GENERAL SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. The General Society of Colonial Wars, instituted in 1892, is a historical and patriotic association designed to commemorate the early struggles out of which the American nation grew. It aims to collect and preserve manuscripts, rolls and records relative to the events and the men assisting in the establishment, defence and preservation of the American Colonies; to provide suitable commemorations or memorials relating to the Colonial period of the country's history, and to inspire in its members the patriotic spirit of their forefathers. Those who may become members are adult male descendants of men who fought in battle under Colonial authority, from the settlement of Jamestown, Va., in 1607, to the battle of Lexington, in 1775, or who served as Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, member of the Council, or as a military, naval or marine officer in the service of the Colonies, or under the British flag, or was conspicuous in military, official or legislative affairs during the Colonial period. There are State societies in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont, and one also in the District of Columbia. The total membership is about 3,000. The fourth triennial assembly will be held at Detroit, Mich., in 1905. Governor-general, Frederic J. De Peyster; vice-governor-general, Howland Pell; secretary-general, Samuel V. Hoffman; deputy secretary-general; William Bleecker Seaman; treasurer-general, Edward Shippen; deputy treasurer-general, Seymour Morris; registrar-general, George Norbury Mackenzie; historian-general, Rev. Charles E. Stevens; chaplain-general, Right Rev. William Lawrence; surgeon-general, V. Mott Francis, M. D.; chancellor-general, Professor Theodore S. Woolsey. Deputy Governors-General for the State societies: California, Spencer R. Thorpe; Connecticut, Charles E. Gross; Delaware, Hon. George Gray; District of Columbia, William Thompson; Iowa, Samuel F. Smith; Maine, Colonel John M. Glidden; Maryland, General Joseph L. Brent; Massachusetts, Arthur J. C. Sowdon; Michigan, Samuel T. Douglas; New Hampshire, Professor Charles L. Parsons; New Jersey, General E. Burd Grubb; New York, Walter L. Suydam; Ohio, Achilles C. Pugh; Pennsylvania, Richard M. Cadwalader; Rhode Island, Hunter C. White; Vermont, Robert Noble. AZTEC CLUB OF 1847. The Aztec Club of 1847 is a historic association which grew out of the war between the United States and Mexico. Following the capture of the Mexican capital a meeting of officers in the American army of occupation was held on October 13, 1847, with a view to forming a club for the entertainment of its members and their guests while in the city. As no satisfactory plan could be devised for continuing the existence of the club after returning to the United States, it was resolved at a subsequent meeting to continue its organization, as then constituted, for a period of five years. from September 14, 1847. When the army withdrew from Mexico the club had 160 active and two honorary members, General Winfield Scott being one of the latter. New officers were elected in 1852, but the club held no regular meeting until September, 1867, when there was another election of officers, and steps were taken which resulted in a decision to continue the Aztec Club of 1847 in perpetuity, to preserve for all time some lasting memorial to serve as an additional bond of friendship and brotherhood among its members." As the club is now constituted, those who are eligible to membership are commissioned officers of the army, navy or marine corps who served in Mexico, or the eldest son or nearest blood relative of any such officer. The club was incorporated December 29, 1892, and holds its meetings annually. On July 31, 1902, there had been 309 members enrolled, of whom 216 were still living. The officers are as follows: President, General W. H. H. Davis, Doylestown, Pa.; vice-president, Dr. John W. Brannan, 11 West Twelfth street, New York City; treasurer, William Turnbull, 24 and 26 Thomas street, New York City; secretary, Macrae Sykes, Kingsbridge, New York City. SOCIETY OF TAMMANY, OR COLUMBIAN ORDER. The name "Tammany" is now so generally associated with the organization that plays such an important part in New York's political life that it is often forgotten that, while these Democratic leaders are merely occupants of the Wigwam, the real Society of Tammany is the Columbian Order, a secret society which exerts considerable influence outside of that which is due to its affiliations with politicians or political affairs. The Columbian Order was organized in 1789, its institution being the result of a popular movement against the so-called "aristocratic" Society of the Cincinnati. William Mooney, its founder and first Grand Sachem, was an upholsterer, an American of Irish parentage, and a strong anti-Federalist in politics. As it was the belief of the time that the new Society of the Cincinnati was nothing more than an attempt to establish an American aristocracy, Mooney found it an easy matter to secure the co-operation of many others who, like himself, believed that the Democratic principles of the nation were threatened. At the first meeting on May 12, 1789, therefore, many of the most prominent anti-Federalists in New York were present, and from that day the society has exerted more or less power in the affairs of the city. The members, who are known as Sons of Liberty, have met frequently as a secret organization, and once a year, on Independence Day, they have held a patriotic meeting to which the public has been invited. The name Tammany was selected in honor of that wise and friendly Chief of the Delaware tribe of Indians who was canonized by the soldiers during the Revolution as being worthy of the name of America's patron saint, and the officials of the society were a Grand Sachem, who represented the President, and thirteen subordinate Sachems, who typified the Governors of the thirteen original States. From its institution the society has been a charitable and social organization, and its chief connection with the political association which now bears its name is due to the fact that most of those who are high in that body are also members of the Columbian Order and that the political organization could not remain as the occupant of Tammany Hall without the consent of the society. The officers of the order are as follows: Grand Sachem, James A. O'Gorman; Sachems, Patrick Keenan, John F. Carroll, Daniel F. McMahon, John W. Keller, John J. Scannell, Charles F. Murphy, Randolph Guggenheimer. Maurice Featherston, Asa Bird Gardiner, George W. Plunk itt, George C. Clausen, John Fox and Thomas J. Dunn; Secretary, Thomas F. Smith; Treasurer, Peter F. Meyer; Sagamore, Bryan P. Henry; Wiskinkie, John A. Boyle. Since the organization of the Columbian Order many men of high standing in the community have held the office of Grand Sachem, as may be seen from the following list of those who have occupied that position: William Mooney. William Pitt Smith. Josiah Ogden Hoffman. John R. B. Rogers.. Peter R. Livingston. .1789 to 1790] William J. Waldron. .1835 to 1837 .1837 to 1840 .1840 to 1844 .1844 to 1845 .1845 to 1850 1850 to 1856 .1856 to 1861 1861 to 1863 .1863 to 1864 .1864 to 1866 .1866 to 1868 .1868 to 1870 .1870 to 1876 .1876 to 1882 .1882 to 1885 .1885 to 1890 ..1890 to 1892 .1892 to 1895 1895 to 1897 .1897 to 1902 .1902 GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. The Grand Army of the Republic is a secret order, patriotic in character, composed entirely of men who served in the army and navy of the United States during the civil war of 1861-1865. Only such as were honorably discharged are eligible. In its organization it is composed of "Posts" or local organizations; "Departments," which are the State bodies, some of them including two States or Territories; and the "National Encampment," which is the supreme body. The first Post was organized at Decatur, Ill., on April 6, 1866, and the first National Encampment was held at Indianapolis. Ind., on November 20, 1866. The thirty-sixth meeting of this body was held in Washington, D. C., October 9 and 10, 1902. The reports then presented gave a total membership of 265,212, enrolled in 6,710 posts. Officers were elected and appointed as follows: Commander-in-Chief, General Thomas G. Stewart, Pennsylvania; Senior ViceCommander-in-Chief, William M. Olin, Massachusetts; Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, James M. Averill, Georgia; Surgeon-General, A. W. Atchison, Texas; Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. D. B. Shuey, Kansas; AdjutantGeneral, Silas H. Towler, Minneapolis, Minn. There is also a National Council of Administration composed of one member from each of the forty-five Departments. The following table gives the number of Posts and the membership embraced in each Department, together with the names and residences of Department commanders and assistant adjutant-generals: 139 209 471 Departments. 1 Alabama Posts Mem- 2 Arizona 9 3 Arkansas 29 4 California and Nevada. 98 41 66 22 21 5 Colorado and Wyoming. 6 Connecticut 7 Delaware 8 Florida 9 Georgia 10 Idaho 11 Illinois 12 Indiana 13 Indian Territory ................... . . . . . . . . Department Commanders. E. D. Bacon, Birmingham.. 14 Iowa 15 Kansas 16 Kentucky 119 17 Louisiana and Mississippi. 18 Maine 158 19 Maryland 56 20 Massachusetts 211 21 Michigan 22 Minnesota 23 Missouri 24 Montana 25 Nebraska 26 New Hampshire 27 New Jersey 28 New Mexico 29 New York 30 North Dakota. 31 Ohio 32 Oklahoma 33 Oregon 36 Rhode Island. 17 1,094 Chas. W. Keeting, New Orleans, La 307 4,094 1,852 M. L. Pratt, Portland. 28,572 R. P. Scott, Butler.. 2,362 Benj. F. Bingham, Wash'ton, D. C 26 1,733 George H. Chenery, Providence. 90 1,901 T E. Blanchard, Pierre. 34 Pennsylvania 35 Potomac 37 South Dakota 38 Tennessee 67 1,502 George W. Patten, St. Elmo. Assistant Adjutant-Generals. R B. Baquie, New Orleans, La. J. E. Mayo, Portland. Chas, A. Snydam, Philadelphia. Walter W. French, Chattanooga, E A. Howe, Ludlow. A. A. Hager, Nat. Sol. Home, Vt. With a view to perpetuate the memory of the services and sacrifices of Union soldiers in the War of 1861-1865, the organization known as Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., was brought into existence in 1879. Camp No. 1 was organized in Philadelphia on September 29, in that year. The order extended rapidly all over the country, consisting at the present time of twenty-seven divisions, each representing the State or States where its headquarters are located. About 2,000 Camps are included in the several divisions, each having its own officers, the chief being styled Captain. The chief officer of a division bears the title of Commander. The national organization of the order is headed by a Commander-in-Chief, and the headquarters of the Commandery-in-Chief, as the supreme body is designated, are at Washington, D. C. The membership of the order numbers about 100.000. Those eligible to membership are all male descendants, not less than eighteen years old, of soldiers, sailors or marines who served with the Union forces in the Civil War, dying in or receiving honorable discharge from the service, or whose ancestors are or were eligible for admission to the Grand Army of the Republic. No person, however, who has ever borne arms against the United States Government, or whose father as so done, is eligible. The objects of the order are to extend aid and protection to the widows and orphans of Union soldiers, sailors and marines, and to honor the memory of the heroic dead through historical exercises and the proper observance of Memorial Day and Union Defenders' Day. The order also aids and assists its own worthy and needy members. Commander-in-Chief, E. R. Campbell, Washington, D. C.; senior vice-commander-in-chief. S. S. Horn, Easton, Pa.: junior vice-commander-in-chief, Herbert S. Thompson, Providence, R.. I. adjutant-general, Charles S. Davis, Washington, D. C.; assistant adjutant-general, Clay G. Collette, Washington, D. C.; quartermaster-general, Fred E. Bolton, Boston, Mass.; assistant quartermaster-general, Thomas J. Hannon, Boston, Mass.; judge advocate general, Raphael Tobias, New York City; chaplain-in-chief, Rev. Howard Wilbur Ennis, Brooklyn, N. Y.; council-in-chief, E. F. Buck, Peoria, Ill.; C. J. Post, Grand Rapids, Mich.; James B. Adams, Atlantic City, N. J. Division Commanders-Alabama and Tennessee, J. F. Ehrhart, Birmingham; California, Frank R. Handley, San Francisco; Colorado, Lathrop M. Taylor, Fort Collins; Connecticut, Frank R. Upson, Southington; Illinois, James E. Seabert, Dwight; Indiana. George F. Ogden, Laketon; Iowa, W. T. Mollison. Ottumwa; Kansas, W. P. Wilcox, Topeka; Kentucky, William H. Kennedy, Newport: Maine, J. Warren Phinney, Cumberland Mills: Maryland, F. T. F. Johnson, Washington. D. C.; Massachusetts, D. Murray Travis, South Framingham; Michigan, Carl A. Wagner, Port Huron; Minnesota, C. E. Casler, St. Paul: Missouri, S. Ed. Blamer, Cape Girardeau; Nebraska, I. E. Young, Lushton; New Hampshire. L. B. Emery, Troy: New Jersey, Frank M. Cunningham, Atlantic City: New York, Isaac H. Smith, Peekskill: Pennsylvania, William P. Baker. Philadelphia; Rhode Island, Charles A. Hammond, Providence; South Dakota. William F. Allison, Brookings: Vermont, Fred J. Spear, Manchester Depot; Washington, Albert T. Bedell, Walla Walla; West Virginia, George M. White, Wellsburg; Wisconsin, Gustav A. Geisler. AMERICAN SCENIC AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION SOCIETY. A national organization of men and women, animated by a love of the beautiful in art and nature, added to which is public spirit and pride in the achievements which have made American history, was incorporated by the Legislature of the State of New York, in 1895, as the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Its aims are to protect beautiful features of the natural landscape from disfigurement; to preserve from destruction remarkable geological formations and organic growths possessing an artistic or scientific value; to save from obliteration names, places and objects identified with local, State and national history; to promote the beautification of cities and villages by landscape adornment of open spaces, the creation of new parks, the erection of historical memorials, the bestowal of significant and appropriate names upon new thoroughfares, bridges, parks, reservoirs and buildings; and by free lectures, literature correspondence, etc., to awaken and cultivate popular sentiment in these directions. In pursuance of its objects it is empowered to receive by purchase, gift, or otherwise, and to hold in fee, or trust, real or personal property necessary thereto; and it is required to make to the Legislature an annual report of its affairs. The society has three classes of members-annual, life and a class designated "patrons. At the instance of the society the State of New York purchased in 1897 a tract of 33 acres included in the historic Stony Point battlefield on the Hudson, placing it in charge of the society. This tract was publicly dedicated as a State Reservation on July 16, 1902, the 123d anniversary of the battle, the Empire State Society of Sons of the American Revolution and a committee of Rockland County citizens co-operating. Another valuable historic_reservation created by the State at the suggestion of the society consists of about 35 acres at the head of Lake George, made famous by events during the French-Indian and Revolutionary wars, purchased in 1898 and 1900. The society, at the request of Governor Roosevelt, in 1900, was represented by a commission which, in conjunction with a commission representing the State of New Jersey, secured the creation of the Interstate Palisades Commission, now engaged in preventing further destruction and disfigurement of the grand scenery which makes the Hudson River one of the most beautiful streams in the world. The society was largely instrumental in securing the passage of a bill by the New York Legislature, in 1902, under which the jurisdiction of the Palisades Commissiners is extended so as to include Hook Mountain, and to permit the extension of the Palisades drive to Stony Point Park. This bill, vetoed on a technicality, will doubtless be re-enacted in approvable form and become law. of the society and its women's auxiliary, the Municipal Assembly of New York City, in 1901, passed an ordinance for the creation of a park in the Twelfth Ward, to include the Colonial mansion used by WashChiefly through the influence ington as headquarters during a portion of 1776. ceive the Mayor's signature, its re-enactment is expected. The beautiful monument marking the site of While the ordinance, for a technical reason, failed to reFort Washington was donated to the public by Mr. James Gordon Bennett, at the request of the society, and was dedicated on November 16, 1901, under the auspices of this organization and the Empire State Society of Sons of the American Revolution. In the New York Legislature of 1902 the society made the first definite attempt in the United States to secure legislation to restrain by taxation the disfigurement of urban and rural scenery by posters and billboards. During the same year it called attention to the fact of the gradual disappearance of the island upon which Jamestown, the first American city, was founded; and it secured the introduction in Congress of a bill for the acquisition of the island as a national park; and of a bill to create a Federal Reservation in New York State, embracing the ruins of Forts Frederick, Crown Point and Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain, all interesting in connection with Colonial and Revolutionary history. In various other ways the society has been active and its attention is at present directed to the matters of preserving Fraunce's Tavern, Alexander Hamilton's Home, Poe's Cottage and the old Hall of Records (Revolutionary prison), in New York City, and the Philipse Manor Hall in Yonkers; of securing the creation of a State Reservation at Watkins Glen, N. Y.; the rescue of the giant sequoias of California from threatened destruction; the maintenance of natural conditions in the Yosemite Valley; the protection of the prehistoric ruins of New Mexico, the creation of an international commission to consider the damage done by diversion of the waters of the great lakes; the identification of historic sites, and a number of others, interesting and valuable. The work of the society has grown to such proportions that it now maintains permanent headquarters in the Tribune Building, New York City. The officers of the society are: President, Hon. Andrew H. Green, New York; Vice-Presidents, Frederick W. Devoe, New York; Hon. Charles S. Francis, Troy; J. Pierpont Morgan and Walter S. Logan, New York; Treasurer, Edward Payson Cone, No. 314 West Ninetieth street, New York: Counsel, Colonel Henry W. Sackett, Tribune Building, New York; Landscape Artist, Samuel Parsons, Jr., New York; Secretary, Edward Hagaman Hall, Tribune Building, New York: Trustees, Samuel P. Avery, Reginald Pelham Bolton, H. K. Bush-Brown, Edward Payson Cone, Richard T. Davis, Frederick W. Devoe, Hon. Charles S. Francis, Hon. Robert L. Fryer, Hon. Andrew H. Green, Francis Whiting Halsey, Hon. Hugh Hastings, Edward P. Hatch, Hon. Henry E. Howland, George F. Kunz, Frederick S. Lamb, Hon. Francis G. Landon, Walter S. Logan, Colonel Abraham G. Mills, J. Pierpont Morgan, Hon. John Hudson Peck, Mrs. M. Fay Peirce, Hon. George W. Perkins, Edward T. Potter, Thomas R. Proctor, William H. Russell, Colonel Henry W. Sackett, Albert Ulmann, Hon. William Van Valkenburgh, Hon. Thomas V. Welch, Charles F. Wingate, Frank S. Witherbee. MILITARY AND NAVAL SOCIETY OF THE PORTO RICAN EXPEDITION. An association to bring into permanent relationship the men connected with those military and naval operations during the Spanish-American War, which led to the acquisition of Porto Rico by the United States, was formed during the year 1900. meeting of the Military and Naval Society of the Porto Rican Expedition was held in Columbus, Ohio, June The preliminary meetings began on April 1, and the first annual 6, 7 and 8. Lieutenant-General Nelson A. Miles was the first president of the organization. Its objects, in addition to the perpetuation of comradeship, are to acquire and preserve the records of individual service; to advance the interests of American soldiers and seamen; to conserve national honor and union through unqualified allegiance to the general Government; and to protect the constitutional rights and liberties of American citizens. There are three classes of members. Active members are those who, as officers and enlisted men in any branch of the United States service were with the Porto Rican expedition, or on the island before or on October 18, 1900, the date of its evacuation by the Spanish soldiers and the raising of the American flag over the capitol at San Juan. The associate members are soldiers or sailors of good reputation belonging to organizations or vessels which composed the expedition, who were detained in the United States by sickness or disability, or on detailed service; and members of the Red Cross Society, volunteer nurses, press correspondents, etc., etc., who served with the army in Porto Rico. The honorary members are such persons as for good and sufficient reasons may be elected by the National or any Department Commandery. dition to the Department and National Commanderies. In the machinery of the organization provision is made for local commanderies in adDepartment of Ohio-Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and West Virginia; Department of Pennsylvania-Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and Delaware; Department of New York-New York, New Jersey and Canada; DepartThe several Departments are constituted as follows: ment of Massachusetts-Massachusetts and the other New England States; Department of Illinois-Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska; Department of Kentucky-Kentucky and all Southern States not otherwise assigned; Department of Wisconsin-Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and other Western States not otherwise assigned; Department of the District of Columbia-District of Columbia, and all regular officers of the army and navy wherever located, including Cuba, Porto Rico, Philippine Islands and other island possessions. National Commander, Major General John R. Brooke. U. S. A.; First Vice-Commander, Rear Admiral Winfield S. Schley, U. S. N.; Second Vice-Commander, Brigadier-General Eugene Griffin, New York City; Third Vice-Commander, Captain Charles D. Sigsbee, U. S. N.: Fourth Vice-Commander, Colonel A. B. Coit, Columbus, Ohio: National Secretary, Colonel George B. Donavin, Columbus, Ohio; National Treasurer, Major Malcolm H. Crump, Bowling Green, Ky.; National Registrar, Major James Johnston, M. D., Bradford, Pa.; National Chaplain, Rev. Dr. J. C. Schindel, Newark, Ohio; Advisory Board, Brigadier-General Peter C. Haines, Baltimore, Md.; Brigadier-General John B. Castleman, Louisville, Ky.; Brigadier-General Theo. Schwan, Washington, D. C.; Brigadier-General Albert Sulliday, Watertown, Wis.; Major Edward B. Eckman, Columbia, Pa. THE SOCIETY OF THE CARIBBEAN. The extension of American political and commercial influence in the West Indies and among the countries of the old Spanish Main following the Spanish-American war, has given a wonderful impetus to the growth and influence of the Society of the Caribbean, a patriotic organization. Founded originally by the American war correspondents who participated in the naval and military campaigns in Cuba and Porto Rico, to cherish the memories and associations of that war and to promote the ties of good fellowship between themselves and their brother veterans of the army and navy, it has extended its scope until now it includes not only one hundred and eighteen American newspaper and magazine writers who were in the war, but officers of the army and navy who distinguished themselves by gallantry, and diplomats, scientists, explorers, travellers and others who have added to our knowledge of and interest in the peoples and countries of that region of the earth. On the night of July 3, 1899, just one year after our victorious squadron had driven Cervera's ships upon the rocky south coast of Cuba, there met at Mouquin's, in Fulton street, this city, a few of the war correspondents who had witnessed that memorable fight. They dined together and then formed the organization which has since grown to such proportions. The late "Jersey" Chamberlin, of the New York Sun, presided at this first meeting. Colonel Augustus P. Dunlop, a veteran of two wars, acted as secretary. Alexander C. Kenealy was elected treasurer. To Harry Elwood MacNichol was entrusted the task of completing the permanent organization and of drawing up the constitution and by-laws. On account of the anniversary of the Battle of Santiago coming during the heated season, when New York is deserted by all who can get away, it was decided that the annual meeting and banquet should in the future be held on April 22 of each year, the anniversary of the opening of the war. Accordingly, on April 22, 1900, the second annual banquet of the society was held. Mouquin's was also the scene of this memorable gathering. This time there was a large attendance and a permanent organizatlon having been effected, the society sprang into a prominent place among the patriotic orders of the country. The fourth gathering of the war correspondents took place on April 21, 1902, at the annual banquet of the society, held on board the American line steamship St. Paul, at Pier 14, North River, this city. The St. Paul had played a prominent part in the naval campaign as a scout ship off Santiago, and this was also the fourth anniversary of her entry into war service. This novel war banquet attracted much attention all over the country as well as in naval and military cireles abroad. A solemn and imposing feature of the banquet was the investing with honorary membership of an infant daughter of the late Stevens Vail, one of the members of the society who had died within the year. The officers elected for 1902-1903 were: Colonel Augustus P. Dunlop, president; Walter S. Merriwether, secretary; Carlton T. Chapman, treasurer; H. M. Stegman, registrar; Harry Elwood MacNichol, historian, and these vice presidents: Nicholas Biddle, Richard Harding Davis, James Creelman, E. K. Coulter, Lucien Adkins, Josepli Johnson, Jr., and J. F. McGrath. The roll call showed that there were 118 war correspondents enrolled as members. Since the annual meeting there have been elected to associate membership in the society a distinguished company of army and navy officers, scientists and writers who took part in the Dixie expedition to St. Pierre, Martinique. The constitution of the society now provides for three classes of membership-active, associate and honorary. The active membership consists of the war correspondents themselves. Associate membership is conferred upon officers of the army and navy and marine corps who served in the Cuban and Porto Rican campaigns or who have especially distinguished themselves in the Caribbean since the war. It may also be conferred upon citizens of the United States who have distinguished themselves in "promoting the best interests of the army and navy, who have contributed to the wider knowledge of the history, geography and commercial resources of the West Indies and the Spanish Main, and who have aided in the promotion of American influence and trade in those islands." Honorary membership is reserved for those: (1) "Citizens of the United States, of military, naval or civil life, who have especially distinguished themselves in promoting those objects for which the Society of the Caribbean was founded;' (2) "Citizens of the nations and colonies of the West Indies and the Spanish Main who have especially distinguished themselves in promoting the cause of good government, in fostering the love of liberty, in stimulating wider knowledge of those lands, in acts of friendship to the United States of America." Membership in the society is hereditary, and passes, upon the death of any original member, to his oldest son or oldest male descendant in the order of primogeniture. THE SETTLERS AND DEFENDERS OF AMERICA. An association, hereditary in its membership, aiming to perpetuate names and the history of events connected with the early settlement of this country, and with the birth of the Republic, was incorporated in 1899, under the name of The Settlers and Defenders of America. Its objects, fully stated, are "to stimulate genealogical, biographical and historical research; to publish patriotic manuscripts and records; to collect Colonial and Revolutionary relics; to preserve tradition; to mark patriotic graves; to locate and protect histcric sites; to erect tablets and monuments; to aid in founding and erecting libraries, museums and memorial buildings, and in all other fitting ways, through broad fellowship and co-operation, to perpetuate the memory of the Settlers and Defenders of the nation, and to exemplify and teach in all later generations their spirit of wise patriotism, to the end that we may loyally advance the purpose for which they struggled." The conditions for eligibility to membership involve descent from three classes of ancestors. Both males and females are admitted, the requirements being that the person shall be eighteen years old, or over, and lineally descended (1) from a settler in one of the thirteen original colonies, during the first thirty-three years of its settlement; (2) from one who is also lineally descended from an ancestor who, between May 13. 1697, and April 19, 1775, inclusive, rendered civil or military service in the general government of such colony and (3) who is likewise lineally descended from an ancestor who, between April 19, 1775, and September 13, 1783, inclusive, rendered actual service to the cause of American Independence, either as a mil. itary or naval officer, soldier, seaman, privateer, militia or minute man, associator, signer of the Declaration of Independence, member of a Continental, Provincial or Colonial Congress, or Colonial or State Legislature, or as a recognized patriot who performed or actually counselled or abetted acts of resistance to the authority of Great Britain; but no claim of eligibility through descent from a settler or from an ancestor who rendered Colonial service to be valid unless the descendant of such ancestor in the line of descent of the applicant were patriots of the War of the Revolution. The officers of the society are: President-General, Walter S. Carter, New York; Vice-President-General, Robert D. Benedict, New York; Secretary-General, Grenville B. Winthrop, New York; Treasurer-General, Rodney S. Dennis, New York; Registrar General, Everett V. Abbot, New York; President of Executive Council, Ralph E. Prime, Yonkers, N. Y. ELEVENTH CORPS ASSOCIATION. Commemorative of the services of the Eleventh Army Corps in the war for the preservation of the Union, this association was organized at Portland, Me., July 5, 1890. It has about one hundred members, including such distinguished veterans as Generals 0. 0. Howard, U. S. A.; Carl Schurz, Stewart L. Woodford, Orland Smith, John T. Lochman and Luis P. di Cesnola, with others of minor rank. The officers of the association are: President, General Orland Smith, Chicago, Ill.; Vice-President. General John T. Lochman, New York, Vice-President to Army of Potomac, Colonel Aug. C. Hamlin, Bangor, Me.: Vice-President of the First Division, General Stewart L. Woodford, New York: Vice-President of the Second Division. Major-Surgeon W. C. Hagen, Newark, N. J.; Vice-President of the Third Division, General Carl Schurz, New York City; Secre tary, Captain Francis Ince, New York City; Historian, Colonel Aug. C. Hamlin, Bangor, Me.; Treasurer, Captain Louis Lenbuscher, New York City. MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED STATES. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States was instituted April 15, 1865, by officers and ex-officers of the army, navy and marine corps of the United States who rendered service during the war of 1861-1865. It is composed of State Commanderies and a national body designated the Commanderyin-Chief. True allegiance to the United States of America is one of its fundamental principles; and its objects are to cherish the memories and associations of the war for the preservation of the Union; advance the best interests of the American soldier and sailor, especially of those associated as companions of the order; extend all possible relief to the widows and children of such; foster the cultivation of military and naval science, and enforce unqualified allegiance to the general government. Its membership comprises three classes, but the constitution of the order prohibits the election of any companion of the third class after April 15, 1890. This class consists of gentlemen who, in civil life, during the Civil War, were specially distinguished for conspicuous and consistent loyalty and were active in maintaining the supremacy of the National Government. Companions of the first class are elected from among commissioned officers of the army, navy and marine corps, regular or volunteer, who served during the war, and remain in service or have been honorably discharged, including men who served as non-commissioned officers, warrant officers or enlisted men during the war and have since that period been commissioned as officers in army, navy or marine corps. Companions of the second class are elected from among the eldest male heirs of those who were. or could rightfully have been companions of the first class. The parent commandery represents the State of Pennsylvania. Ten other commanderies, including that of the District of Columbia, had been organized when the Commandery-in-Chief was instituted on October 21, 1885. Its headquarters are in Philadelphia. Commander-in-Chief, Lieut.-Gen. John M. Schofield; Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Rear-Admiral George Brown: Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Brevet Col. Horatio C. King; Recorder-in-Chief, Brevet Lieut. Col. John P. Nicholson; Registrar-in-Chief, Brevet Major William P. Huxford; Treasurer-in-Chief, Paymaster George De F. Barton; Chancellor-in-Chief, Brevet Brig.-Gen. William L. James; Chaplain-in-Chief, Brevet Major Henry S. Burrage, D. D.; Council-in-Chief, Brevet Major George W. Chandler, Capt. Roswell H. Mason, Brevet Major Henry L. Swords, Brevet Major A. M. Van Dyke, First Lieut. W. L. Greenleaf. ROLL OF COMMANDERIES IN ORDER OF SENIORITY. Headquarters. Instituted. Recorders. Address. Philadelphia.. Apr. 15, 1865 Brev. Lieut.-Col. J. P. Nicholson.. 139 South 7th St., Phila. N. Y. City. S. Francisco..Apr. 12, 1871 Brev. Lieut.-Col. W. R. Smedberg Detroit.. St. Paul.. Feb. 4, 1885 Brevet Brig.-Gen. F. W. Swift. Omaha.... Oct. 21, 1885 Lieut. F. B. Bryant. Leavenworth. Apr. 22, 1886 Brevet Capt. George Robinson. 140 Nassau St., New York. 76 Monroe St., Chicago. Detroit. Portland. Laclede Bldg., St. Louis. Fort Leavenworth. Des Moines...Oct. 20, 1886 First Lieut. and Adj. J. W. Muffly Des Moines. June 1, 1887 Brevet Capt. James R. Saville... Indianapolis.. Oct. 17, 1888 Brevet Col. Z. A. Smith.. Tacoma.. Jan. 14, 1891 Lieut.-Commander J. E. Noel. SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 95 Kittredge B., Denver. One of the most inclusive of the associations which grew out of the Civil War of 1861-1865 is the Society of the Army of the Potomac, which was organized in New York City, July 5 and 6, 1869. Its membership is open to every officer and enlisted man who served at any time in that army, receiving an honorable discharge or continuing in service in the regular army; and also to all officers and men who served on vessels which were in active and immediate co-operation with that army, receiving honorable discharge or remaining in regular service. Practically membership is open to all honorable veterans who served east of the Alleghany Mountains. Provision is made for the election to honorary membership of those who served with distinction in any of the other armies or in the navy, and also of persons who have served as orator or poet at the annual reunions. Among the many distinguished officers who have been president of the society were Lieut.-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. A., the first on the list: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and the present senior officer of the United States Army, Lieut.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles. The objects of the society are to cherish the memories and associations of the Army of the Potomac, perpetuate the name and fame of those who have fallen, either in battle or in the line of duty with that army, and collect and preserve records of its achievements. The membership numbers 2,500. President, Brevet Brig.-Gen. Henry E. Tremain, U. S. V. Vice-Presidents-First Corps. Capt. Patrick De Lacy, U. S. V.; Second Corps, Gen. Orland Smith, U. S. V.; Third Corps, Chaplain Joseph H. Twichell, U. S. V.; Fourth Corps, Gen. George D. Ruggles, U. S. A.; Fifth Corps, Gen. James G. Grindlay, U. S. V.; Sixth Corps, Gen. J. Ford Kent, U. S. A.: Ninth Corps, Gen. Henry C. Dwight, U. S. V. Eleventh Corps, Col. Augustus C. Hamlin, U. S. V.; Twelfth Corps. Col. C. W. Boyce, U. S. V.; Eighteenth Corps, Col. George M. Lane, U. S. V. Nineteenth Corps, Gen. Emory Smith, U. S. V.: Cavalry Corps, Gen. J. P. Cilley. U. S. V.; General Staff, Gen. Martin T. McMahon, U. S. V.; Signal Corps, Col. Samuel T. Cushing, U. S. V. Treasurer, Lieut. Frank S. Halliday, U. S. V., 69 Hicks street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Recording Secretary, Brevet Col. Horatio C. King, U. S. V., 46 Willow street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Corresponding Secretary, Col. William L. Fox, Albany, N. Y. ARMY AND NAVY UNION, U. S. A. The Army and Navy Union of the United States is formed of men who have served in any branch of the United States army and navy, aud has for its object "to bring together and unite in benevolent and social fellowship those who have served honorably in the army, navy and marine corps of the United States; to provide for the sick and distressed and assist in the burial of the dead, and to extend a helping hand to the family of a deceased comrade or shipmate." A man of good moral character and who possesses an honorable discharge from the United States service on land or sea, is eligible to membership. The endowment insurance benefit is $100 in case of death. The office of the Adjutant-General is at 401 Pulaski street, Brooklyn, N. Y., and there are garrisons in nearly every city in the country. The officers of the national corps are: Russel C. Paris, national commander, Sandy Hill, N. Y.; William Budy, Sr., vice national commander, St. Paul, Minn.; Hugh II. Henry, Jr., vice national commander, Phoebus, Va.; John Schumacher, adjutant-general, 401 Pulaski street, Brooklyn, N. Y.; M. J. Hackett, inspector-general, Washington, D. C.; Jacob D. Pennell, judge advocate general, Newburgh, N. Y.; John E. Cox, national chaplain, Providence. Ky.; Grant A. Forbes, special inspector, Manila, P. Isl. Garrisons of Greater New York: Captain F. M. Gibson Garrison 12, Borough Manhattan; Captain William F. Flanagan Garrison 42, Borough Manhattan; General Franz Siegel Garrison 62, Borough Bronx; General George A. Custer Garrison 2, Borough Brooklyn; Captain Emmet Crawford Garrison 22, Borough Brooklyn; General James Shields Garrison 21, New Rochelle, N. Y.; General Thomas Ewing Garrison 55, Yonkers, N. Y. |