CHAPTER XX.

THE EMOTIONS-EGOISTIC EMOTIONS.

We mean by the emotions our capabilities to feel in view of ideas. Emotions are strung on ideas as pearls on threads of gold. Good news awakens joy, but bad news occasions sorrow. All our higher feelings arise in view of ideas, and are termed emotions.

8. THE EMOTIONS.

2. THE PHYSICAL FEELINGS.

1. THE INSTINCTS.

Sometimes we speak of emotions as intellectual feelings, because they are occasioned by knowing. Often we call the emotions our heart-powers, because we have learned to use the term heart so as to include all our higher feelings.

An emotion is used to designate both a power to feel and an act of feeling. A capability for an emotion distinct in kind is called an emotional power; and the feeling is the exertion of the power. I love my mother; the capability to love is an emotional power, but loving is exerting this power. The term emotion applies equally to the capability and the exercise of the

capability; as, I am endowed with the capability to feel the emotion of joy and I rejoice, or feel the emotion

of joy.

Classes of Emotions.

Egoistic or Self-Emotions.
Altruistic Emotions or Sympathies.
Truth Emotions.

Cosmic Emotions. Beauty Emotions.
Duty Emotions.

Some emotions refer to self, and are called egoistic emotions; some refer to others, and are called altruistic emotions; some are unlimited, but arise in view of the true, the beautiful, and the good, and are called cosmic emotions. Emotions limited to self are self-emotions; emotions limited to others are altruistic emotions; but unlimited emotions are cosmic emotions.

THE EGOISTIC EMOTIONS OR THE SELF-EMOTIONS.

These are the feelings which minister to self. You desire pleasure, long for wealth, and hope for fame; these feelings look to self, and we apply to them the following

As egoistic emotions minister to self, they are termed self-emotions. Since they terminate in one's own person, they are called personal emotions.

Acts of Egoistic Emotion Analyzed.-Your teacher pronounces your essay excellent; you feel satisfaction, joy, pride. You fail to solve the problem; you are dissatisfied, chagrined, humiliated. You feel exultant in view of self succeeding; you feel mortified in view

of self failing. As these are self-emotions, we call them egoistic emotions. Ideas pertaining to self occasion personal emotions.

From a careful examination of many of your selfemotions, you can infer the

Office of the Egoistic Emotions.-These feelings look to the well-being of self. The instinct of self-preservation is deeply implanted in all animals. We shrink from danger and welcome good. The office of the egoistic emotions is self-preservation and self-exaltation. You have also discovered from your analysis the

Characteristics of Egoistic Emotions. It is not difficult to distinguish personal emotions from other mental acts.

1. Egoistic emotions are feelings occasioned by ideas referring to self. Some one calls you a coward; you feel indignant. Some friend leaves you a fortune; you rejoice. All emotions that terminate in self are self-emotions.

2. Egoistic emotions look to self-betterment. The personal emotions are not always selfish, but they all look to self; hence they are called egoistic. All emotions which look to self-betterment are self-emotions. These emotions may sink into selfishness and egotism.

Egoistic Emotions Defined.-Personal emotions, directly and indirectly, minister to self. They are the soul-energies which move us to act for our own preservation and exaltation.

1. Self-emotions are the feelings which minister to self.

2. Original. Make a definition of your own. Пlustrate.

3. Various Definitions.-BROOKS: The egoistic emotions are those that center in self. SULLY: The egoistic emotions are such as imply personal reference. McCоSH: Egoistic emotions are the feelings called forth in view of good and evil as bearing on self.

Classes of Self-Emotions.-By examining several concrete cases, you will be able to classify egoistic emotions chronologically. Take emulation. You wish to excel in a spelling-match. Before the contest, you exult in anticipated triumph; the exultation is a prospective emotion. During the contest your soul throbs with interest and courage; these feelings are immediate emotions. After the contest, you feel chagrin and disappointment in view of your failure; chagrin is a retrospective emotion.

You prepared an essay and read it before your class. What prospective emotions did you feel? What immediate emotions did you feel while writing and reading the essay? What emotions do you now feel when you remember the cheers and the criticisms?

Prospective
Emotions.-

Immediate
Emotions.-

Retrospective

Emotions.

Hope or Fear; Expectation or Despair; Assurance

or Dread.

Courage or Cowardice; Modesty or Impudence. Egoistic Desires-Desire for Knowledge, Desire for Esteem. Etc., etc.

Joy or Sorrow; Gladness or Depression; Rapture
or Melancholy.

Content or Discontent; Good Humor or Bad;
Sweet Disposition or Sour.

Pride or Humility; Patience or Impatience; Van-
ity or Meekness. Etc., etc.

Satisfaction or Regret; Complacency or Displacency.

Self-Gratulation or Reproach; Self-Approbation
or Disapprobation.

Emotions of Pleasant Memories or Unpleasant.
Etc., etc.

Prospective Self-Emotions.-The egoistic emotions occasioned by contemplating the future with reference to self are called prospective emotions. Carefully study your list of prospective emotions, and state cases involving each. The egoistic desires are longings for selfbetterment.

7. DESIRE FOR PERFECTION.

6. DESIRE FOR BEAUTY.

5. DESIRE FOR KNOWLEDGE.

4. DESIRE FOR ESTEEM.

8. DESIRE FOR POWER.

2. DESIRE FOR PROPERTY.

1. DESIRE FOR LIFE.

Our longings for self-betterment, as given above, are termed the seven primitive egoistic desires. As a study of the egoistic desires, you may reconstruct the pyramid, placing at the base the desire you think deepest, and the others in the order of their hold on human nature.

HAPPINESS is not a desire, but a result of lawfully gratified desires. Not happiness, but food, is the desire of a hungry man. Not happiness, but knowledge, is the desire of the earnest student. We are so constituted that the lawful gratification of our desires gives us pleasure. President Porter says:

"There is in man no separate desire of happiness. No man ever desired happiness in the general or the abstract. No one can ever catch himself or his neighbor thinking of happiness in the abstract, or desiring it. The satisfaction which comes from lawfullygratified desires is generalized as happiness."