Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year ... with Accompanying Papers

REPORT

OF THE

COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION

FOR

THE YEAR 1897-98.

VOLUME 1.

CONTAINING PART I.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

THE UNITED STATES

BUREAU OF EDUCATION,

Created as a Department March 2, 1867.

Made an Office of the Interior Department July 1, 1869.

COMMISSIONERS.

HENRY BARNARD, LL. D.,
March 14, 1867, to March 15, 1870.

JOHN EATON, PH. D., LL. D.,
March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886.
NATHANIEL II. R. DAWSON, L. H. D.,

August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, PH. D., LL. D.,

September 12, 1889, to date.

EDUCATION DEPT.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1.

THE COMMISSIONER'S INTRODUCTION.

Total enrollment in schools and colleges

The common schools

Education in foreign countries

Physical training..

Foreign influence on education in the United States..

Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines..

Education in Alaska

STATISTICS OF STATE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEMS,

Total population, school population....

Enrollment in the common schools.

Average daily attendance..

Teachers and salaries

Revenues

Expenditures

School expenditures in the South, classified by race.

COURSES OF STUDY IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS..

Requirements for practice of medicine.

PART I.

CHAPTER I.-HISTORY OF THE GERMAN SCHOOL SYSTEM.

III From 1500 to 1800.

Topical outline..

I. First part of the middle ages (700-1200). Ecclesiastical influence; convent and cathe-

dral schools

Charlemagne.

Noted schools of that period.

Methods of instruction...

Nobility and people .

II. Second part of the middle ages (1200-1500). Universities and particular schools

Latin city schools..

Schools for reading and writing..

(e) The eighteenth century. Evolution of the modern university

Gymnasia (classical schools) to the middle of the eighteenth century.

The new humanism

The German school system; potent influences

Francke and Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia

Friedrich II and his code of school regulations

Private schools......

Modern high schools.

542925

IV. The nineteenth century. The universities.

Classical high schools.....

Realschulen; technological universities

Public elementary schools up to 1860

Later developments of the public schools

Future prospects

CHAPTER II.-SUMMER SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, FRANCE, AND SWITZERLAND.-By

Herbert B. Adams, Ph. D.

I. The National Home Reading Union and a summer meeting at Chester. Chautauqua in

England; the summer assembly; summer excursions; summer lectures.....

II. A summer meeting in Cambridge. Historic associations; colleges founded by women;

summer student life; conferences on university extension; excursion to Ely; garden

parties; lectures; expenses..

III. The Edinburgh summer school.

Town and gown; Scotch history read backward; life

in a Scotch college; club life in colleges; Robert Louis Stevenson; the summer school;

municipal hygiene; new geography; geographical excursions; musical recitals; Edin-

burgh summer meeting, 1897.

IV. An Oxford summer meeting. Historic associations; the town; the university; summer

lectures; conferences; Worcester College; case of Joseph Owen; the conversaziones;

recreations; gardens and boats; a critical review....

V. Vacation courses in Paris......

VI. Summer schools in Switzerland. University of Geneva..

CHAPTER III.-EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Topical outline.....

Brief conspectus of the English system...

Educational statistics....

Recent measures pertaining to the administration of the system.

Signs of progress...

The narrow course of elementary schools an obstacle to union of grades..

Secondary education...

Universities and university colleges...

Report of the departmental committee on the pupil-teacher system..

Teaching of cookery in English schools.....

CHAPTER IV.-EDUCATION IN CANADA.

Page.

Topical outline

System of education in Ontario

System of Quebec..................

Payment and distribution of the common school fund

Efforts for the reorganization of the system

System of New Brunswick

System of Nova Scotia..

School system of Manitoba

The system of British Columbia.

The Northwest Territories

Statistics of the higher educational institutions of Canada.....

Care of friendless and pauper children..

Secondary and technical education...

CHAPTER V.-SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND TASMANIA.

Current statistics of public schools in the Australasian colonies...

Central and local authorities; sources of school income; compulsory laws..

Special schools for rural districts....

Primary education in Australasia, by D. White, M. A............

Extracts from paper on educational reform, by Hon. C. C. Bowen

Report on the working of "the school-attendance act of 1894," by J. Stormont Hall, esq., truant

inspector

Industrial schools in New Zealand, by Mark Cohen, editor of Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand

CHAPTER VI.-EDUCATION IN CENTRAL EUROPE.

Previous articles on education in central Europe.

The objects of polytechnica

Statistics of technological, agricultural, forestry, mining, and veterinary schools

School gardens in Europe

Salaries of teachers in elementary schools of Switzerland

Higher education of women in the Prussian Diet.

Illiteracy in Europe

Examinations.....

Philosophy as a school study

CHAPTER VII.-MEANS FOR SPREADING HYGIENIC KNOWLEDGE AMONG THE PEOPLE.-By Leo

Burgerstein, of Vienna.

Prefatory note...

I. Means of hygienic instruction concerning children and instruction of children themselves:

(1) By distribution of printed matter; (2) courses in normal schools and common schools;

(3) secondary schools

II. Means for the general spread of hygiene: (1) University extension; (2) associations, popu-

lar lectures. reading rooms, books; (3) the influence of the clergy; (4) itinerant teachers;

(5) portable exhibits

III. Means for speading hygienic knowledge among the professions: (1) Special schools; (2)

lectures to nurses; (3) technical schools; (4) administrative officers, physicians....

CHAPTER VIII.-REPORT ON EUROPEAN TEXTILE SCHOOLS.-By C. P. Brooks, director of the

Textile School, Lowell, Mass

CHAPTER IX.-THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

Meeting in London in 1897.

Paper on the relations existing between the teaching of pure chemistry and applied chemistry,

by Otto N. Witt, Ph. D., of the Royal Polytechnic School of Berlin .............

Remarks on the teaching of chemistry, by George Lunge, Ph. D., professor of technological

chemistry in the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich

Theory and practice in trade teaching, by Sir Philip Magnus, of the City and Guilds of Lon-

don Technical Institute....

Some limitations to technical instruction, by Sir Joshua Fitch, LL. D..

Reforms in the organization of technical education, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson, F. R. S.....

Evening schools, by Swire Smith, member of the late Royal Commission on Technical Instruc-

tion....

The true basis of technical education, by W. Slingo, principal of Telegraphists' School of Science.

Commercial education in England and America, by Bernard de Bear, principal Pitman's Metro-

politan School .....................

Systematic commercial education, by T. A. Organ, B. A., L. C. C.

CHAPTER X.-EDUCATION IN INDIA.-By W. E. De Riemer, A. M.

CHAPTER XI-ORGANIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF STATE SYSTEMS OF COMMON SCHOOL

EDUCATION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC STATES FROM 1830 TO 1865.-By Rev. A. D. Mayo, LL. D.

CHAPTER XII.-PHYSICAL TRAINING.--By Edward Mussey Hartwell, Ph. D., M. D.

Typical ideals of manliness...

Scientific basis of modern doctrine of human body.

Motor training in education..........

Educational significance of law of education of nervous system

British athletic sports

Grecian athletics and gymnastics....

Rise of physical training in modern Europe

Guts Muths, his work and influence

German turning and Father Jahn

Influence of Spiess on school gymnastics in Germany

Bøger

Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ..., Bind 1