 7C4 ..2R2 Suction .17C4 .12F1 Suene .1K7 SC&D5&6 Stanovoi Mts. .3H3 Southampton, Eng.3D2 St. George's .18F3 South Cape 16A2 St. Girons 2E5 South Carolina...16B4 Ste. Helene Skagerak, Norway. 3F2 South China Sea, St. Hubert 18F3 2N7&8 St. Hugues State.18E1 St. Hyacinthe .9HS. Dakota Sisteron Sistova Sitka Siwas Skaguay Skalitz .15J2 Soo Joe. Skuleni 11L1 Spa Skutari Skyros .11K5 Spain ..2D1 Spain Slatina .. .11K2 Spalato Slavonia 11G2 Spandau Slecan City. 18B1 Spanish Fork Sliack Bay.. Skoide, Sweden....3F2 Sove Sligo Bay.. Slocan Lake.. Slodbodsia Sloten Sluin Slyne Head. .9C3 St. John I. W. 1.16D4 Steinitza 4B1 St. John, N. B....6M3 Stendal ..3D4 St. John, N. B...16C1 Stephenville .11G3 St. John, Pac. Is..5E2 Sterling, Col. 9F2 St. Johns, Ariz...18D4 Sterlitamak, ....18C2 St. Johns, Mich...15B3 Sternberg 5A4 Spanish Territory..4A3 St. Johns, N. F...1K3 Stettin .8B4 Spanish Town ..13E5 St. Johns, Queb..15G2 Stettin, Germany. 3F2 Sunderland, Eng..3D2 8B4 Sparta, Greece....11J6 St. Johnsbury...15H2 Steubenville, O...16B2 Sunderland' 1113 Spartanburg.....16B4 St. John's Neck..17C2 Stevens .......17 E3 Sundham 18B1 Speiden .5G2 St. Jose 7A9 Stevenson .......16A4 Sungaria Va..16B3 St. Joseph. Can..16B1 Steyr ..9G4 Sunnyside .1705 6L1 Speelto Spofford Smith Cen.. .17C4 Spokane Smoky Mts. 16B3 Sporades .3G4 Smolensk, Russia..3H2 Smyrna, Asia Smyrna, Turkey....2D5 ... ..12D7 .8F4 17B3 .12A2 ...18B3 16B4 Superior, Wis. ...17D2 ..17D2 Superior Junc. .11K7 St. Joseph Lake. 17D1 Sth. Hebrides...8C2&3 Superior, Kan. ..17C4 11E3 St. Lambert....10E7 Stites .17B6 .18B1 .11L6 .18D2 Surabaya .17C2 Surakarta ...18B1 Surat .103 Surgut St. Lawrence Is...6B1 Stockholm St. Louis, W. 9B2 Springfield, Mass. 15H3 7B2 Springfield, O. 4E7 Springer Soata Soba Gaue.. Soboersin .11J1 Spring Hope. Socorro, S. Amer...6L7 Springville ....15K1 Stockport Africa, Stolpmunde ..15B5 St. Magnes Bay Socorro, Colombia..7B2 Spurn Head.. ...8G5 St. Martaine ....114 Stonington Surigao .17D2 12D7 12D7 2J6 ..2J2 ..14C3 3F2 Surigao Strait...14C2 8E5 Surgut, Siberia ...3M1 18A3 Surrey .9H1 Susanville ..8F6 .18A2 .9H1 Susquehanna R..13F4 .8E3 Susquehanna R..15F4 .14H4 Sussex, Br. I...8F&G6 ...17D2 Sussex, Wyo. ....17A3 .6J4 Stony Brook ...4H4 Srinagar Soderhamin, Sweden, Sryetensk .18D2 .8D2 16B3 .17C3 .9L1 ....513 .10H1 ...9E4 .4A9 ..4D8 .5H2 1802 .17D2 8D6 .15G2 .2N6 ..4C9 MAP INDEX.-Continued. .5E2 The Sound 5D6 The Wash 4B9 Theresa 3D2 Tombigbee 8A4 Tombstone 18A1 Tomsk .16D4 Toms River .3N2 Trinity 1705 R....17E5 Trinity River. 17C6 .18D4 Tripoli 104 2K3 Tripoli City 4D2 .15G5 Tripoli Province. 4D3 .13C5 Tripolitza 11J6 .15E3 Trisconnía 13F2 .18A3 Troitsk, Russia. 3L2 .5H4 Tronador .1N4 Tropea .11F5 .16B3 Torbert 17C2 .13C4 Torrance ..13B2 Torris Strait .16B3 Torrijos ..17B5 Torris I. ..9J4 Tortola I. .18B4 Tortosa 11F1 Timinoun 14E1 Timor Island .11E3 Timor Laut .17A3 Timorlaut Islands 5B1 Timor Sea 2F7 Tinaka Pt. 3D3 Ting-chang 4D4 Tinos .11E3 Tinmen, Siberia .4B3 Tintah .5G1 Termini Imeress..11E5 Tin-tellust .18A2 Tin-ynan 11F3 Tipperary .10D2 Tiquville .18C2 Tiraspol, Russia .6L5 Terra del Fuego....1J8 Tirce .206 Terra del Fuego...7C8 Tirgochil' .2M8 Terre Haute, Ind. 17E4 Tirol .11B5 Tirvia .1P6 Terranova, Italy...3E3 Tirvona 4B2 Terrell 2L5 Tersheez, .5F3 Tesanj .9L3 Teschen .11C4 Tirzna 18D4 Tishamingo ..18D5 Tishit ..17C5 Tittmoning Persia..3K4 Titusville .1162 Tiumen .9.J4 Tiurust 4C4 Tobago I. .18E2 Tobolsk .12G2 Toboso 2A5 Tessaua 3M2 Tetling .11G4 Teugara St. 3F3 Texarkana 10C8 Texas Hill 10E8 Texas, State .5G1 Texhama 10D2 Texico 10C8 Texico 16C3 Texline 14D2 Thames River.. .14D2 Tohannj Lake, Siberia 10B3 .9K3 Thedford .2K4 Thatch Cay. 9K4 The Alps 17C5 Todtnau Toledo, Mont. 11D3 The Everglades..16B5 Toll el Mahuta ..10E2 The Hague, Belgium, Tarquinia Tarragona Tarrasa ...10E2 Tartar Bazardjik..11J3 The Hague Tolometa 3E2 Tolon ......9B2 Tolosa 16D1 Tullear 4G8 .18A3 Tula 14D3 5G2 Tumbigbee R....16A4 .17C3 Tumna Bay. .14F1 17E2 Tungchang .1204 14C3 Trading Post 12D3 Training .18C2 Tunging Lake. .2N6 .17A3 Tung-ting hu....12D4 11K6 Tralee .8B5 Tunguska ..1201 ..3L2 Trancoso 10A2 Tunis, Africa ....3F4 .17C2 Transbaikal ..12D1 Tunis, Africa ..11D6 4C4 Transcaspian Province, Tunnel City. .17E2 2G4 Tupelo 17E5 ....11J1 Turan .12C5 .....4E8 Turgai .2H4 11E5 Turian 16A2 Turin, Italy .2K4 .3E3 ...17E3 Turin .11B2 7G8 Turkey .3G3 9J3 Turkey .1114 .11H3 Turkey in Asia ..11M5 9H3 Turkestan .1R3 .7C7 Turkestan .3K&LA 11D1 Turnau ... .9G3 .8B5 Transylvania .10C5 Transvaal ..3H3 Trapani .8C3 Traverse City .11J2 Traverse City 7C3 Traverse Ids. .10E2 Trchinia 11K3 Trebenje .11H4 Trebnitz .17C5 Trelew 4B4 Trent .9F4 Trenton, Mo. .16B5 Trenton, N. J. .2H3 Trenton, Tenn. .4A4 Trentschim 7D1 Treport 2H3 Tresnurghes .10C2 Tres Pinos. .9D5 Treutschin .3K4 Treves .18C3 Treviso .17D3 Turner's Hole ...16D5 ..16D2 Turnhout ........9B3 ..9J4 .9H4 Turnu Severin ...11J2 ..17E4 Turnny 10C4 Turon ..17C4 .11B4 Turtle Lake ....17D2 .18A3 Turtukan ..11L3 ..9J4 Tury-assu .7E3 .904 Tuscaloosa .17E5 .11El Tuscany 11D3 1113 Trial Bay .5E5 Tuscarora .18B2 .9K4 Tribune .17B4 Tuscumbia 16A4 .5H3 Triest, Hungary...3F3 Tuscumbia 17E5 1C4 Triestoe .11E2 Tusun 4G11 4D3 Trikala .1115 Tuticorin 2J8 .18D1 Trillo .10C2 Tutuila 5H3 15B4 Trim SC5 Tuy .1001 .18A2 Trincomali ...10C2 Tring 2K8 Tver, Russia .3H2 16B1 Tycloban .12E5 ..15H1 Tyen-shan 12A2 .15H4 Tring Jc. .4G11 Trinidad, Col. .4D2 Trinidad, Cuba 14B3 Trinidad, S. A. .10C1 Trinidad Springs ...18E3 Tyle ..13D3 Tynn ...7C1 Tyrnau .17B4 Tyrol ..16C2) Ust Sisolsk, Tyrone Ust Tzilma, Tyrrhenian Sea, 11D-E4-5 Ust Uchta, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, Ust Ussa, 3F3 Ustyansk Tzaritzin, Russia..3J3 Utah Ubay Ubn Tengis, L. Ubon 14B2 Utaline Utchaniud .3L3 Utchaniud .2M7 Utchu .2L3 Utiel 12B1 Utica, Kan 15E5 ...5J1 MAP INDEX.-Continued. .10C2 Utica, N. Y. ..5H3 Utica .3F3 Utrecht Siberia Ubsa Nor 11E1 Uua Udskoi .12F1 Uvada Udskoi .1C3 Uvalde Ugashik 18C3 V. de Tolima. Ukiah .18A3 V. Illimani Ukiaski Üres .7C4 Viborg. Finland..3G1 Waigoie 2T3 Vadso, Finland...3G1 Vicana .17C1 Valdanne ..9J5 Valdicia .8C3 Valdepenas .1P6 Valdosta ...10E8 Vicenza 10C2 Vichy 13E3 Waihole ..11D2 Wakata ..1007 Waitzen 10D6 Wake Wakefield 13E3 Wake I... ..4A4 Wakseny ..18A1 Walachia .5C3 Walanae .17C6 Walata 7B7 Vicksburg, Miss..17D5 Wakefield 14E1 Valievo 18B1 Valla Africa 1112 Viedma Walchen See. ..19E7 Wales 11E3 Valladolid, Mex..13D4 Vienna, .18B3 Valley Spgs. 6E2 Valloa .9L4 Valparaiso, Bay of. 1A8 Vigo .17B4 Valparaiso, Chili .1J7 Vijaru 16C2 Valparaiso, Ind Union City, Tenn. 17E4 Valparaiso, Ind 13C2 Van Buren. .4B10 Vanceboro .1642 Vilas 17E3 Villena .15K1 Villinsk .15K2 Vilkomin 9C3 Walfisch Bay, .10C6 ish ... .11G4 Walhalla .16B4 Waynes .1684 5J1 Waynesboro .17E5 .15C2 Waynesburg .15D5 ..17B4 Wayside .17C1 Dak.17B2 Weaschim .9G4 ..17B3 Weatherford, Okla., 4B4 17C5 .18B1 Weatherford, Tex., .14D2 17C4 9G2 Webster .15H3. ...8C3 5E4 Weed .17A5 18D3 Wehlau 9K1 18D1 Weiden ..9F4 .16B4 Wei-hai-wei .12E3 9C3 .9E3 Unkel Unst U Point Upernavik Upola Upoto Upper ..13B3 Van Etten Jc. Uniontown (Pa.) 16C3 Van Wert .9C3 Vanikaro 8F1 Vanna Leon. .17C3 Varallo 6Ni Varangerfjord, 14D2 land 4D5 Varese 13B4 Varde .4B5 Varna 18A1 Villa Alvean .18D1 Villa Bella Str.12F3 Villa Cr ..16C2 Villa Hayes 17B5 Villa Nova 15B4 Villa Rica .5F3 Villa Real .5G3 Villaedro .11B2 Villalon Villingen Lap 3H1 Vilna, Russia. ..11C2 Vilnay 11C5 Walton, Mich...15A2 Weilburg 10B2 Walton, Mich...16A2 Weimar .9D4 Walton, Mich. 17D3 Wellington, Kan. 17C4 4B8 Wellington, New 14D2 Wellington, New .15B4 Wellington, Ohio..15C4 .1702 Wellington, Okla..17C5 .17C2 Wellington, Tex. 17B5 .18B1 Wells Beach 9D3 Wells, Col. .1064 Wells, Eng. .15G5 Wells R.. 4C2 Wellsboro ....15J3 ..8G5 16B1 15E4 17B4 Wellsburg 15D4 .18B2 Wellsport .17B2 17D5 Wemnan I. ..17C2 Wenchau ...15D4 Wendell 7A4 16B2 Wendover ..16C2 Werdau .18E2 .9F3 16B4 Werschetz .1112 .10F4 .1063 17C2 .9K2 Wesseli .9G4 .9H2 Wesser River. .9D2 1702 Wesson 17D5 17B2 West 18D3 ..8F5 W. Australia ..5A4 ...17B5 W. Bay City. .16B2 ..17A4 West Cape ..14D3&D2 17D2 West Chester .15F5 ..17A4 7C8 .1C3 Warrenton 2N3 Volga River .9B4 Volga R. 10E5 Volga R.. Volga R., 2P1 Volhynia 282 Volkovisk 17C6 Vologda, Russia. .3K4 Veliki Ustuz. Rus.3J1 Volos 12 Voltri Uspenskoi, Russia..3J1 Verdigne Velasco .11E5 Verdigras ......17B3 Volx Cat Ilich, Russia..3K1 Vermillion, Neb. 18D2 Voronezh, ......2P3 Vermillion, Wyo, 17C3 Vouz Cat Maisk West Cliff 17C2 West Falkland .11C2 Washburn, Okla, .17B4 West Friesian Ids. 9B2 ...18B1 West Palm Beach. 16D2 10E8 Washington 17B4 West Plains ::..17D4 13B4 West Point, Ala..16A4 (The Astronomical Calculations in the American Almanac are prepared by Berlin H. Wright, M. D., of Penn Yan, N. Y., and Lake Helen, Fla.) The Year. There have been many methods of computing time since man became wise enough to devise a calendar, and each, whether based upon the lunar or the solar system of computation, has aided him in his attempt to keep pace with the passing of the seasons and has enabled him to record those events which he has deemed of sufficient importance to be preserved for posterity. There were the Athenians, for example, who began their year in June; the Macedonians, in September; the Persians, in August, and the ancient Mexicans, in February. In the old Roman, or Julian, Calendar the months corresponded with our own, excepting that the year first began with March and that up to the time of the Emperor Augustus the fifth and sixth months of each year were designated as Quintilis and Sextilis. After that time, however, the names of Julian and Augustus were bestowed upon them, and so they were brought down to modern times. The old Romans had a somewhat peculiar method of reckoning the days. Their three points of computation were: (1) The "Kalends," as the first of each month was called. (2) The "Nones," which oc curred on the seventh day of the months of March, May, July and October, and on the fifth day of each of the other months; and (3) the "Ides," which came exactly eight days after the "Nones." In reckoning the days, therefore, these three fixed dates were taken as a basis, and each day of the week was said to be so many days before the next fixed date. Thus, while the first day of January was known as the "Kalends of January," the 31st of December was "the day before the 'Kalends of January,'" but when the computations were carried further back both the days between and the fixed date itself were reckoned, a method which I made December 30th the "third day before the 'Kalends.' "' The most peculiar calendar of comparatively modern times is that which was instituted as the result of the French Revolution. It was in September, 1793, that the Convention determined to abolish the use of the common era in all civil affairs and to substitute one of their own invention. According to their plan the new era should begin with the day of the last true Autumnal Equinox. September 22, 1792, and each succeeding year should begin at midnight of the day on which this equinox "fell. The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days each, while the months were divided into three decades of ten days each. order to make up the necessary 365 days, however, the five days were added at the end of the month of September: "Primidi." dedicated to Virtue: "Duodi." to Genius: "Tridi," to Labor; "Quartidi," to Opinion, and Quintidi." to Reward. To complete the leap year a sixth day, called "Olympic," and dedicated to the day of the Revolution," was added. In The National Convention also decreed that to each tenth day, thirty-six in all, should be assigned thirtysix "Fetes Decadaires," each of which should be dedicated to the honor of some trait of character or condition of being that in this manner might be made to appeal more strongly to the hearts of the people. Thus, these "Fetes" were dedicated to the Supreme Being and Nature, the Human Race. the French People, the Benefactors of Humanity, the Martyrs for Liberty, Liberty and Equality, the Republic, Liberty of the World. Love of Country. Hatred of Tyrants, Truth, Justice, Modesty, Glory and Immortality, Friendship, Frugality. Courage, Good Faith, Heroism. Disinterestedness, Stoicism, Love, Conjugal Fidelity. Paternal Affection. Maternal Tenderness. Filial Piety, Infancy, Childhood, Manhood, Old Age, Sickness, Agriculture, Industry, Ancestors, Posterity and Goodness. The Gregorian Calendar was restored on January 1, 1806, and the following are the dates for the year 1804, the last complete year of the Revolutionary era: The year 1903, from July 4, is the 128th year of the Independence of the United States, and corresponds to the following: Year 7411-12 of the Byzantine era, year 7411 beginning September 1. Year 2656 since the foundation of Rome, according to Varro. Year 2650 of the era of Nabonassar. Explanatory Note.-The Dominical Letter indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday becurs. D is the fourth letter, and, therefore, the first Sunday will occur on January 4. The Golden Number Is that number in a cycle of nineteen years which shows how many years have passed since new moon fell January 1. This is also called the Metonie Cycle from the astronomer Meton, who first discovered (R. C. 432) that in nineteen years the solar and lunar years come together again nearly and hence the dates of the Olympic games, celebrated every fourth year at full moon next after the Summer Solstice, could be adjusted both to the solstices and moon, and his tables were inscribed in golden figures on a marble pillar: hence our Golden Number. The Golden Number and epact, or moon's age, January 1, are chiefly used in fixing the date of Easter. The Solar Cycle indicates the number of years that have elapsed dire the days of the week fell on the same days of the year a cycle of twenty-eight years, and is used to find the Dominical or Sunday letter. It is the remainder found by adding 9 to the year and dividing by 28. The Roman Indiction is a evele of fifteen years, and is of no utility except to chronologens; it is the remainder found by adding 3 to the year and dividing the sum by 15. The Julian Period is a cycle of 7980 years, and is the product of the three cycles--Golden Number (19): Solar Cycle (28), and Roman Indietion (15), and hence shows the time when they will coinelde or begin at the same time. The Dionysian Period Is a eyele of 532 years, and is called the Great Paschal Cycle, being the product of a complete Solar and Lunar Cycle (28x19). It is the remainder found by adding 457 to the year and dividing by 532, and with the Julian Period, is chiefly used in chronology. The Jewish Lunar Cycle is always three less than the Golden Number and is used by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals. |