somer food.

Does not the following glimpse exhibit him in a

much more natural state?

'Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not 'to look upon with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long vista, into the remote Time; to have, as it 'were, an actual section of almost the earliest Past brought safe ' into the Present, and set before your eyes! There, in that old 'City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire put down, say only two' thousand years ago; and there, burning more or less trium'phantly, with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt, and ⚫ still burns, and thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! ' and the far more mysterious live ember of Vital Fire was then ' also put down there; and still miraculously burns and spreads; ' and the smoke and ashes thereof (in these Judgment-Halls and 'Churchyards), and its bellows-engines (in these Churches), thou 'still seest; and its flame, looking out from every kind countenance, and every hateful one, still warms thee or scorches

'thee.

'Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are ' aeriform, mystic, and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of Government, with the Authority they rest on ; his Customs, or Fashions both of Cloth-habits and of Soul'habits; much more his collective stock of Handicrafts, the 'whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating Nature: all these things, as indispensable and priceless as they are, can'not in any way be fixed under lock and key, but must flit, spirit - like, on impalpable vehicles, from Father to Son; if 'you demand sight of them, they are nowhere to be met with. 'Visible Ploughmen and Hammermen there have been, ever 'from Cain and Tubalcain downwards: but where does your • accumulated Agricultural, Metallurgic, and other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits itself on the atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by Vision); it is a thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In like manner, ask me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GoVERNMENT? In vain wilt thou go to Schönbrunn, to Down'ing Street, to the Palais Bourbon: thou findest nothing there 'but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of Papers tied ' with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly-devised al'mighty GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Every

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' where, yet nowhere: seen only in its works, this too is a thing ' aeriform, invisible; or if you will, mystic and miraculous. So 'spiritual (geistig) is our whole daily Life: all that we do springs ' out of Mystery, Spirit, invisible Force; only like a little Cloudimage, or Armida's Palace, air-built, does the Actual body it'self forth from the great mystic Deep.

'Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon-up 'to the extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; 'then tilled Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads ⚫ with their Bridges may belong; and thirdly · Books. In

' which third truly, the last invented, lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous indeed is the virtue of ' a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones, yearly crumbling, ' yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but then a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it 'stands from year to year, and from age to age (we have 'Books that already number some hundred-and-fifty human ' ages); and yearly comes its new produce of leaves (Commen'taries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every one of ' which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men. 'O thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two 'centuries or oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him • whom they name City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or City-burner ! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort, namely over the De'vil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble and metal, ' and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the 'Earth will pilgrim.-Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, ́ in thy antiquarian fervour, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of Sacchara? These stand there, as I 'can tell thee, idle and inert, looking over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three-thousand years: but canst thou 'not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version 'thereof?'

No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that here, for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date. Omitting much, let us impart what follows:

'Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell'splinters, cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and ́horses; stragglers still remaining not so much as buried. And 'those red mould heaps: ay, there lie the Shells of Men, out of 'which all the Life and Virtue has been blown ; and now are they swept together, and crammed-down out of sight, like blown 'Egg-shells !—Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring ' down his mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian · Heights, and spread them out here into the softest, richest • level,—intend thee, O Marchfeld, for a corn-bearing Nursery, 'whereon her children might be nursed; or for a Cockpit, ' wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and 'tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from 'the ends of Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? 'Were thy Wagrams and Stillfrieds but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of Hapsburg might batter with • artillery, and with artillery be battered? König Ottokar, amid 'yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon; here Kaiser • Franz falls a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five cen♦ turies, to omit the others, how has thy breast, fair Plain, been 'defaced and defiled! The greensward is torn-up and trampled'down; man's fond care of it, his fruit-trees, hedge-rows, and ' pleasant dwellings, blown-away with gunpowder; and the kind 'seedfield lies a desolate, hideous Place of Sculls. Neverthe'less, Nature is at work; neither shall these Powder-Devilkins ' with their utmost devilry gainsay her: but all that gore and " carnage will be shrouded-in, absorbed into manure; and next ' year the Marchfeld will be green, nay greener. Thrifty un'wearied Nature, ever out of our great waste educing some little 'profit of thy own,—how dost thou, from the very carcass of the • Killer, bring Life for the Living!

'What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net-purport and upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, 'there dwell and toil, in the British village of Dumdrudge, usu

ally some five-hundred souls. From these, by certain "Na'tural Enemies" of the French, there are successively selected, 'during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men: Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to crafts, so that one can

weave, another build, another hammer, and the weakest can ⚫ stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; ' and shipped away, at the public charges, some two-thousand miles, or say only to the south of Spain; and fed there till ' wanted. And now to that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, ' in like manner wending: till at length, after infinite effort, the ' two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands 'fronting Thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightway the • word "Fire!" is given: and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk useful craftsmen, the ' world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury, and anew 'shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the 'Devil is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were 'the entirest strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously, by Commerce, some mutual helpfulness 'between them. How then? Simpleton! their Governors had • fallen-out; and, instead of shooting one another, had the cun'ning to make these poor blockheads shoot.—Alas, so is it in Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old, ""what devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!" '—In that fiction of the English Smollet, it is true, the final 'Cessation of War is perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; 'where the two Natural Enemies, in person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the same, and smoke ' in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in: but from such predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and contenti'ous centuries, may still divide us !'

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Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his own sorrows, over the many-coloured world, and pertinently enough note what is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of spiritual culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his life were richer than this. Internally, there is the most momentous instructive Course of Prac tical Philosophy, with Experiments, going on; towards the right comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits, favourable to Me ditation, might help him rather than hinder. Externally, again, 25 he wanders to and fro, there are, if for the longing heart little substance, yet for the seeing eye sights enough: in these so bound

less Travels of his, granting that the Satanic School was even partially kept down, what an incredible knowledge of our Planet, and its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to say, of all knowable things, might not Teufelsdröckh acquire!

'I have read in most Public Libraries,' says he, 'including 'those of Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that 'there was no studying. Unknown Languages have I oftenest 'gathered from their natural repertory, the Air, by my organ of 'Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics came, through 'the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how ' he seeks food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most ' regions, are ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I 'meted-out much of the terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself only.

Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lin'gered reflecting, and even composing (dichtete), by the Pine' chasms of Vaucluse; and in that clear Lakelet moistened my • bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees of Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of China ‘I have seen ; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and I covered with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.— 'Great Events, also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated-down (ausgemergelt) into Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the 'World well won, and the World well lost; oftener than once a • hundred-thousand individuals shot (by each other) in one day. 'All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together, and 'shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment there, ' and in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith convulsed Europe was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, 'could not escape me.

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'For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; ' and can perhaps boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men are the inspired (speaking and act'ing) Texts of that divine BOOK OF REVELATIONS, whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named 'HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men, and your innumerable untalented men, are the better or 'worse exegetic Commentaries, and wagonload of too-stupid, 'heretical or orthodox, weekly Sermons. For my study, the