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Religions of the World.

The latest edition of Mulhall (1898) gives the following as the best available statistics regarding the religious populations of the various countries of the world:

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West Indies.

Total for the World, United States omitted

*Includes 440,000,000 Pagans.

845,000 2,800,000) 2,480,000 1,030,000 6,600,000 3,100,000) 194,016,000 88,166,600||

670,000 194,000,000 *644,370,000 [6,655,400 200,000,000 1,009,868,000

Religious Denominations in the United States.

JANUARY 1, 1902.

The following statistical tables, showing the number of ministers, churches and communicants in the United States at the close of the year 1901, were compiled by the Christian Advocate, through whose courtesy they are reprinted:

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988

21

3

6

248

8,500

425

6

1,500

4. Church of God.

19

29

647

Total Catholics

5. Life and Advent Union.

60

28

3,800 Catholic Apostolic.

12,204 12,405 9,239,166 95

10

1.491

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Chinese Temples.

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Min.

Chs. Com'ants.

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RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.-Continued.

Denominations.

Friends:

1. Orthodox

2. "Hicksite"

3. "Wilburite"

German Evangel. Protestant

Denominations. Methodists.-Continued. 3. African Meth. Epis... 4. African Union M. Pro.. 5. African M. Epis. Zion.. 6. Methodist Protestant... 7. Wesleyan Methodist 8. Methodist Epis. (South)* 340 9. Congregational Meth.... 36,500 10. Congregational M. (Col.) 203,281 11. New Congregational M... 12. Zion Union Apostolic... 62,000 13. Colored Meth. Epis.. 81,000 14. Primitive

118,237

Min. Chs.

Com'ants.

91,545 21,992

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4,468 232

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537,337

2,401

184,097

699

506

16,496

6,166 14,479 1,477,180

345

350

21,000

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319 4,000

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2,346 204,972

68

100

6.834

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1,034

27,487

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143,000 16. Independent Methodist.. 17. Evangelist Missionary.

8

15

2,569

48

13

2,010

1. Utah branch

700

796

300,000

2. Reorganized branch.

2,200

600

43,824

Total Methodists

38,935 56,101 5,966,500

Moravians

117

111

15,225

Total Mormons

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343,824 Presbyterians:

Lutheran (General Bodies):

1. Northern

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1. General Synod..

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2. Cumberland

1,580 2,963

182,449

2. United Synod (South).

208

384

3. General Council.

1,245

1,969

3. Cumberland (Colored). 37,318 346,563 4. Welsh Calvanistic.

450

400

39,000

88

162

11,683

4. Synodical Conference.

2,185

2,735

566,375

5. United

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116,302

5. United Norwegian.

(Independent Synods):

6. Ohio

7. Buffalo

8. Hauge's

9. Eielsen's

10. Texas

356

1,168

134,311

6. Southern

1,485

2,991

227,991

7. Associate

12

31

1,053

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11. Iowa..

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95.801

87,514 5,230 18,55€ 10. Reformed (Gen. Synod). 3,000 11. Reformed (Covenanted). 1,987 12. Reformed in the U. S. and Canada

8. Associate Ref. (South). 9. Reformed (Synod)

104

131

11,344

125

112

9,733

32

37

5,000

1

1

37

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12. Norwegian

311

841

74,072

13. Michigan, etc.

30

50

5,375

Total Presbyterians... 12,049 15,244 1,605,015

14. Danish in America.

48

122

14,200 Protestant Episcopal:

15. Icelandic

8

32

3,692

16. Augsburg

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4,089

1. Protestant Episcopal.... 2. Reformed Episcopal.

4,927

6,639

100

78

741,697 9.282

17. Jehovah

18. Immanuel

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19. Suomai (Finnish)

11

53

Total Protest. Epis... 15,614 Reformed:

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2. Norwegian Free..

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38,074

1. Reformed (Dutch)..

21. Danish United.

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22. Independ. Congregations

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9,281 2. Reformed (German) 25,000 3. Christian Reformed..

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Total Lutheran..

6,990 11,491 1,696,268

Total Reformed.

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Mennonites:

Salvation Army

2,510

615

22,534

1. Mennonite

2. Bruederhoef

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22,443 Schwenkfeldians

3

4

306

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352 Social Brethren

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913

3. Amish

265

124

4. Old Amish

75

25

13,051 Society for Ethical Culture.. 2,438 Spiritualists

5

1,300

334

45,030

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5. Apostolic

2

2

209 Swedish

Evangelical

Mis

6. Reformed

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1,680

sion Covenant...

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7. General Conference

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S. Church of God in Christ

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471

9. Old (Wisler)..

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610

10,395 Theosophical Society.

1. United Brethren

122

3,000

United Brethren:

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10. Bunder Conference.

41

16

2.950

2. United

Brethren..

600

840

27,000

11. Defenseless

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1.176

12. Brethren in Christ.

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2,953

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544

453

71,000

Total Mennonites.

1,112 673

58,728 Universalists

746

772

52,873

Methodists:

1. Methodist Episcopal. 2. Union American M. E.

Independent Congregations...

541

156

14,126

16,771 26,424 2,762,691
175 200 16,200

Grand Total for U. S. 146,401/194,107 28,090,637

*Estimates; return for 1901 not

†No returns for 1901. ready. ORDER OF DENOMINATIONS.

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| Rank 1902. | Communic'ts.

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6,231.417

2,240,354

4

1,280,066

1,348,989

1,477,180

1,209,976

1,179,541

641,051

1,005,613

800,450

999.815

788,224

Protestant Episcopal

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9

532,054

African Methodist Episcopal.

10

698,354

11

452,725

Congregational

11

634,835

10

512.771

Lutheran Synodical Conference.

12

566,375

12

357,153

African Methodist Episcopal Zion.

13

537,337

13

349,788

Lutheran General Council

14

346,563

14

324,846

Latter-Day Saints

15

300,000

21

144,352

Reformed (German)

16

United Brethren

Presbyterian (South)

Colored Methodist Episcopal

Lutheran General Synod

German Evangelical Synod

Methodist Protestant

Cumberland Presbyterian

United Norwegian Lutheran Primitive Baptist

United Presbyterian

Reformed (Dutch)

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248.929

15

204,018

240,007

16

202,474

227,991

18

179,721

204,972

23

129,383

204,098

17

187,432

203,281

20

164,640

184.097

22

141,989

182,449

19

164,940

134,311

25

119,972

126,000

24

121,347

116,302

26

94,402

108,703

27

92,970

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These statistics do not include Roman Catholic. Hebrew, nor non-Evangelical Church schools (except in Maryland). There are about 750,000 scholars in Roman Catholic Sunday-Schools, and about 225,000 in others not counted. This would leave from 7,000,000 to 9,000,000 youths, between four and sixteen years, in the United States, not in Sunday-Schools of any denomination.

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According to publishers whose houses make a specialty of issuing Bibles, the circulation of this book is steadily increasing, and more coples are being sold each year than during the year preceding. The American Bible Society alone issued more than 1,500,000 Bibles last year, while the British and Foreign Bible Society turned out more than 5,000,000 copies. A little more than one-half of the Bibles published in this country are sold within the United States, most of the cheaper kind for use in mission schools. The American Bible Society has succeeded in publishing an entire Bible to be sold as low as 15 cents, and a New Testament for 5 cents. In England a Bible may be bought for sixpence and a New Testament for one penny. The American Society sells at cost, and the British Society at below cost. Since the American occupation of the Philippines the Bible has reached a circulation of nearly 80,000 copies, where scarcely one copy was used before. The British and Foreign Bible Society prints the Bible in 400 languages and dialects, but about 30 per cent of the issue is in English. The Oxford University Press is noted for publishing the most popular and the finest edition of the Bible-the Bagster. The output of Oxford Bibles is rated at 20,000 copies a week, and although a premium of one guinea is offered to any person who can point out a printer's error in any edition, the bill for printer's errors has never averaged more than five guineas a year. In the public libraries in New York the call for Bibles is mostly for old texts, though at the time of Jewish holidays Hebrew Bibles are in great demand.

List of Roman Catholic Popes.

(According to Gerarchia Cattolica.)

1. ST. PETER, of Bethsaida in Galilee, resided first at Antioch, then at Rome, where he was martyred June 29, in the year 67, having governed the Church from that city for 25 years, 2 months and 7 days.

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How the Pope Ts Elected.

On the eleventh day following the death of the Pope the Cardinals hold religious services in the Church of St. Peter at Rome and then adjourn to the Vatican, where they meet in conclave to elect the late Pope's successor. The Cardinal-Dean opens the proceedings by administering the oath of secrecy concerning their proceedings, and then the Cardinals are permitted to receive their friends until evening, when they are shut up in their cells. These cells are carefully guarded and no person is allowed near them, except they be on business connected directly with the conclave, in order that no intruder may communicate with the occupants or obtain information which might be of value to the outside world or to persons interested in swaying the action of the Cardinals.

The Cardinals, however, are not permitted to suffer for lack of comforts while in their cells. They are allowed two servants each to attend to all their wants, and are served with such food as they desire. Their meals are passed into the place in hampers, but even these are searched at the entrance to make sure that nothing of coatraband character is smuggled in. Besides the servants, four barbers, two sacristans, two masters of ceremonies, a carpenter, a mason and several other persons are permitted to remain in the household.

In the morning the Cardinal-Dean sings the mass of the Holy Ghost, at which all the Cardinals receive communion, after which the voting begins. Each Cardinal approaches the altar, and after taking an oath prescribed for the ceremony, places his ballot in a receptacle prepared for it. Three Cardinals who act as tellers count the ballots when all have been deposited. A two-thirds vote is necessary to elect the Pope, and, if a choice is not made on the first ballot, the Cardinals continue to vote until a candidate receives the requisite number, but only one ballot is taken in one day. Upon the announcement that no candidate has been elected, the Cardinals return to their cells until the following morning, when another ballot is taken. Thus the election may be prolonged many days, or it may be decided in a single sitting.

When it is found that an election has been obtained the Cardinal-Deacon announces the name of the successful candidate; the Junior Cardinal-Deacon rings a bell, and the master of ceremonies enters the chapel with the secretary. The Cardinal-Dean and two Cardinals approach the successful one and ask him if he accepts the great office, and upon his signifying that he does accept it, all canopies except that over his seat are removed. The new Pope then announces to the Cardinal-Dean the name which he has selected and he is then led behind the altar, where he dons the pontifical robes in preparation for his reception of the Cardinals. The ring of the Fisherman is then placed upon his finger, after which the Senior Cardinal-Deacon, followed by musicians and singers, proceeds to the balcony and makes official announcement of the election of the new Pope as well as the name by which he will be known. This terminates the electoral proceedings.

The H B & of Electricity.

Electricity. The name given to the unknown cause of electric phenomena.

Ampere.-(1) The practical unit of electric current. (2) A rate of flow of electricity transmitting one coulomb per second. (3) The current of electricity which would pass through a circuit whose resistance is one ohm, under an electro-motive force of one volt.

Volt. (1) The practical unit of electro-motive force. (2) Such an electro-motive force as is induced in a conductor which cuts lines of magnetic flux at the rate of 100,000,000 per second. (3) Such an electromotive force as would cause a current of one ampere to flow against a resistance of one ohm.

Ohm.-(1) The practical unit of electric resistance. (2) Such a resistance as would limit the flow of electricity under an electro-motive force of one volt to a current of one ampere, or one coulomb per second. Ohm's Law. The strength of a continuous electric current in any circuit is directly proportional to the electro-motive force acting on that circuit, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. Watt. (1) A unit of electric power. (2) A volt ampere. (3) The power developed when 44.25 foot pounds of work are done in a minute, or, 0.7375 foot pounds of work is done in a second. Dynamo.-A dynamo-electric machine or generator.

Motor Electric.-A device for transforming electric power into mechanical power.
Magneto. (1) A magneto generator. (2) A small magneto-electric dynamo machine.

Galvanometer.-An apparatus for measuring the strength of an electric current by the deflection of a magnetic needle.

Transformer.-An induction coil employed either for raising or for lowering electric pressure.

Regulating Box.-A rheostat inserted in the field circuit of a generator or motor for regulating the current passing through the field magnetic coils.

Safety Fuse. A wire, bar, plate, or strip of readily fusible metal, capable of conducting without fusing the current ordinarily employed on the circuit, but which fuses and thus automatically breaks the circuit on the passage of an abnormally strong current.

Short Circuit. (1) A shunt or by-path of negligible or comparatively small resistance placed around any part of an electric circuit through which so much of the current passes as to virtually cut out the parts of the circuit to which it acts as a shunt. (2) An accidental direct connection between the mains or main terminals of a dynamo or system producing a heavy overload of current.

Phase. The fractional part of a period which has elapsed since a vibrating body last passed through the extreme point of its path in the positive direction.

Direct Current.-A current whose direction is constant, as distinguished from an alternating current. Alternating Currents.-(1) Currents which flow alternately in opposite directions. (2) Currents whose directions are periodically reversed.

Multiple Circuit.-A circuit in which a number of separate sources or separate devices, or both, have all their positive poles connected to a single positive lead or conductor, and all their negative poles connected to a single negative lead or conductor.

Series Circuit.-A circuit in which the separate sources or separate electro-receptive devices, or both, are so placed that the circuit produced in it or passed through it passes successively through the entire circuit from the first to the last.

School Savings Banks in the United States.

The system of school savings banks was inaugurated in this country in March, 1885, with the sole aim of imparting to school children the business characteristic of thrift, without atttempting to teach them a business form. J. H. Thiry, of Long Island City, was the first to systematize the idea and make it practical for use in the public schools, and he has been the general director of the system ever since. There is no association among the schools, but entirely independent methods are used in the different places where the idea has been adopted.

The system suggested by Mr. Thiry, and generally used, with local modifications, is very simple. School boards do not require authorization of the State or nation to enable them to introduce the banking system into their schools. The first thing to be done on the part of the one introducing the system, after receiving permission from the School Board, is to secure the co-operation of a savings bank near the school, to receive the weekly deposits and arrange matters pertaining to them.

In most of the schools where the system has been adopted it is made a part of the regular programme. Deposits are received on Mondays at the beginning of the morning session, the pupils making their deposits as they answer to roll call. The teacher checks the amount of each deposit and credits it on a card held by the pupil.

It is calculated that more than $2,000,000 have been saved by American school children since the introduction of the system in 1885. On January 1, 1902, there were 1,479 schools in the United States where the system had been adopted, and of the 370,457 pupils enrolled, 166,578 were the depositors of $1,309,611, of which $869,878.48 had been withdrawn, leaving a balance of $439,732.52 due to depositors on the 1st of January.

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