It will be seen that there was on the whole a considerable decrease during the ten years in the number of criminal offenders in Ireland, while there was a very marked increase in pauperism. 4. Islands in the British Seas. The population of the Islands in the British Seas was found to be as follows, at the census of April 4, 1881 : The following were the numbers of the population of the Islands at each of the four censuses of 1851, 1861, 1871, and 1881: It will be seen that since the census of 1871 there has been a decrease in the total population of the Islands. Emigration from the United Kingdom. There was very little emigration from the United Kingdom previous to 1815, in which year the number of emigrants was no more than 2,081. It rose gradually from 12,510 in 1816, to 34,987 in 1819. In the five years 1820-24 there emigrated 95,030 individuals; in the next five years 1825-29 the number was 121,084; in 1830–34 it rose to 381,956; but sank again to 287,358 in 1835-39. Between 1815 and 1852 the total number of emigrants was 3,463,592; between 1853 and 1860 it was 1,582,475, of whom 1,312,683 were of British origin; between 1861 and 1870 it was 1,967,570, of whom 1,571,829 were of British origin; 1871-80, 2,228,396, of whom 1,678,919 were British; and the total from 1815 to 1884 has been 10,842,149. The total emigration of persons of British origin only between 1853-86 was 6,088,640; of these 4,020,851 went to the United States, and of that number 1,629,251 were English, 295,152 Scotch, and 2,096,448 Irish. Up to the year 1834 the main stream of emigration from the United Kingdom was directed towards the North American Colonies, but a change occurred in 1835, from which year the chief current set in towards the United States, continuing so to the present, but with very great fluctuations. The following table exhibits the number of persons, natives and foreigners, emigrating from the United Kingdom to British North America, the United States, and Australasia, and the total numberthe latter figure including the comparatively small number going to other than these three destinations (20,115 in 1887)—in each of the ten years from 1878 to 1887 :- The table above shows that the number of emigrants, including foreigners, in 1886 was 396,702, as against 330,801 in 1886, being an increase of 65,901. The following shows the number of British emigrants to places out of Europe in 1885 and 1886 : The remainder consisted, in 1887, of 108,444 foreigners, and 6,462 persons not distinguished. For details as to Irish emigration, see pp. 265-66. In the year 1886 there were 108,879 immigrants, British and foreign, which, deducted from the total of 330,801 emigrants, left an excess of 221,922 emigrants. As regards persons of British origin the immigrants in 1886 numbered 80,018, which, deducted from the total of 232,900 British emigrants, left an excess of 152,882 emigrants of British origin. Commerce and Industry. 1. Imports and Exports. The declared value of the imports and exports of merchandise of the United Kingdom was as follows during the ten years from 1878 to 1887:: The following table exhibits the average share, per head of popu lation of the United Kingdom, in the imports, the exports of British produce, and the total, during the ten years 1878 to 1887 : The following table gives the total value of the imports of foreign and colonial merchandise, and of the exports of British produce and manufactures from and to foreign countries and British possessions in the year 1886, in the order of the aggregate value of their commerce with the United Kingdom : |