MAP INDEX.-Continued. Sloten Sluin Slyne Head Smethport 10E3 Spencer (W. Va.).16B3)St. Jose Smith Sd........6L1 Spires .........9D4 St. Josephs, Ariz. 18C1 Sth. Hebrides..8C2&3 Superior, Kan....17C4 ..... .17C5 spitzbergen Sneek Snohomish Soboersin 16D2 St. Louis, Malo. ...16C1 Stockport 1M5 Sto'pmunde 3F2 Surigao Strait....14C2 ..9H1 Susanville .9H1 Susquehanna R..15E .8D2 Socorro, S. Amer..6L7 Springfield, Ohio.15B5 St. Magnes Bay...8F1 Stony Tunguska River, Sussex, Wyo.....18D2 ..10A5 .4C9 S. Jose de Buena- Soest Sofala Sofia Sofia, Bulgaria .3G3 Stade Sohar .2G6 St. Adelaide. .161 10D4 Stralsund .17D3 Strasse 17A5 St. Augustine....16B5 St. Petersburg (Fla.) Stratford Solikamsk, Russia.3K2 St. Brides Bay....8D6 16B3 .1703 .9L1 .513 .10H1 .9E4 4A9 ..4D8 .5H2 .1802 .1702 .8D6 .15G2 .2N6 .4C9 .9F1 .4A10 .3E3 ...9D5 9J2 Sydney, Aust'a...1D7 ..9G3 St. Francis, Can.16B1 Ste. Henedine...15H Stutgart, Kan...17D5 Tabatinga ...8E2 Syracuse, Utah...18C2 .2H4 .15H2 Syrian Desert.....2F5 ...5F1 Szantoo .9K4 .15F4 Szasz Regen. .11K1 .17B2 Szathmar .9L5 .11J4 Szegdin 11H1 .12D1 Sz. Endre.. .9J5 16B3 Sz. Marton. .9J4 17B3 Szentes .1111 ..12C5 Szerea .9H4 ..9K5 .404 7B3 .15G2 St. Francois Beance, Sts. of Georgia..18A1 Stuttgart, Ger'y...9D4 Tablas South America. .1K6 St. Gall. Stanley, F'kl'd Is. 7D8 Su-chau South Australia...504 St. Germain. ...10E7 Stanton, Mich...15A3 Suez Canal. 2L5 5JB 17C4 2N6 .4E4 18C4 Suichan 1116 St. Hyacinthe....15G2 Stavanger, Norway.3E2 Sulu Archipelago.14B3 Taku South Georgia 7F8 St. Ignace.. South I.. .1D8 St. James. 12E3 .12E4 ..14A2 .206 .2C5 .12E4 .......12D3 10F6 Staten Island .16D4 Staunton .16A1 St. Jean.........15J1 Stavikoihpak Spanish Fork....18C2 St. Johns, Ariz..18D4 Stephenville Tanish Territory..4A3 St. Johns, M ch.15B3 Sterling. Col.....18E2 Sumy Russia. ,9H4 Sunbury 9F1 Reina 10B2 .7B6 2L8 Tali .2M6 .12E7 Ta-li-fu 1204 .18B3 Tallahassee.....16B4 ..8F2 Tallulah Falls...16B4 16B4 Taltal .7B5 10B3 Talven 2N5 SH2 Tamah, Iowa. .1703 1214 15F4 Tamarida 4H4 407 5G1 16B3 Taman 12D7 Tamatave .18B4 St. Johnsbury...15H2 Stettin Tawi Tawi. Tayahvale ..10B2 Thibet .16B5 Thibodeaux .15B2 Thiers 2L7 Thiolt .17 B5 Taylor, N. Dak..17B2 Taylor, Tex.. Taylorsville .7E3 Tongaland ..1111 Tongataba 8G5 Tongue 2K4 Tongue River 13C5 Tripolitza 15E3 Trisco-nia 18A3 Troitsk, Russia....3L2 Ubn Tengis, L .17B2 Trondhjem, Norway. Ubsa-nor .17A2 1N4 Tropea ..11J6 .13F2 Ubay Siberia .5H4 Tronador 707 Ubsa Nor 3F1 11F5 Uea Í. Uceda, Spain K&L4&5 Tonio 17D6 Tonkin Thira or Santorin .17C5 Thistle .16B3 Thiviers ..10C7 Topeka Taytao Penn ....7B7 Thomasville (Fla )16B4 Toplitz 4E3 Thomson Tazewell (Va.)...16B3 Thorn ..16B4 Torbert ..2M6 Tropic of Cancer. 13A3 100 Tropic of Capricorn. Udine, Austria....3F3 3K4 Troy (Ala.). ..16A4 Ugashik 6J4 Troy, N. H. ...15H3 ..9J2 Torgau .14B2 .3L3 .2M7 .2L3 .12R1 .1002 .5H3 .11E1 .12F1 .1C3 18C3 18A3 .2T3 13A3 .18A3 Uiaga .17C1 16A1 Uist .803 ..9F2 Uj. Szony........935 3G1 Trujillo, Spain...10B2 Uleaborg, Finland.3G1 7A3 Ujvi ..1P6 .16D1 Uliassutai ........2LA ..9D4 .18D4 Tsangpo .12B4 Ulster .SC4 5D2 Tschaupring 9H5 Ulyasutal .12B2 .12A2 Ulzen 10G3 .5F3 Tsimandra-fouzane. Ullin .1802 9J4 Tortola I. 4G8 Umanah Fjord....6N1 14E1 .2B4 Tortosa, Spain. 2N5 Umatilla .......18B1 2C3 Tortuga .18B4 Tsing .12C3 Umbria ..11E3 12E2 mea. Sweden....3F1 .18C2 .514 Unalaska Island.18B3 12D3 Toulon ..5F3 Ungava ..15G5 Ungvar ..9L4 .17C5 Unicola .17B4 .2F4 Toulouse, France..3D3 Tuckerton, N. .3J3 Tourane .2M7 Tucson, Ariz. .13B4 Tournai .9A3 Tucuman 1684 Tours .100 Tudela .5D2 Tours, France. Tell el Mahuta...4G11 Tientsin Telokspil Tembleque Temesvar .2C6 Tory Isle. 1B4 Toul ..3E3 Tsinan 8B4 Tsitsikar ...2E6 Tierra del Fuego..78 Toulon, France...3E3 Tuckahoe 12D6 Tiflis 4C3 Tifly 4D3 Tigris River. .17C5 Tila Peak.. 18D4 Tilburg 12B3 Tilsit 16D1 Tovonak 2F5 Towanda .18C2 Tower 14B1 Towini Gulf. .9K1 Townshend B. .1643 Timan, Russia....3K1 Toyama Tennessee River..6K4 Timbo' Tennille .16B4 Timbuctoo Ten Thousand Is.16B5 Timbuktu Teplitz Tepungan Teramo Terana orato Ternel, Spain. Terkama Term Te.masun .4A4 Trabing 11F1 Timinoun Sea..... 2F7 Tinaka Pt. 3D3 Ting-chang 4D4 Tinos .17C2 .18C2 Tunging Lake.....2N6 Upper Guinea.....4B5 ..1201 Tunis, Africa....11D6 Upper Lake.....18A2 2G4 Tupelo Urup 284 Verdun Usch Netze. Ushitze 11H3 Verkan Udisk. Ushuia Uskeft 7C8 Verkhoyansk .4A4 Verkhue 13B4 Verchero 912 Verdur ... Uskup, Turkey....3G3 Velasco Uson-ada, Russia in Veliki Ustug, Asia .3K4 Verdigne Uspenskoi, Russia..3J1 Verdigras .15G5 Wandell 17B5 .17B4 Werdau 4C2 Wendover .18E2 ..9F3 .1112 ..17D5 Wesel .10F4 10G3 .1702 ..9G4 ..9D2 ..16B4 Wesson 17D5 ..18D3 .16B2 .5G3 Warner Lake....18B2 Werschetz .12D1 Warren, Ark... 10B5 Warren, Minn...17C2 Weser ..10A1 Warren, Ohio....15D4 Wesley .10A2 Warren, Ohio....16B2 Wesseli 3F3 Vizen, Portugal...3D3 Warren (Pa.)....16C2 Weeser River. 10E4 Vladivostok .18B4 Vlagos 6J6 Volcano Spgs. .11F5 Vocklabruck 9H4 Vogliever 1102 Vohemar .15G2 Volga River. .2N3 Volga R.. ..1C3 Warrenton .1111 Warsaw, N. Y...15E3 West .18B4 Warsaw, Russia...2D3 W. Australia.....5A4 .2F8 Warunds 9B4 Volga R., Russia..,3J3 Warwick, Tex....17B5 West Friesian Ids. 9B2 .10E5 Volga R., Russia..3K2 Warwick, Ind.....8F5 West Palm Beach, 12B1 Volkovisk .16B4 Weissenfels Walton, Mich....15A2 Welden Walton, Mich....16A2 10B2 Weldon Walton, Mich....17A3 Welen .9D4 .3G2 Walton, N. Y....16C2 Welland .9M1 Walton, Wyo....18D2 Wellington, .14D2 Wellington, New .18B2 Zealand 17E3 Wellington, New ..3J4 Zealand 4E5 Wellington, Ohio.15C4 Wilhemshaven ....902 17D3 Wellington, Okla.17C5 Wilhelmshaven, Ger4B8 Wellington, Tex..17B5 many 4E7 Wells Beach.....15J3 Wilkesbarre .18E3 Wilkesboro 10B5 Wankato .16B3 Wankies .18B3 Wankies 18C3 Wanno .....11G2 Wansan 14D2 Wells, Col. 17E3 Wells, Eng.......8G5 Willard .3E2 ....15F4 16B3 17B3 .8E4 Weimar ..9E3 Wichita Falls ..17C5 .17B3 Wick, Scotland....3D2 ..18B2 Wick .8E2 ..18D1 Weisbaden ..9D3 Wicklow .8C5 ..9F3 Widdin 11J3 .9E4 Wigan .8E5 16C3 Wigtown 8D4 18B1 .184 17A2 5D1 Yam Bay. Windsor Jc. Winfield ..18A3 Woldenberg Willow Creek....18B2 Wogodogo Willows Willow Springs...17D4 Wclea Wilma Wilma .9L1 Yai-chau ...17C2 Wolfenbutte.....9E2 Yambua ...18D4 Wolfsegg 16C4 Wolverhampton .9F4 Yamethin 9G2 Yang-chau 5E2 Yanson .. .14D2 York, Ala.......17E5 Zarza de Fuera 12B5 York, B. Is... ....8F5 Zashiversk 6J2 Zator .12D3 York Factory.... Wilmington, Ohio.15B5 Wongrowitz Winden Windsor 15C1 Woodward 16D1 Woonsocket 16D1 Wooster Windward Passage.6L5 Worcester, B. Is..8E5 Yazoo City .17C4 Worcester (Mass.).16D2 Zecla 17D5 Yuma, Ariz......18C4 Zolkiew .16B3 Yezd, Persia. 15B5 Yezo 5B2 Ylic 14F1 Zante 1116 13D2 Ylic Bay. .14F1 Zanzibar .4G6 4D4 Ynarajan 14E1 Zapata 17C6 .12C5 Yoakum .17C6 Zara, Bulgaria. .3F3 .18E3 Yochau 2N6 Zara 11F2 .212 Yokohama ..1C4 Zaraza 7C2 .18A1 Yola 4D5 Zaria ...4C4 (The Astronomical Calculations in the American Almanac are prepared by Berlin H. Wright, M. D., of Penn Yan, N. Y., and Lake Helen, Fla.) The Year. There have been many methods of computing time since man became wise enough to devise a calendar, and each, whether based upon the lunar or. the solar system of computation, has aided him in his attempt to keep pace with the passing of the seasons and has enabled him to record those events which he has deemed of sufficient importance to be preserved for posterity. There were the Athenians, for example, who began their year in June; the Macedonians, in September; the Persians, in August, and the ancient Mexicans, in February. In the old Roman, or Julian, Calendar the months corresponded with our own, excepting that the year first began with March and that up to the time of the Emperor Augustus the fifth and sixth months of each year were designated as Quintilis and Sextilis. After that time, however, the names of Julian and Augustus were bestowed upon them, and so they were brought down to modern times. The old Romans had a somewhat peculiar method of reckoning the days. Their three points of computation were: (1) The "Kalends," as the first of each month was called. (2) The "Nones," which oc carred on the seventh day of the months of March, May, July and October, and on the fifth day of each of the other months; and (3) the "Ides," which came exactly eight days after the "Nones." In reckoning the days, therefore, these three fixed dates were taken as a basis, and each day of the week was said to be so many days before the next fixed date. Thus, while the first day of January was known as the "Kalends of January," the 31st of December was "the day before the 'Kalends of January,'" but when the computations were carried further back both the days between and the fixed date itself were reckoned, a method which made December 30th the "third day before the 'Kalends.' "' The most peculiar calendar of comparatively modern times is that which was instituted as the result of the French Revolution. It was in September, 1793, that the Convention determined to abolish the use of the common era in all civil affairs and to substitute one of their own invention. According to their plan the new era should begin with the day of the last true Autumnal Equinox. September 22, 1792, and each seceeding year should begin at midnight of the day on which this equinox fell. The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days each, while the months were divided into three decades of ten days each. In order to make up the necessary 365 days, however, the five days were added at the end of the month of September: "Primidi," dedicated to Virtue; "Duodi," to Genius: "Tridi," to Labor; "Quartidi," to OpinJon, and Quintidi," to Reward. To complete the leap year a sixth day, called "Olympic," and dedicated to the day of the Revolution," was added. The National Convention also decreed that to each tenth day, thirty-six in all, should be assigned thirtysix "Fetes Decadaires," each of which should be dedicated to the honor of some trait of character or condition of being that in this manner might be made to appeal more strongly to the hearts of the people. Thus, these "Fetes" were dedicated to the Supreme Being and Nature, the Human Race, the French People, the Benefactors of Humanity, the Martyrs for Liberty, Liberty and Equality, the Republic, Liberty of the World, Love of Country, Hatred of Tyrants, Truth, Justice, Modesty, Glory and Immortality, Friendship, Frugality, Courage, Good Faith, Heroism, Disinterestedness, Stoicism, Love, Conjugal Fidelity, Paternal Affection, Maternal Tenderness, Filial Piety, Infancy, Childhood, Manhood, Old Age, Sickness, Agriculture, Industry, Ancestors, Posterity and Goodness. The Gregorian Calendar was restored on January 1, 1806, and the following are the dates for the year 1804, the last complete year of the Revolutionary era: The year 1903, from July 4, is the 128th year of the Independence of the United States, and corresponds to the following: Year 7411-12 of the Byzantine era, year 7411 beginning September 1. Year 2656 since the foundation of Rome, according to Varro. Year 2650 of the era of Nabouassar. Year 2679 of the Olympiads. Year 2215 of the Grecian era. Explanatory Note.-The Dominical Letter indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday occurs. D is the fourth letter, and, therefore, the first Sunday will occur on January 4. The Golden Number la that number in a cycle of nineteen years which shows how many years have passed since new moon fell on January 1. This is also called the Metonic Cycle from the astronomer Meton, who first discovered (B. C., 432) that in nineteen years the solar and lunar years come together again, nearly and hence the dates of the Olympic games, celebrated every fourth year at full moon next after the Summer Solstice, could be adjusted both to the solstices and moon, and his tables were inscribed in golden figures on a marble pillar; hence our Golden Number. The Golden Number and epact, or moon's age, January 1, are ehlely used in fixing the date of Easter. The Solar Cycle indicates the number of years that have elapsed since the days of the week fell on the same days of the year-a cycle of twenty-eight years, and is used to find the Dominical or Sunday letter. It is the remainder found by adding 9 to the year and dividing by 28. The Roman Indiction is a cycle of fifteen years, and is of no utility except to chronologers; it is the remainder found by adding 3 to the year and dividing the sum by 15. The Julian Period is a cycle of 7980 years, and is the product of the three cycles-Golden Number (19); Solar Cycle (28), and Roman Indietion (15), and hence shows the time when they will coincide or begin at the same time. The Dionysian Period is a cycle of 532 years, and is called the Great Paschal Cycle, being the product of a complete Solar and Lunar Cycle (28x19). It is the remainder found by adding 457 to the year and dividing by 532, and with the Julian Period, is chiefly used in chronology. The Jewish Lunar Cycle is always three less than the Golden Number and is used by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals. |