With reference to the navigation of the Danube, see Austria, p. 30. Diplomatic Representatives. 1. OF RUSSIA IN GREAT BRITAIN. Ambassador.-Privy Councillor de Staal, accredited July 1, 1884. Secretaries.-A. Boulatzell; A, Khroupensky. Naval Attaché. -Vice-Admiral J. Likhatcheff. 2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN RUSSIA. Ambassador.-Sir R. B. D. Morier, K.C.B.; Secretary of Legation at Frankfort, 1865; Chargé d'Affaires, 1866; Chargé d'Affaires at Stuttgart, 1871; Munich, 1872; Envoy and Minister to Portugal, 1876-81; Spain, 1881-4. Appointed Ambassador to Russia, December, 1884. Secretaries.-J. G. Kennedy; C. F. F. Adam; G. E. Welby; E. Thornton; J. B. Whitehead. Military Attaché.-Colonel Chenerix Trench. Consul and Interpreter.-J. Michell. Money, Weights, and Measures of Russia. The money, weights, and measures of Russia, and the British equivalents, are as follows: MONEY. The silver rouble is the legal unit of money in Russia, and must contain as such 17.9961 grammes (86.8 per cent. of its weight) of fine silver. It is equal to 3s. 2.054d. (3 fr. 99.14 centimes). The golden half-imperial weighs 6544041 grammes, and contains 5.998704 grammes of fine gold. In actual circulation there is little else but paper money (100, 25, 10, 5, 3, and 1 rouble, of nominal value), the paper rouble being discounted at 24d. to 26d.-that is, about 10 roubles to the pound sterling. Since 1831, the English foot of 12 inches, each inch of ten parts, has been used as the ordinary standard of length measures. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Russia. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Annuaire des finances russes: budget, crédit, commerce, chemins de fer. Par A. Vessélovsky, secrétaire du comité scientifique du ministère des finances. 8. St. Pétersbourg, 1884. Materials for a Statistic of the Empire of Russia. Published, under the sanction of His Majesty, by the Statistical Department of the Ministry of the Interior (Russian). S. St. Petersburg, 1863-83. Recueil de Données statistiques sur les Chemins de Fer en Russie. 8. St... Pétersbourg, 1883. Statistique du commerce extérieur des années 1881-82. St. Petersburg, 1884. Tableau du commerce extérieur de la Russie de 1861 à 1878. Publié par la commission Impériale Russe de l'exposition universelle de Vienne. 8. St. Pétersbourg, 1881. Sketch of the Exterior Trade (Obzor onyeshny Jorgobli) for 1882, published in 1883 by the Ministry of Finances. Statistical Reports of the Ministry of Ways and Communications (Railways, Interior Navigation in 1880). St. Petersburg, 1883. Reports of the Medical Department for 1881. St. Petersburg, 1884. Statistical Information published by the Minister of Justice, St. Peters-burg, 1884. Report of the Prison Administration. St. Petersburg, 1884. Report of the Finances of the Zemstvos for 1871-80. St. Petersburg, 1884. Census of Horses in 1882. Published by the Administration of Horsebreeding. St. Petersburg, 1884. Report of the Ministry of Domains on the Administration of Forests. St. Petersburg, 1884. Memoirs and Bulletins of the Russian Geographical Society and its branches in Caucasus and Siberia. Report by Mr. Herbert on Russian mechanical industries, in 'Reports from H.M.'s Diplomatic and Consular Officers Abroad.' Folio. 1882. Report by Mr. Herbert on Russian mineral industries, and by Mr. J. G. Kennedy on the Russian budget for 1881 and estimates for 1883, in 'Reports of H.M.'s Secretaries of Embassy.' Part II. 1883. London, 1883. ་ Report by Mr. Kennedy on the Finances of Russia in Reports of H.M.'s Secretaries of Embassy,' Part II. 1884. Report on the Trade and Commerce of Riga in Part I.; Berdiansk in Part III.; Batoum, Nicolaieff, Sevastopol, Taganrog. in Part IV.; Kertch in Part IV.; Riga in Part VII.; Odessa in Part VIII., of 'Reports of H.M.'s Cónsuls,' 1884. Report by Consul-General Stanley on the industrial classes of Southern Russia, in Part II., and on Workmen's Associations in Russia, in Part III.; by Mr. J. G. Kennedy respecting Trans-Caucasian transit trade, in Part III.; by Sir. E. Thornton on British and Russian trade in Bokhara, and on the Caucasian transit trade, in Part V. of Reports from H.M.'s Diplomatic and Consular Agents Abroad on Subjects of Commercial and General Interest." London, 1883. Hertslet (Sir Edward), Foreign Office Test. Published annually. London, 1884. Trade of Russia with the United Kingdom; in 'Annual Statement of the trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions for the year 1883.' Imp. 4. London, 1884. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Bär (K. E. von), and Helmersen (Gr. von), Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reichs. 25 vols. 8. St. Petersburg, 1852-72. Bernhardi (T. von), Geschichte Russland's. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1874. Brasche (Otto), Beitrag zur Methode der Sterblichkeitsberechnung und zur Mortalitätsstatistik Russlands. 8. Würzburg, 1870. Bryce (James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. 8. London, 1877. Erman (Georg Adolf), Archiv für die wissenschaftliche Kunde Russlands. 25 vols. 8. Berlin, 1841-68. Flerofski (N.), The Condition of the Labouring Classes in Russia. (Russian.) 8. St. Petersburg, 1869. Gallenga (A.), A Summer in Russia. London, 1882. Hippeau (C.), L'instruction publique en Russie. 12. Paris, 1878. Ignatius (K. E. T.) Statistisk Handbok för Finland. 8. Helsingfors, 1881 Jourdier (L.), Des forces productives, destructives, et improductives de la Russie. 8. 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1861. Lansdell (H.), Through Siberia. London, 1882. Leroy-Beaulieu (Anatole), L'Empire des Tsars et les Russes. 2 vols. Paris, 1882. Marvin (Charles), Baku, the Petrolia of Europe. London, 1883. Molinari (Gustave de), Lettres sur la Russie. New ed. 18. Paris, 1878. Nordsenkjöld (Baron), The Voyage of the 'Vega' round Asia and Europe. 2 vols. London, 1882. Notes on the Caucasus, by Wanderer.' London, 1883. Orlov (R. A.), Index of Manufactures in Russia and Finland (Russian). St. Petersburg, 1881. Pauly (J. N.), Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie. 8. St. Pétersbourg, 1862. Porochine (Vict. de), Les Ressources Matérielles de la Russie. 8. Paris, 1865. Raffalovich (Arthur), Les Finances de la Russie depuis la dernière Guerre d'Orient 1876-83. Paris, 1883. Rambaud (Alfred), The History of Russia from its origin to the year 1877. 2 vols. 8. London, 1879. Ravenstein (E. G.), The Russians on the Amur; its Discovery, Conquest, and Colonisation. 8. London, 1861. Réclus (Elisée), Geographie Universelle. Tome V. L'Europe Scandinave et Russe. VI. L'Asie Russe. Paris, 1880-81. And Appendix to the Russian translation, by MM. Bektoff, Bogdanoff, Woeikoff, and others. St. Petersburg, 1884. Reed (Sir E. J.) Letters from Russia in 1875. 8. London, 1876. Röttger (Carl), Russische Revue. Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands. 8. St. Petersburg, 1872-84. Roth (H. L.), A Sketch of the Agriculture and Peasantry of Eastern Russia. 8. London, 1868. Sarauw (Christian von) Die Russische Heeresmacht auf Grund offizieller Quellen und eigener Anschauung. 8. Leipzig, 1875. Sarauw (Chrn. von), Russland's Kommerzielle Mission in Mittelasien. 8. Leipzig, 1871. Schuyler (Eugene), Turkestan. Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkestan, Khokand, Bukhara, and Kuldja. 2 vols. 8. London. 1876. Schnitzler (Jean Henri), Les Institutions de la Russie, depuis les réformes de l'Empereur Alexandre II. 2 vols. 8. Paris, 1867. Seebohm (H.), Siberia-in-Asia. London, 1882. Semenow (N.), Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire (Russian). 6 vols. 8. St. Petersburg, 1863-84. Statistische Mittheilungen aus Russland (Reprinted from the St. Petersburger Kalender'). 8. St. Petersburg, 1877. Stchapof (A.), The Intellectual Development of the Russian People. (Russian). 8. St. Petersburg, 1870. Strelbitzky (M.), Superficies de l'Europe. St. Petersburg, 1882. Yanson, Comparative Statistics, vol. 2. St. Petersburg, 1880. Researches into the Allotments of Peasants. St. Petersburg. 1882. SERVIA. (KNJAŽESTVO SRBIJA.) Reigning Sovereign and Family. Milan I., King of Servia, born August 10-22, 1854, the son of Milos Obrenovič, grandson of Jefrem, half-brother of Prince Milos. Succeeded to the throne, as Prince Milan Obrenovič IV., by the election of the Servian national assembly, after the assassination of his uncle, Prince Michail Obrenovič III., June 10, 1868. Crowned Prince at Belgrade, and assumed the government, August 22, 1872; proclaimed King, March 6, 1882; married October 17, 1875, to Natalie, born 1859, daughter of Colonel Keschko, of the Russian Imperial Guard. Offspring of the union is a son, Alexander,. born August 14, 1876. The present ruler of Servia is the fourth of his dynasty, which was founded by Milos Todorovič Obrenovič, leader of the Servians in the war of insurrection to throw off the yoke of Turkey. The war lasted from 1815 to 1829, when the Turkish Government was compelled to grant virtual independence to Servia. By the terms of the treaty, signed September 14, 1829, Milos T. Öbrenovič was acknowledged Prince of Servia, and by a subsequent. Firman of the Sultan, dated August 15, 1830, the dignity was made hereditary in his family. In consequence of a revolt of the troops, Milos was forced, June 12, 1839, to abdicate in favour of his eldest son, Prince Milan Obrenovič II. The latter died July 8, 1839, whereupon his brother, Michail, was proclaimed prince. Another revolt drove Michail from the country, in 1842, and his family remained banished till 1858, when Milos T. Obrenovič was recalled' to the throne. He died Sept. 26, 1860, and was succeeded by his son, Michail, former Prince of Servia, who was assassinated June 10, 1868, and replaced by the present ruler. The independence of Servia from Turkey was established by article 34 of the Treaty of Berlin, signed July 13, 1878, and was solemnly proclaimed by Prince (now King) Milan at his capital, August 22, 1878. Constitution and Government. By the constitution of Servia, proclaimed by the Great National Assembly, June 29, 1869, the executive power is vested in the prince, assisted by a council of eight ministers, who are, individually and collectively, responsible to the nation. The legislative authority is exercised by the King, in conjunction with the National Assembly, or 'Narodna-Skupština.' The Savjet,' or Senate, is a body with functions intermediate between the King's ministerial council and 6 |