REPORT

CALIFORNIA

[Whole Number 2

OF THE

COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION

FOR

THE YEAR 1897-98.

VOLUME 1.

CONTAINING PART I.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

I. First part of the middle ages (700-1200). Ecclesiastical influence; convent and cathe-

dral schools

Charlemagne.

Noted schools of that period.

Methods of instruction..

Nobility and people .

II. Second part of the middle ages (1200-1500). Universities and particular schools

Latin city schools....

Schools for reading and writing.

III From 1500 to 1800......

(a) The sixteenth century. Humanism and its effect

The Reformation.....

Protestant universities...

The new classical high schools.

The schools of the Jesuits

Protestant public elementary schools..

Private schools....

Catholic public schools...

(b) The seventeenth century. National and new education..

Modern French education-academies for the nobles........

Instruction in German; Duke Ernest (the pious) of Gotha..

Private schools................

(c) The eighteenth century. Evolution of the modern university

Gymnasia (classical schools) to the middle of the eighteenth century.

The new humanism

The German school system; potent influences

Francke and Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia

Friedrich II and his code of school regulations

Private schools....

Modern high schools.

542925

LXXVIII

LXXX

LXXXIV

XCIX

CXIX

3

CHAPTER II.-SUMMER SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, FRANCE, AND SWITZERLAND.-By

Herbert B. Adams, Ph. D.

I. The National Home Reading Union and a summer meeting at Chester. Chautauqua in

England; the summer assembly; summer excursions; summer lectures..

II. A summer meeting in Cambridge. Historic associations; colleges founded by women;

summer student life; conferences on university extension; excursion to Ely; garden

parties; lectures; expenses...................

III. The Edinburgh summer school.

Town and gown; Scotch history read backward; life

in a Scotch college; club life in colleges; Robert Louis Stevenson; the summer school;

municipal hygiene; new geography; geographical excursions; musical recitals; Edin-

burgh summer meeting, 1897

IV. An Oxford summer meeting.

Historic associations; the town; the university; summer

lectures; conferences; Worcester College; case of Joseph Owen; the conversaziones;

recreations; gardens and boats; a critical review..

116

125

129

V. Vacation courses in Paris....

VI. Summer schools in Switzerland. University of Geneva..

CHAPTER III.-EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Topical outline.............

Brief conspectus of the English system........

Educational statistics......

Recent measures pertaining to the administration of the system..

Signs of progress..

The narrow course of elementary schools an obstacle to union of grades..

Secondary education...

Universities and university colleges...

Report of the departmental committee on the pupil-teacher system..

Teaching of cookery in English schools.......

133

134

135

136

138

147

149

156

160

165

CHAPTER V.-SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND TASMANIA.

Current statistics of public schools in the Australasian colonies...

189

Central and local authorities; sources of school income; compulsory laws.

Report on the working of "the school-attendance act of 1894," by J. Stormont Hall, esq., truant

inspector......

208

Industrial schools in New Zealand, by Mark Cohen, editor of Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand

Statistics of technological, agricultural, forestry, mining, and veterinary schools

2992

CHAPTER VII.-MEANS FOR SPREADING HYGIENIC KNOWLEDGE AMONG THE PEOPLE.-By Leo

Burgerstein, of Vienna.

Prefatory note...

Page.

224

230

234

236

237

246

257

I. Means of hygienic instruction concerning children and instruction of children themselves:

(1) By distribution of printed matter; (2) courses in normal schools and common schools;

(3) secondary schools....

II. Means for the general spread of hygiene: (1) University extension; (2) associations, popu-

lar lectures, reading rooms, books; (3) the influence of the clergy; (4) itinerant teachers;

(5) portable exhibits

258

263

III. Means for speading hygienic knowledge among the professions: (1) Special schools; (2)

lectures to nurses; (3) technical schools; (4) administrative officers, physicians.....

CHAPTER VIII.-REPORT ON EUROPEAN TEXTILE SCHOOLS.-By C. P. Brooks, director of the

Textile School, Lowell, Mass

265

269

CHAPTER IX.-THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

Meeting in London in 1897.....

295

Paper on the relations existing between the teaching of pure chemistry and applied chemistry,

by Otto N. Witt, Ph. D., of the Royal Polytechnic School of Berlin

Remarks on the teaching of chemistry, by George Lunge, Ph. D., professor of technological

chemistry in the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich

298

302

Theory and practice in trade teaching, by Sir Philip Magnus, of the City and Guilds of Lon-

don Technical Institute....

Some limitations to technical instruction, by Sir Joshua Fitch, LL. D..

Reforms in the organization of technical education, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson, F. R. S.....

Evening schools, by Swire Smith, member of the late Royal Commission on Technical Instruc-

tion.......

The true basis of technical education, by W. Slingo, principal of Telegraphists' School of Science.

Commercial education in England and America, by Bernard de Bear, principal Pitman's Metro-

politan School

304

309

313

317

324

329

Systematic commercial education, by T. A. Organ, B. A., L. C. C......

334

CHAPTER X.-EDUCATION IN INDIA.-By W. E. De Riemer, A. M..

339

CHAPTER XI.-ORGANIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF STATE SYSTEMS OF COMMON SCHOOL

EDUCATION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC STATES FROM 1830 TO 1865.-By Rev. A. D. Mayo, LL. D.

Topical outline

CHAPTER XII.-PHYSICAL TRAINING.--By Edward Mussey Hartwell, Ph. D., M. D.