stands the Bishop of London, uttering the words above quoted as the slogan for the campaign upon which he has entered for the good of England, and also these further words: "There shall be plain talking,' says the Bishop of London; 'the time has gone by for whispers and paraphrases. Boys and girls must be told what these vital facts of life mean, and they must be given the proper knowledge of their bodies and the proper care of them. No abstractions-the only way now is to be frank, man to man.'”

Every medical journal is hammering away to-day at the Christian physician to do his duty in urging upon parents and Church teachers their obligation to give right knowledge and warning. Dr. J. H. Carstens of Detroit writes: "Illegitimacy can be prevented only by education and the development of selfcontrol in the young. Naturally, it is a slow process so to educate and train the masses that illegitimacy shall cease. The home training, it seems to me, is where the trouble lies at present. The father does not explain to his sons, nor the mother to her daughters, the secrets of reproduction, and the result is they learn it from some ignorant person, and sexual thoughts are given a vicious direction. They hear from others still more and are coaxed and urged to practise the sexual act, and thus easily fall by the wayside. If the mother would explain the physiologic process to her daughter, there would be very little illegitimacy."

Many of the parishes are providing lectures by Christian physicians to boys and girls of the adolescence period, separately, on the physiology and hygiene of life. A special course is furnished for the Sunday School of St. Agnes' Chapel, New York, and it is not infrequent in other parishes. Many parents and teachers ask for books of guidance for themselves. Most of the books advertised for this purpose are more harmful than helpful, but there are a few, which we note below, that will stand the fullest test and do much good. Among them are Ennis Richmond's THROUGH BOYHOOD TO MANHOOD, and the Rev. E. Lyttleton's THE TRAINING OF THE YOUNG IN THE LAWS OF SEX. The Vir Series, known as the Self and Sex Series, are standard books and perfectly safe. There are four series for males and four for females, the former being written by the Rev. Sylvanus Stall, and the latter by Dr. Mary Wood Allen. They are WHAT A YOUNG BOY OUGHT TO KNOW; WHAT A YOUNG

MAN OUGHT TO KNOW; WHAT A YOUNG HUSBAND OUGHT TO KNOW; WHAT A MAN OF FORTY-FIVE OUGHT TO KNOW, and the corresponding series for girls. They can be put into the hands of the purest-minded girls without ever a blush. In fact this entire subject ought to be treated from absolutely common sense standpoints, and not as if it were a forbidden and prudish subject. Certain it is that almost the most dangerous and most active part of our youthful growing nature should not be passed unnoticed by parents and teachers. The harm lies from knowledge gained from unwise companions.

Forbush puts it as follows: "The sexual passion expires after a protracted reign; but it is well known that its peculiar manifestations in a given individual depend almost entirely on the habits he may form during the early period of its activity. Exposure to bad company then makes him a loose liver all his days; chastity kept at first makes the same easy later on."

Sex-Attraction is substituted for Indifference. He should be trained in courteous, well-bred, high-minded, pure, noble respect and worship. "Idealism" is a good term. Polished manners may be a veneer, covering vulgarity and low thought; but high-minded Idealism is inspiring. The Social Nature now turns to close, intimate friendship in the same sex-Chums, we call them.

We pointed out previously that up to the age of eight they are sex-indifferent; that from eight to twelve they are sexrepellant; but from twelve years on they are sex-attracted, the boys casting "sheep's eyes" at the girls, and the girls casting "sheep's eyes" at the boys. Nature intended them to be together; we separate them in school in order to get any study done at all, but there is every reason that the home and the Church should provide for social intercourse, for the building up of manners and etiquette, and for the cultivation of courtesy and chivalry, for the high ideals and noble inspiration that should characterize one's attitude towards the other sex. This politeness should not be veneer, but should go down to the utmost depths of our nature. A gentleman is a gentleman at heart, not merely one trained in outward manners. Teach the young man to place the girl, whom he adores with that youthful but innocuous "puppy-love," upon such a lofty pedestal of ideal

ism that wrong thoughts of her are impossible. Let the young girl dream of her "Prince Charming," but let that Prince Charming be the true prince in heart and life and principles. "Next to God, in the eyes of a young man, is the woman in whom he believes." If parents and teachers in the Church do not teach young women absolutely to respect themselves and hold high ideals, our young men cannot help but be dragged down. The lady who permits her escort at the after-theatre restaurant to puff cigarette smoke across the table, without any doubt lowers the ideal. If the home and the Church are open to our young people of both sexes, in social gatherings, and if the leaders are truly virtuous, dignified, and gentle, right ideals and high motives can be inculcated and "set" into habits. Talking and teaching and reading will never do it alone.

Mrs. Birney say: "There is no neutral ground, no standing still during this period of adolescence; it is growth, expansion, assimilation, mental, moral, and physical. The active mind must be nourished with proper ideals or it will assimilate the ignoble; the body must have abundant exercise or the force which craves expression will turn inward and prey upon itself, while morbid questionings and conditions will arise which will undermine the constitution and eventually lead to disease and premature decay of all the faculties. To be kept healthy and busy amid cheerful surroundings is the best antidote to the abnormal tendencies so prevalent in boys and girls of this age."

The Novel in the Age of Romance. President Butler, in one of his class lectures, dealing with the fondness of the adolescent for the romantic and sentimental, stated that in his opinion it was wise to curb rather than to feed these over-urgent passions at this time, at least before sixteen or seventeen. At this time the child needs the guiding and subduing influence, rather than to have his imagination fed by wild day-dreams and air-castles of romanticism. Day-dreaming and air-castles are needed, as we shall show later, but not along these lines of unreality, and so he urges that the novel be kept from our young people, and that in its place be given books of biography and travel and heroism, all of which are possible of realization. If the novel were true to life, it would perhaps not be so dangerous; but it is not. Every novel ends one way, at least if it is to have a sale

"then they married and were happy ever after." Moreover, the novel of to-day is not what it was a single generation ago. A quotation from the London TELEGRAPH of recent date says: "It is common knowledge with everyone who reads books that during the last generation the English novel has steadily claimed a greater freedom. Subjects are now dealt with at which the midVictorians would have hid their faces. There is a realistic treatment and a frankness of language concerning matters of sex, which the last three-quarters of the nineteenth century would not tolerate. Let it be remembered that we have not advanced. We have gone back.

"It is not a new art, but old, that has no reticence. A realistic picture of physical passion, a frank naturalism in style, belongs as much to the centuries of Defoe and Smollett as to our own. This is not to say it is bad. Thackeray deliberately regretted the eighteenth century freedom. Since the time of Fielding, he complained, no writer had been permitted to the fulness of his power to portray man. We have now come to a time where there are no limitations.

"Those who for their sins have to maintain a careful survey of the constant stream of ephemeral novels are well aware of the growth of a class which, not to mince words, must be called salacious. Each season now sees a number of books for which the most kindly critic in the world can find no raison d'etre but their impropriety. Absurd in plot, wooden in character, and ignorant in style, their sensual descriptions provide them a popularity."

2. MENTAL CHANGES.

Self-Consciousness and Sensitiveness are painfully evident. Personal care of dress and appearance shows itself. Pride assumes a high place. Ideals of dress are lived up to most fastidiously. Miss Uhl tells the story of giving a cheap scarf-pin one Christmas to a youth in her class in St. George's, New York. The next Sunday he came, wearing it in a soiled cravat, but with his hair better brushed and his shoes shined. The succeeding week, the tie containing the pin was spotless; next the clothing was more neat, the hands and nails immaculate. Other improvements in dress and manners followed. Miss Uhl declares,

"It took just one year to live up to the ideal of that Scarf-pin." But it was worth while.

Age of Ideals. Lofty aspirations attract and hold. Desires to do something in sacrifice and devotion-enter the Ministry, Church Work, etc.-appeal strongly. The altruistic feelings of humanity take hold on him. Drs. Starbuck and Coe have made minute searches as to the appearance and power of such altruistic hopes and ideals. The lad is full of day-dreams and plans. We see him follow Ideals as fads and fancies, holding staunchly to each one for a short time, and then dropping it for another.

Day-dreaming may be carried too far, yet we must let the person see the castle ahead, as in Cole's picture of Youth on the Voyage of Life. If we expect achievement, we must remember Joel's ideal of people in the Age of Prosperity when he says, "Your young men shall see visions." "Ideals," says Professor Jones, "are the most wonderful things in the world." They correspond to the apple in front of the horse's nose. Ideals are never realized, for when an ideal is realized, it ceases to be an ideal and becomes a fact. An ideal is the vis-a-fronte—the force from in front. We put it tersely in the earlier part of this book by saying that before the age of eight the child is ruled by the vis-a-tergo, by the force from behind, usually the slipper; that from eight to twelve he was guided by the vis internus, the force from within, his own impulses and desires; that from twelve years on his mainspring was the vis-a-fronte, the ideals and visions ahead. This is what Mrs. Birney urges upon parents in the inculcation of ideals of citizenship, so important to the welfare of our nation: "The same thing applies in the boy's education as a citizen; he should be trained to feel a sense of duty toward the community in which he lives and an active interest in all that concerns its welfare. The boy who can be roused to righteous indignation over defective or insufficient water supply, bad pavements, poorly lighted streets, and other municipal discomforts and menaces to health, will, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, be a public-spirited, useful citizen when he reaches manhood. I know a mother who never fails to call her son's attention to every municipal defect, and who always ends by saying, 'Well, I shall certainly be thankful when you