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Cotton.

By GEORGE W. AVERY.

The cotton plant had been found growing in a wild state by the first settlers of the southwestern portion of this country, but 1621 is generally regarded as the first year of cotton culture in the United States. Its cultivation was for a long time limited to small patches for domestic uses. In 1783 cotton seed was brought into Carolina, and in 1734 cotton was planted in Georgia from seed sent to the trustees from England. About 1770 Southern planters began turning their attention to the cultivation of cotton as a staple crop. In 1775 the first manufactory for cotton was established in Philadelphia. It also manufactured goods from flax and wool. In 1787 the first regular cotton factory in the United States was built at Beverly, Mass. The Legislature made a grant of $500 to assist the new enterprise. The year 1793 was made memorable by Eli Whitney's invention of the saw-gin. In 1795 the second cotton mill in the United States was erected in Rhode Island. From that time the business increased, having its centre in New England, and within the past few years the South has entered largely into manufacturing, many mills having been built in the various States, most of which are now in successful operation.

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The returns are for the year ending September 1. The average net weight per bale for 1902 is 483 pounds. COTTON CONSUMPTION OF THE WORLD, IN BALES OF 500 POUNDS.

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AN APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF THE COTTON CROP OF EACH OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SEASONS NAMED, IN THOUSANDS OF BALES.

(1893-94. 1894-95, 1895-96. | 1896-97. 1897-98. 1898-99.|1899-00.|1900-01.1901-02.

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HIGHEST AND LOWEST SALES IN NEW YORK OF COTTON FOR FUTURE DELIVERY.

10.339 10,768

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COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES, IN BALES, BY STATES.

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Great
Britain.

9,440,000 11,233,000 11,181,000

ANNUAL CONSUMPTION OF COTTON IN COTTON MILLS IN BALES OF 500 POUNDS NET.

Seasons.

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HIGHEST AND LOWEST PRICES IN NEW YORK FOR MIDDLING UPLAND COTTON, FROM JANU. ARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, OF THE YEARS NAMED.

3,233,000 3,848,000 1,648,000
3,250,000 4,030,000 1,813,000
3,276,000 4,160,000) 1,630,000
3,224,000 4,368,000 1,771,000
3,432,000 4,628,000 1,771,000
3,519,000 4,784,000 2,218,000
3,334,000 4,576,000 2,763,000
4,576,000) 1,909,000
4,784,000 1,996,000

639,000 2,287,000

978,000

806,000

2,619,000

1,074,000

840,000]

2,470,000]

1,127,000

946,000

2,717,000

1,041,000

1,151,000

2,922,000

1,185,000

1,364,000

3,582,000 1,340,000

1,524,000[ 3,687,000 1,162,000

1,526,000

3,435,000 1,087,000

1,912,000

3,908,000

1,120,000

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SOURCE OF COTTON SUPPLY FOR FIVE YEARS IN BALES OF 500 POUNDS. The following shows the estimate of J. S. Bache & Co., 66 Exchange place, New York, for 1902-02, and the total actual sales for the four years preceding:

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Includes India's exports to Europe, America and Japan, and mill consumption in India and excess of stock at Bombay. Receipts into Europe from Brazil, Smyrna, Peru, West Indies, etc., and Japan native cotton used in Japan mills. *Deficiency in the year's new supply.

THE WORLD'S ANNUAL COTTON CONSUMPTION IN BALES.
Countries. | 1901-02. | 1900-01. | 1899-00. | 1898-99. Countries.
Gt. Britain. 3,352,000 3,256,000 3,334,000 3,519,000 Canada.
Continent 4,732,000 4,576,000) 4,576,000 4,784,000 Mexico...

Tot. Europe 8,084,000 7,832,000 7,910,000 8,303,000
U. S. north. 2,207,175 2,150,000 2,355,065 2,244,380

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4,037,332 3,726,740 3,855,795 3,553,250 Tot. world..14,351,156 13,402,916 13.722,772 14,014,728 1,322,000 1,059.764 1,139,428 1,313,649 Ave, weekly.. 275,983 257,748 264,261 269,514 728,000 631,728 711,491 703,461

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COTTON MANUFACTURING IN EUROPE, THE UNITED STATES AND INDIA. The following table gives the estimated number of spindles in the cotton mills of the United States, Europe and India, at the end of the seasons named:

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Exports.

Europe
Canada

Cent. Am, &

1901-02.

1900-01. | 1899-00. | 1898-99. Exports. 1901-02. 1900-01. 1899-00. 1898-99. 2,447,845 2,725,506 2,012,641] 1,544,363 All others.. 4,114,026 3,735,951 5,163,132 3,860,169 2,820,781 2,566,536 2,691,992 2,759,164

Total year 32,108,302 20,272,418 24,003,087 23,560,914 W. Ind es 3,160,012 3,301,933 3,250,753 2,858,686 South Am.. 3,070,045 3,321,494 2,079,791 2,693,967 1st 6 mos... 14,340,749 8,570,412 11,850,740 10,558,725 Chinese Em. 16,495,248 4,620,998 8,804,778 9,844,565|| 2d 6 mos... 17,767,613/11,702,006/12,152,347 13,002,189

Wool.

The only States which show any considerable actual increase in the number of sheep since 1901 are Montana and Wyoming. In the former the increase is 555,000 and in the latter 1,036,000. The number of sheep east of the Mississippi continues to steadily decline. Most of the territorial States have reached the limit of their production. The situation offers little encouragement that we are likely to have a domestic supply of wool equal to the domestic requirements.

STATISTICS OF WOOL IN THE UNITED STATES.

(Prepared for The American Almanac by W. J. Battison, of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, Boston, Mass.)

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*Estimated by the United States Department of Agriculture. Estimated by the United States Association of Wool Manufacturers.

FLEECE AND PULLED WOOL WASHED AND IN THE GREASE, IN POUNDS. The estimates of wool production for fifteen years have been as follows, together with the scoured wool equivalents for the same period:

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WOOL SUPPLY, 1888-1902.-DOMESTIC PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS LESS EXPORTS, IN POUNDS. Fiscal year ending June 30.

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All Wools. 2,122,407,842

424,481,568

2,549,920,592

Fine Wools. 1,686,818,840

337,363,768

2,070,423,829

Annual average....

509,984,118 1,988,771,621

397,554,309

414,084,766 1,582,374.537

316,479,907

From January 1, 1902, to October 31 there were shipped from Boston 235,579,718 pounds of wool.

RECEIPTS OF WOOL IN BOSTON, IN BALES, 1899-1902.

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The figures in the following table, showing the number of pounds of wool imported into Boston, New York and Philadelphia, represent about 98.5 per cent of the total quantity imported into all ports of the United States.

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Some idea of the extent of the beet sugar industry in the United States may be gained by a study of the following tables, which give the locations of the factories and the capacity of each, in tons. With the extension of irrigation in the West hitherto unproductive land will very likely be used almost entirely for the cultivation of sugar beets and within a few years the number of factories in this country will be doubled. The beet sugar industry had its origin in the Western States and its development has been largely in that section. Sugar beets can be grown in almost any sort of soil, except where the subsoil is hard. The cost of production is from $30 to $40 an acre, and the beets should sell at about $4 a ton at the factories.

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