Religious Progress: An Orthodox Protestant View. The year of our Lord nineteen hundred and two closes with the horoscope as bright as could be desired for orthodox Protestant Christiantly. We live in an age of splendid hospitalities, and the acerbities, of former days would now be impossible. We have learned the Christly virtue of tolerance, and upon the soil of the great Republic all phases of religious bellef dwell together in peace. Protestantism-and, of course, I mean orthodox Protestanism, the Protestanism Christianity-is more than holding its own. of The tidal wave of unbelief which, naturally, perhaps, followed the publication of the "Origin of Species," and the more or less universal acceptance of the doctrine of "Evolution," has passed over us, and our American human nature, REV. THOMAS B. as is the case with human nature the world over and the ages through, is earnestly casting about for something to tie to amidst the storm and stress of life and death. It is apparent, even to the most casual observer, that the great American people is on the eve of a wonderful spiritual awakening. Unless all signs fail the period of religious indifference is nearly over. In fact, the year 1902 has witnessed a marvellous growth in orthodox Protestant Christianity in this country. This or that denomination may show signs of weakness in certain localities, but, upon the whole, all denominations have materially increased their strength during the year. Statistics are tiresome, but it may be truthfully affirmed that the future for Orthodox Protestant Christianity in this country never looked brighter than it does to-day. Our friends of the mother Church, as well as our friends of the extreme left in the Christian fold, have no little to say in the disparaging view of the "New Orthodoxy." but it is becoming more and more apparent every day that the new orthodoxy is both Protestant and Christian. The so-called "higher criticism" which has made so much noise in the world and of which so much has been heard during the year 1902, has spent itself without materially harming an essential of the Protestant concept of Christian faith. The new orthodoxy is, in every true sense of the word, Christian orthodoxy, and it is around this that the orthodox Protestants are rallying in good earnest. The year just closed witnessed a wonderful tendency throughout the Protestant world toward the unification of the sects, and it is confidently believed by many that the time is not far distant when between all denominations of Protestantism there will be a spiritual, if not an organic, union. The most noted event in the Orthodox Protestant world during the year 1902 was the splendid movement among the Presbyterians in the direction of the solidification of its various branches into one organic whole. Notable, too, is the fact that during the year just closed the Methodists practically secured their great $20,000,000 Twentieth Century Missionary Fund-an achievement which, of itself alone, shows that orthodox Protestant Christianity is, in the best sense of the word, a militant affair. In a word, it may be said that the year 1902 closes upon an Orthodox Protestantism that is full of hope, vigor and victory. The apathy of a generation ago has passed away, and all things would seem to indicate that the year 1903 is destined to be the brightest that Protestantism has seen in all its history. Rhode Island. Capital: There is but little doubt that the first European to land on the soil of Rhode Island was Verrazzani, who, in 1524, coasted eastward from what is now New York harbor to what is now Narragansett Bay, and anchored in Newport har bor. It has also been claimed that this region was the Vinland of the Norse explorers, who may have landed on the American Continent four centuries before Columbus. Rhode Island was first settled at Providence, in 1636 by Roger Williams, who was banished from Massachusetts for maintaining religious and political opinions at variance with those of the rulers of that colony. In 1638 William Coddington and others, also banished from Massachusetts, purchased from the Indians the island of Aquiday, afterwards called Rhode Island, and established set tlements at Newport and Portsmouth. A third settlement was founded in 1643 at Warwick, by a party among whom John Greene and Samuel Gorton were prominent. In the same year Roger Williams obtained a patent from the English Government for these settlements, and in 1647 Charles II. issued a charter to the colony of Rhode Island and and suffered much from the Indian years and was relieved only at Rhode Island took a prominent part furnished several prominent offi accept Constitution of the chusetts Legislature revoked the Williams. the In Rhode Island is the smallest of only 1,250 square miles. In 1901 438,000. Manufacturing is the leadIsland being noted for her varied woollen goods stand first. In 1900 States in the manufacture of cotfacture of woollens, though this during the past five years knit goods, however, there has been Since the invention of a method of Rhode Island has stood first in the nearly one-fourth of this product in Providence. The manufacture of forms an important industry. Other files, rubber and elastic goods, malt supplies. Brown University, at Providence, One was a bequest of $500,000 from to go to the university upon the M. Littlefield, to be used to found at L. Littlefield Professorship of Amer direct gift from Paul Bajnotti, Gov. L. F. C. Garvin. Providence Plantations. Rhode Islwars of 1675 and the following the death of King Philip in 1676. in the War of the Revolution and cers. The State was the last to United States. In 1901 the Massaedict of banishment against Roger State in the Union, having an area its population was estimated at ing industry of the State, Rhode products, among which cotton and she ranked second in the United ton goods, and third in the manulatter industry has decreased the production of worsted and a rapid increase in the last decade. "filling" gold with cheaper metais, manufacture of cheap jewelry, and the United States is sent out from silverware is allied to this and industries are the manufacture of liquors and electrical apparatus and received two large gifts during 1902. George L. Littlefield, of Providence, death of his widow. Mrs. Harriet chair to be known as "The George ican History." The other was Italian Consul-General at Liverpool, a England of a memorial clock tower to be erected on the campus, and to cost not less than $30,000, and to be suitably inscribed to the memory of his wife. Carrie Brown Bajnotti. On June 3, 1902, a strike was declared by the employes of the United Traction Company of Providence, operating the principal street railway lines in that city and Pawtucket. In Providence the tie-up of the car lines was not complete, not more than 50 per cent of the motormen and conductors going out, but in Pawtucket the strike was much more effective. Several riots took place in both cities, and for two days the streets were filled with military called out by the Governor. The rioting seems to have been caused by the Traction Company engaging deputy sheriffs to protect the non-union men and strikebreakers employed to run the cars. Dynamite was used by the rioters with effect, and a number of police men and deputies were severely handled by the mobs. On July 5 the Providence strike was declared off, the men going back to work at the old terms. It was claimed by the labor leaders that as there had been so many strike-breakers it was deemed best to allow the men to resume their positions rather than let them risk losing work altogether. In Pawtucket, however, the strikers voted to stay out until concessions were made by the Traction Company. The strike was caused by a demand for a ten-hour day at eleven hours pay, and recognition of the union. The Democratic State Convention was held October 1, 1902. The platform adopted was devoted entirely to local issues, the Democrats deciding to go before the people chiefly upon the street railway strike issue. The Republican State Convention was held October 10, and the platform adopted reaffirms that of the National Republican Convention of 1900, expresses approval of President Roosevelt and his policies, and favors his nomination for President in 1904. It lauds the wisdom of the "American protective system" and declares that the question of the revision of the tariff can safely be left to a Republican Congress. The evil growing out of aggregations of capital should be summarily dealt with. Rhode Island elected a Democratic Governor and Lieutenant-Governor at the election in November. Dr. Lucius F. C. Garvin, the Democratic candidate, received a plurality of 6,358. The Republicans elected the other State officers and carried the Senate by a large majority. The House of Representatives was fairly well divided between the two parties. Dr. Garvin is a Tennesseean, born at Knoxville, November 13, 1841. He has figured conspicuously in Rhode Island politics for the past twenty years and has several times been elected to the House of Representatives, where he was generally the leader of his party. He is known as a champion of shorter hours for working people. It was thought that his election was due largely to the action of Governor Kimball in calling out the militia during the Providence-Pawtucket street railway strike in the Summer of 1902, an action which made the Governor unpopular with members of labor unions throughout the State. Daniel L. D. Granger, who was elected to Congress from the First District, is one of the most popular Democrats in the State, and was Mayor of Providence during 1902. Roumania. Capital: The first ruler of Roumania was Colonel Cuza, who had been elected Lord of Wallachia and of Moldaria in 1859. Upon the union of the two principalities, December 23, 1861, he assumed the reins of government with the title of Prince Alexandru Joan I. In February, 1866, a revolution forced his abdication, and Prince Carol I. (born April 20, 1839), son of the late Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was elected Lord of Roumania. On March 26, 1881, he was proclaimed King. On November 15, 1869, he married Princess Elizabeth von Neurvied, who was born December 29, 1843. As they remained childless an act was passed settling the succession to the throne upon the King's elder brother, Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who, however, renounced his right in favor of his son, Prince Wilhelm. In 1888 Prince Wilhelm renounced his right in favor of his brother, Prince Ferdinand, who, by royal decree, was created Prince of Roumania on March 18, Prince Ferdinand was born 1893, he married Princess Marie, burg-Gotha. Roumania has been an indepen people assembled at Bucharest and the rule of Turkey. The executive a council of eight ministers, with out a portfolio) at their head. The bers-the Senate, of 120 members, Deputies, of 183 members, elected sive veto over the acts of the two The principal religions of Rou followers, are 5,408,743 in the or 168,276 Catholics and Protestants, Only the clergy of the national paid by the State. The Jews are Instruction is in a very back and supposedly compulsory in the The estimated revenue for 1902 penditure being the same. The $286,403,103. Of the total area of Roumania the cultivation of which about 70 ployed. The principal exports are and woods. In 1900 the exports imports to $43,397,176. Of all the countries of Europe cruel, so unconsciously false to its Jews, as has Roumania. It was nied religious liberty in Turkey that August 24, 1865. On January 10, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Codent kingdom since 1877, when the proclaimed themselves free from is vested, under the constitution, in the Prime Minister (with or withLegislature consists of two chamelected for eight years, and the for four. The King has a suspenchambers mania, in the numbers of their thodox Greek Church, 269,015 Jews, and about 43,740 Mahometans. orthodox church are recognized and much persecuted. ward condition, although it is free few public schools there. is placed at $43,700,000, the expublic debt in 1901 amounted to about one-half is under crops, in per cent of the population is emcereals and fruits, fuel, chemicals amounted to $56,000,086, and the there is none which has been so own ideals, in persecuting the on the plea that it was being deRoumania was allowed by the Powers to set up an independent government, yet it is the denying to a large section of her own countrymen of this very fundamental right which makes Roumania to-day the foulest blot on the European international escutcheon. In September, 1902, the conditions of the Jews in Roumania became so intolerable that a note was sent by the United States to the Powers of Europe asking for co-operation on their part to find a means of putting a stop to the attacks by the Roumanian Government. The note met with general favor, though It aroused comment in several countries. Great Britain joined readily with America in the protest, but Russia and Germany preferred to remain inactive, showing some resentment at interference. The Roumanian Minister in London, M. Catargi, denied in an interview that Hebrews in Roumania are subjected to disabilities different from those imposed upon other foreigners, and stated that the Hebrew emigration was due not to persecution, but to agricultural depression. From press dispatches it appeared that the note sent by the United States, instead of benefitting the Jews, had the effect of making conditions harder, in that the Roumanian Government refused to grant emigration passports, without the tax of $4 being paid. The Ministers of State are as follows: President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Demetre A. Stourdza; Minister of Interior, P. S. Aurelian; Minister of Finance, G. D. Pallade; Minister of Justice, C. J. Stoiscesco; Minister of Public Instruction, S. C. Haret; Minister of Public Works, J. J. C. Bratiano; Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, B. M. Missir; Secretary of the Council, N.Soultzo. Russia. Capital: ST. PETERSBURG. The reigning family of Russia traces its descent, in the male line, from Duke Karl Friederich, of Holstein-Gottorp, who (1700) was of a younger branch of the House of Oldenburg; and, in the female line, from Michael Romanof, who was elected Czar in 1613, upon the extinction of the House of Rurik. This union was the result of one of the greatest projects of Peter J., who was ever scheming to bring Russia into closer contact with the rest of Europe. Nicholas II., the present Czar, who is the eighth ruler to represent the House of Romanof-Holstein, was born May 6 (New style, May 18), 1868, and was the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III. and Princess Dagmen, the daughter of the present King of Den mark. He ascended the throne October 20 (New style, November 1), 1894, and, four weeks later, was married to Princess Alexandra Alix, daughter of Grand Duke Ludwig IV., of Hesse. Their children are: THE HEIR PRESUMPTIVE.-According to a decree of Emperor Paul, in 1797, the law of succession to the throne of Russia is that of regular descent, by the right of primogeniture, with preference given to male over female heirs. If the present Czar, therefore, should fail to leave a male heir, the throne would pass to his brother, Grand Duke Michael, who was born November 22 (New style, December 4), 1878. The Committee of Ministers is composed as follows: Minister of the Imperial House and the Imperial Domains, Gen. W. Freedericksz; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Privy Councillor Count Lansdorf; Minister of War, Gen. Kuropatkin; Minister of the Navy, ViceAdmiral Tyrtoff; Minister of the Interior, Privy Councillor Sipyaghin; Minister of Public Instruction. Mr. Lenger; Minister of Finance, Actual Justice, Privy Concillor N. V. MuraState Domains, Actual Privy Coun Works and Railways, Auctual Privy ment of General Control, General Holy Synod, Actual Privy Councillor Secretary for Finland, Actual Privy THE NATION.-Russia is an government is the will of the Czar, executive and judicial power. The Emperor of the Russian Em is the orthodox Graeco-Russian, and adhere. Restrictions are laid only may be freely practised. There were, in 1898, 78,699 ele 73.046 were under the Ministry of universities and numbers of high Under the law of 1864 justice is with juries, elective justices of the peal), appeal courts for non-jury The estimated total revenue for ture being the same. Of this reve ated to meet extraordinary expen $3,230,000,000. Russia's great frontier contains Novogeorgievsk, on the right bank gorod. on either side of it. and Russia's enormous expanse con Her cereal products are those most manufactories are fast becoming a Czar of Russia. Privy Councillor Witte; Minister of vieff: Minister of Agriculture and cillor Yermloft; Minister of Public Councillor Prince Khilkoff; DepartLobko; Procurator-General of the Pobedonostzew; Minister and State Councillor de Plehwe. absolute hereditary monarchy. Its in whom rests the entire legislative, pire is the head of the Church, which to which he and his family must on the Jews. All other religions mentary schools in Russia, of which Instruction. There are nine State schools. administered through assize courts, peace, assemblies of justices (apcases, and a Court of Cassation. 1902 was $894,241,003, the expendi nue over $30,000,000 was appropriditure. The national debt is about four principal strongholds-one at of the Vistula; Warsaw and SvanBrest-Litovsk, on the Bug. tains every species of industry. valuable of all, but her textile leading factor in her trade. Having such an extensive frontier, Russia finds it necessary to carry out an elaborate system of defense. On the west, Poland is defended by four strongholds, sometimes called the Polish quadrilateral. Other important fortifications are in the Finland, the Vilna, the Odessa and the Caucasus districts, forming a chain of fortresses nearly encircling the country and thoroughly defending the frontiers. Since January 13, 1874, military service has been obligatory for all men above twenty-one years of age. Certain privileges are granted on account of education, and clergymen, doctors and teachers are exempt. The period of service is, in European Russia, five years in active service, eighteen years in the two reserves; in the Asiatic dominions, seven years in the active army and six years in the reserves; in Caucasia, three years in the active army and fifteen years in the reserves. In case of need the Minister of War has the right to keep the men for another six months under the colors. There are separate regulations for the Cossacks and the Finnish troops. The peace strength of the Russian army is about 42,000 officers, and more than 1,000,000 men. On a war footing the army may consist of 4,600,000 men and officers. The entire The navy is divided into four entirely distinct fleets, each with its own organization. strength of the fleets, excluding training ships and ineffective vessels, is 9 first-class battle ships, 15 secondclass battle ships, 2 third-class battle ships, 8 coast defense vessels, 2 armored cruisers, 24 protected cruisers, 41 gunboats, 8 old armorclads and armor gunboats. Besides these, there are 21 destroyers in commission, several submarines, 45 first-class torpedo boats and about 150 second and third-class boats. Previous to the Emacipation Act of 1861 all peasants were serfs of the State, of the Crown or of the Nobility. In 1861 the State bought of the serf-owners the land upon which the serfs were settled, and has since liberated the serfs and sold the land to them on consideration of 49 annual payments, each amounting to 40,000,000 roubles. In many cases the serfs acquired the land independently of any desire to do so, the price being fixed by the State, or by special commissions in which they took no part. About 9,000,000 peasants redeemed the land, with the aid of the Government, about 87,000,000 acres in all being reclaimed. Besides cereals and potatoes, flax, hemp, hay, grapes, tobacco, cotton, rice and silk are raised in Russia and her provinces. The Government conducts 68 experimental farms, under the direction of the Ministry of Agriculture. In European Russia forests cover a territory of more than 474,000,000 of acres. The State is the largest owner of forests in the country, and allows concessions to timber cutters. But little has been done, however, in exploiting the timber forests. The soll of Russia is rich in minerals and the mining industry is steadily increasing. Gold is found chiefly in Siberia and the Ural Mountains. Other metals found plentifully are silver, platinum, copper, maganese, iron, mercury and zinc. The salt industry flourishes chiefly in South Russia, though large exports are sent from the Northern provinces. The petroleum industry is extending rapidly and the total quantity of crude oil and residuum consumed in Russia may be estimated at 6,450,000 tons.. There are now about 37,000 miles of railway in Russia, about 60 per cent of which are worked by the Government. The Great Siberian Railroad is about 1,885 miles long, of which 1,600 miles are in Chinese territory. The total cost of construction probably exceeded $500,000,000. The length of telegraph lines is about 100,000 miles, with about 300,000 miles of wire. THE DEPENDENCIES.-Finland is the only European dependency of the Russian Empire. It is, in form, a grand duchy, with the Emperor for the Grand Duke. Of the population of 2.595,000, 2,230,000 are Finns, 350 Swedes, 12,000 Russians and 3,000 Germans and Laps. The Lutheran is the nearly universal religion. Education is well looked after in elementary and preparatory schools and one university. The poor are supported by the municipalities; the paupers amount to 22 per cent of the population. Finland's budget for 1900 shows estimated expenditure and receipts, both, of $17,501,376. The public debt amounts to $22,289,993. Finland's imports in 1900 amounted to $54,151,000, while her exports for that year were $39,546,000-not a bad showing, considering that 13 per cent of the country is under water. In Central Asia, Russia owns the State of Bokhara, south of Russian Turkestan, and the State of Khiva. south of the Aral Sea. These States are ruled respectively by an Ameer and a Khan. The Czar exacts a money tribute from the Khiva. The religion in both States is Mohammedan, and foreign residents are prohibited except by permission of the Czar. Russia has leased from China for twenty-five years Port Arthur and Ta-lien-wan, which have been incorporated into the Territory of Kwang-Tung. Events in 1902.-The early part of the year saw serious riots in the Russian cities and provinces. These riots, brought on ostensibly by the forceful drafting of university students for service in the national army, were, in reality, but a forceful expression of the growing social discontent in the Russian Empire. They terminated in the assassination of M. Sipiaguine, the Russian Minister of the Interior, by a student from Kieff, who, in company with some of his fellow students, had been drafted into the army and placed on duty at Saratoff. Attempts at other assassinations and frequent serious riots in which the populace and the military clashed took place before the disturbance subsided. The most important change in her foreign affairs was that by which she concluded a treaty with France as a safeguard against the Anglo-Japanese alliance. As stated above, Finland is now a part of the Russian Empire. But this is in fact only, not in spirit, for Finland strongly resents the attempts Russia has been making to bring her under the Imperial yoke. Arbitrary and harsh measures have been resorted to, the Finns protesting at every step. Of all the measures, that forcing military service in the Russian army by conscription of the Finnish youth is, perhaps, the most unpopular. On account of these attempts to Russify Finland, great numbers of her people have migrated to this and other countries. Salvador. Capital: SAN SALVADOR. Lying between Guatemala and Honduras on part of the latter range. The highest, Chicontepec, 7,683 feet above sea level, had been extinct for centuries before the history of the the Province of San Vincente, are several geysers which admit great volumes of steam, accompanied by a Republic began. On the slopes of this volcano, in noise that can be heard for a distance of two miles. Guija and Ilopango, and there are several smaller bodies of water which are chiefly of volcanic origin. In 1880 Lake Ilopango was the scene of a very remarkable volcanic phenomenon, which was preceded by a The two principal lakes within the Republic are severe earthquake in the surrounding country. usual level, and flowing into the bed of the Jilva, a stream which forms the usual outlet from the lake, increased it to the proportions of a broad and raging river, which soon made for itself a channel 30 to 35 The waters of the lake suddenly rose four feet above their feet deep. A rapid subsidence of the level of the lake was thus produced, and in three months the surface was 34 feet below its maximum. Toward the centre of the lake a stony island, 500 feet in diameter, rose to a height of 150 feet, and the water adjacent to it became very hot. In the Summer of 1524 the Spanish conquerors, having subjugated Mexico and turned their attention to the countries lying to the south, passed across the La Pax River into what is now the Republic of Salvador. At first received hospitably by the natives, the Spaniards soon found their advance resisted more desperately than before. venge, and of all the multitude of half naked, poorly equipped warriors who opposed him, not one was left Alvarado received an arrow wound which rendered him lame for life, but he took ample realive. It was not until 1525 that Cuscatlan, the capital, was captured and Salvador became a part of the vice-regal kingdom of Guatemala. For nearly 300 years it remained under Spanish dominion, the natives wasting away and diminishing as they tilled the soil or worked the mines for their captives. were heard the first mutterings of a storm, but it was not until 1821 that the successful termination of the struggle for liberty, made by Mexico, inspired the people of the southern colonies to shake off the Spanish yoke. In 1811 there dent, and in the following year an attempt was made to annex it to the Mexican Empire. The Province of On the 15th of September, 1821, the Province of Guatemala was declared free and indepenSalvador resisted, but finally had to submit to a Mexican force and be incorporated in the Empire as a part of Iturbide. In 1824 the Central American Confederation was formed, an impracticable operation, for party jealousies and personal ambitions brought turmoil and strife, and in spite of all efforts to maintain order and preserve the union, the Confederation was dissolved in 1839, and Salvador became one of the five independent States. federacy, but without avail, and in 1886 the Constitution which remained in force eighteen years was promulSince 1842 several republics have made efforts to re-establish the Central American Congated. As this book goes to press the President is Tomas Regaldo. Notwithstanding the disadvantages under which Salvador labors, of having no ports on the Atlantic coast, and no outlet for merchandise in that direction, the commerce of the country has been always active, due largely to the high prices that are obtained for the agricultural products. years, however, the decrease in the price of coffee, and the low rate of silver, have tended to cause a decline in the receipts. Coffee is the "money crop" of the Republic. The Government reported in 1902, 50,000 Within the last two or three hectares of land planted in coffee trees, and there still remains in an uncultivated state about 20,000 hectares of virgin land suitable for the growing of coffee. tree is given as thirty years, and the average production is 350 grams. The average yearly export is estimated at 50,000,000 pounds, and the average cost per kilogram, delivered at the maritime ports, is 9 cents in AmerThe average bearing life of a Salvador coffee ican gold. In 1902 the coffee crop of the Republic did not exceed 40,000,000 pounds, a decrease of 15,600,000 pounds from 1901. The falling off was due chiefly to the unseasonable weather, the rains which fell early in the year causing the trees to blossom prematurely, the bloom being afterward destroyed by the north winds. On May 1, 1902, the President of the Republic, Tomas Regaldo, delivered an interesting message to the National Congress, in which he stated that the political, economic and social affairs of the nation were in a satisfactory condition, and that peace and tranquility prevailed. Discussing the foreign relations of the Republic with the rest of the world, he noted the fact that the diplomatic relations existing between Salvador and the United States are unchanged, and the countries are bound together by closer bonds of friendship and good will than have ever existed before. During the past year the cause of education has received the especial attention of the Government. considerably increased, and a notable improvement has occurred in the general efficiency of elementary inThe number of teachers assigned struction. The colleges and universities of the nation continue to be largely patronized and well managed. to the primary schools has been Salvador seems to have advanced beyond her sister republics in Central America in municipal improvements and in the production and importation of articles of convenience or luxury. Telephone and telegraph service is excellent, considering the percentage of poor in the cities and towns, and in 1902 Francisco Bogen, a German resident of San Salvador, made a contract with the Government for the establishment of an automobile service, the vehicles to be run by alcohol power. According to the census of 1901, the population of Salvador was 1,006,848, of which 772,200 were white and 234,648 Indians. Attracted by the possibilities of coffee culture and by the encouragement offered by the Government to commerce of all sorts, many Americans have settled in the country in recent years, coming chiefly from other Central and South American countries. foreigner has to contend is the climate, and Dr. David J. Guzman, in a work on the physical aspects of Salvador, gives some valuable hints to immigrants and non-acclimatized persons visiting the country. He The greatest difficulty against which a says: "When the European lands on our shores he soons feels the moist heat which prevails, particularly in the wet season. His strength begins gradually to fail and his appetite soon languishes, his habitual energy declines. He should avoid the immoderate use of fruits and take extraordinary precaution against sudden changes of temperature. is active in warm countries, should be unobstructed. The skin should be kept in good condition, as perspiration, which damp places. Clothing should be loose, so as to admit free circulation of air. proportioned mixture of animal and vegetable substances." Care should be taken to avoid sleeping in low and to provide Salvador has a long, and, what might appear to be a rather prohibitive, tariff schedule on imported goods. for revenue only, and not for the fostering of home industry. Internal taxes are placed upon some Food should be a properly commodities, also, and in May, 1902, the President promulgated a decree imposing taxes on coffee and salt produced in the District of La Paz, the proceeds of which are to be used in the construction of a bridge over the Jibora River. official newspaper of San Salvador, shows that the collection of revenue from all sources, from January to The revenues collected during 1901. according to a statistical table published in the September of that year, amounted to $4,835,064.06. exceeding the sum for the first nine months of 1900 by $282,375.72. Of these revenues, the amount of $2,542,967.51 was from duties on imports: $526,396.56 on exports, and the remainder came from internal revenue taxes and sundry Governmental taxes." The Ministers of State in Salvador are: Dr. F. A. Reyes. Minister of Foreign Affairs: Dr. Ruben Rivera, Minister of Interior, War and Navy; Dr. J. Trigueros, Minister of Charity and Public Instruction; Dr. F. A. Novoa, Minister of Finances, Public Credit and Public Works. The President of the Supreme Court is Dr. David Castro, and the head of the Roman Catholic Church is A. Perez. |