others that dwell farr from any markett towne, must repaire to churches and churchyards, and theare putt theire goods and themselves, and helpe to fortifie the place; which may be donne suddenlie by theire owne industrie. And whereas, they weare not able to defend themselves aparte, yett togeather they wilbee able to defend themselves from any partie, either of ours or the enemies and this is not invention, but a course held in all countries where warr is.

"But the danger of all is, that a people not used to a warr, believeth that noe enemie dare venture uppon them, which may make them neglect it the more: for that theire ignorance doth blinde them, as they did in the Pallatinate, when Spinola did prepare an army to invade them, which maketh mee remember to the same purpose, the speech of that brave and valiant gentleman generall Norris, that in 1588 said, that hee wondered hee could see noe man in the kingdome afeard, but himselfe. For theire is no difference, betweene those that are soldiers and those that are not, but that the one prepares aforehand; the other, too late.

"Not to leave any thinge that may turne to the good of the kingdome, and your majestie's service, I will touch somethinge, that in case an enemie shall land, wee should doe, aswell as to keepe him from landinge. If an enemie be suffered to land, whether should hee bee offered battell or not? For my parte, my advice is; by no meanes: for these reasons. First; it is no pollicie to offer that which an enemie will seeke for, by all meanes: theare beinge no greater

advantage for such an enemie then to fight a battell. Likewise, if hee come to conquer, hee is prepared for it, as his best game: therefore, the sooner hee doth fight, the lesse wilbee his necessitie, and the more his hope to make his conquest quicklie; which wilbee better for him, then to staie longer, and hazarde bis fortune sundrie times, by that meanes diminishinge his troopes and victuall, without any hope to reenforce or releive them. All which (as I said before) will make for your majestie: for the oftner you come to fight in your defence, the more encouragement and assurance you shall have, and the more discouragement and dispaire your enemies.

"When it shalbee indifference for your majestie to fight a battell; the true rules of the warr are, never to fight but uppon two occasions: the one beinge uppon a great advantage; the other, on a great necessitie. But if an enemie should land (as GOD forbid) hee must bee enterteyned in this manner: theare must bee diverse armies made, (as your majestie shall not want men, though you want soldiers) some of tenn thowsand, nine thowsand, seaven thowsand, and six thowsand, as they will fall out; and all to bee entrenched soe soone as they approach the enemie. For by reason of fortification, that may bee suddenlie made, thear will bee good time given to draw store of troopes togeather, without danger: and it is held as a maxime in the warrs, that hee is the best soldier that cann keepe his enemic from fightinge, and bee able to fight when he pleaseth. Theise armies must be disposed in sundrie places, round about the enemie: theare beinge na

such amasement to an enemie as to see themselves environned about: and it is most certeine; that a battle cannot fight everie waie. Wherefore, by this meanes hee shalbee charged in the reare, flanck, and front, which will trouble the bravest enemie in the world. Besides, hee must bee kept watchinge, with often skirmidges and alarmes, that hee may never bee in rest and if he will needs fight, lett him, for hee shall fight on all theise disadvantages, if those that command know how to command.

"It will not bee amisse to have all directions and commands written, which if it bee necessarie in the best disciplined armies, wilbee more requisite in an armie consistinge of trained soldiers. For the errors of the warr may bee the losse of a kingdome: therefore it will not bee fitt to have it excused with mistakinge. And so, I end my designe, to shewe how your majesties kingedome may bee defended, if your majesties navie bee wantinge, or otherwise employed."]

ROBERT CARY,

EARL OF MONMOUTH,

WAS a near relation of queen Elizabeth, but appears to have owed his preferment to the dispatch he used in informing her successor of her death. Her majesty seems to have been as little fond of advancing her relations by the mother, as she was solicitous to keep down those who partook of her blood-royal. The former could not well complain, when she was so indifferent even about vindicating her mother's fame. This will excuse our earl Robert's assiduity about her heir, which indeed he relates himself with great simplicity. The queen treated him with much familiarity. Visiting her in her last illness, and praying that her health might long continue, she took him by the hand and wrung it hard, and said, “No, Robin, I am not well," and fetched not so few as forty or fifty great sighs; which he professes he never knew her to do in all his lifetime, but for the death of the queen of Scots. He found

[For which he was made a gentleman of the bedchamber. Vide Nugæ Antiquæ, vol. i. p. 337-]

she would die-"I could not," says he, "but think in what a wretched estate I should be left, most of my livelyhood depending on her life. And hereupon I bethought myselfe with what grace and favour I was ever received by the king of Scottes, whensoever I was sent to him. I did assure myselfe it was neither unjust nor unhonest for me to do for myselfe, if God at that time should call her to his mercy." These words are taken from an account of that princess's death, published by Dr. Birch among sir Thomas Edmonds's papers, and are extracted from the only work of this earl, viz.

"Memoirs of his own Life;"

a manuscript in the possession3 of the earl of Corke and Orrery, by whose favour an edition of it is now preparing for the press.

[These Memoirs were published in 1759, 8vo. and the following elegant compliment was paid to lord Orford in the earl of Corke's preface:

"An honourable author," says the earl, "in a just piece of criticism, has exhibited so spirited a manner of writing, that he has given wit even to a dictionary,

[Or rather custody, for the MS. was only lent to lord Corke by lady Eliz. Spelman. See note in the next page.]